Potassium Nickel(IV) Paraperiodate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.

Potassium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Potassium's shells is 2, 8, 8, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 4s¹. In its elemental form potassium's CAS number is 7440-09-7. The potassium atom has a radius of 227.2 .pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 275.pm. Potassium is not toxic. Potassium is the seventh most abundant element on earth. In its metallic form it is one of the most reactive and electropositive of all metals and rapidly oxidizes. As with other metals of the alkali group, the metal decomposes in water with the evolution of hydrogen. It catches fire spontaneously in water. In high purity, potassium compounds have numerous pharmacological, medical, and electronics applications. Important compounds include the hydroxide, nitrate, carbonate, chloride, bromide, iodide, and sulfate. Lower purity compounds are used in pyrotechnics for its violet color on ignition and in glass and ceramic glazes to produce this color. Potassium also used as a nutrient in plant growth. Potassium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807. The origin of the element name comes from the English word 'potash' meaning pot ashes and the Arabic word 'qali' which means alkali. The symbol K originates from the Latin word 'kalium'. See Potassium research below.

Nickel is a Block D, Group 4, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Nickel's shells is 2, 8, 16, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar]3d⁸ 4s². In its elemental form nickel's CAS number is 7440-02-0. Nickel is sometimes found free in nature but is more commonly found in ores. The nickel atom has a radius of 149.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 163.pm. Nickel and its compounds are considered to be carcinogenic. Nickel carbonyl is a very toxic gas. It is extensively alloyed with iron, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and other metals produce stainless and other anti-corrosive steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys. It is highly electronically conductive and has many applications as a result. It is the basis of the nickel hydride battery. Most recently, its conductive properties have made it an ideal component for ceramic anode formulations used in oxygen generation and solid oxide fuel cell applications. Catalytic nickel is used to hydrogenate vegetable oils. Nickel additions to glass and ceramic glazes impart a bright green. It is also used in pigments for this purpose. Nickel information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Nickel was first discovered by Alex Constedt in 1751. The name originates from the German word 'kupfernickel' which means false copper from the illusory copper color of the ore. See Nickel research below.

Iodine is a Block P, Group 17, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Iodine's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁵. In its elemental form iodine's CAS number is 7553-56-2. The iodine atom has a radius of 133.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 198.pm. Iodine in large amounts is poisonous but in small doses is only slightly toxic. Iodine forms compounds with many elements, but is less active than the other halogens, which displace it from iodides. Iodine exhibits some metallic-like properties. It dissolves readily in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or carbon disulfide to form purple solutions. It is only slightly soluble in water. Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine. Potassium iodide finds use in photography. The deep blue color with starch solution is characteristic of the free element.Iodine is available in compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). See Iodine research below. Iodine it forms compounds with many elements, but is less active than the other halogens, which displace it from iodides. Iodine exhibits some metallic-like properties. It dissolves readily in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or carbon disulfide to form purple solutions. It is only slightly soluble in water. Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine. Iodides, and thyroxine which contains iodine, are used internally in medicine. Potassium iodide finds use in photography. The deep blue color with starch solution is characteristic of the free element.Iodine is available in compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). See Iodine research below.

Recent Research & Development for Iodate

• 1,1'-(Ethane-1,2-di-yl)dipyridinium bis-(iodate). Gholizadeh M, Maleki B, Pourayoubi M, Kia M, Notash B. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Jul 1;67(Pt 7):o1614-5. Epub 2011 Jun 11. PMID: 21837022 [PubMed - in process]
  
  
• BiO(IO(3)): A New Polar Iodate that Exhibits an Aurivillius-Type (Bi(2)O(2))(2+) Layer and a Large SHG Response. Nguyen SD, Yeon J, Kim SH, Halasyamani PS. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Aug 17;133(32):12422-5. Epub 2011 Jul 26. PMID: 21776958 [PubMed - in process]
  
  
• Beneficial effects of exogenous iodine in lettuce plants subjected to salinity stress. Leyva R, Sánchez-Rodríguez E, Ríos JJ, Rubio-Wilhelmi MM, Romero L, Ruiz JM, Blasco B. Plant Sci. 2011 Aug;181(2):195-202. Epub 2011 May 23. PMID: 21683885 [PubMed - in process]
  
  
• Concentration-dependent mobility, retardation, and speciation of iodine in surface sediment from the savannah river site. Zhang S, Du J, Xu C, Schwehr KA, Ho YF, Li HP, Roberts KA, Kaplan DI, Brinkmeyer R, Yeager CM, Chang HS, Santschi PH. Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Jul 1;45(13):5543-9. Epub 2011 Jun 10. PMID: 21663237 [PubMed - in process]
  
  
• Stem Cells are mobilized from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation in response to retinal pigment epithelium damage--a pathophysiological attempt to induce endogenous regeneration. Machalinska A, Klos P, Baumert B, Baskiewicz M, Kawa M, Rudnicki M, Lubinski W, Wiszniewska B, Karczewicz D, Machalinski B. Curr Eye Res. 2011 Jul;36(7):663-72. PMID: 21657828 [PubMed - in process]
  
  
• A simple and demountable capillary microflow nebulizer with a tapered tip for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cheng H, Yin X, Xu Z, Wang X, Shen H. Talanta. 2011 Jul 15;85(1):794-9. Epub 2011 May 7. PMID: 21645775 [PubMed - in process]
  
  
• Improved spectrophotometric determination of paraquat in drinking waters exploiting a Multisyringe liquid core waveguide system. Maya F, Estela JM, Cerdà V. Talanta. 2011 Jul 15;85(1):588-95. Epub 2011 Apr 16. PMID: 21645746 [PubMed - in process]
  
  
• Photon coincidences in spontaneous parametric down-converted radiation excited by a blue LED in bulk LiIO3 crystal. Galinis J, Karpinski M, Tamosauskas G, Dobek K, Piskarskas A. Opt Express. 2011 May 23;19(11):10351-8. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.010351. PMID: 21643292 [PubMed - in process]
  
  
• Factors controlling mobility of (127)I and (129)I species in an acidic groundwater plume at the Savannah River Site. Otosaka S, Schwehr KA, Kaplan DI, Roberts KA, Zhang S, Xu C, Li HP, Ho YF, Brinkmeyer R, Yeager CM, Santschi PH. Sci Total Environ. 2011 Jun 3. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21641630 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
  
  
• Effect of gel network on pattern formation in the ferrocyanide-iodate-sulfite reaction. Ueno T, Yoshida R. J Phys Chem A. 2011 Jun 2;115(21):5231-7. Epub 2011 May 10. PMID: 21557556 [PubMed - in process]
  
  
• Screening of counterfeit cephalosporin and discrimination from penicillins by high-throughput chemical color tests. Singh BK, Parwate DV, Shukla SK. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol. 2010 Mar-Apr;64(2):97-100. PMID: 21502010
  
  
• Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Progenitors into Retinal Cells by Sonic Hedgehog and/or Retinal Pigmented Epithelium and Transplantation into the Subretinal Space of Sodium Iodate-Injected Rabbits. Amirpour N, Karamali F, Rabiee F, Rezaei L, Esfandiari E, Razavi S, Dehghani A, Razmju H, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Baharvand H. Stem Cells Dev. 2011 Jun 1. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21456900 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
  
  
• Explorations of new second-order nonlinear optical materials in the potassium vanadyl iodate system. Sun CF, Hu CL, Xu X, Yang BP, Mao JG. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Apr 13;133(14):5561-72. Epub 2011 Mar 23. PMID: 21428302 [PubMed]
  
  
• Low-level bromate analysis in drinking water by ion chromatography with optimized suppressed conductivity cell current followed by a post-column reaction and UV/Vis detection. Fotsing M, Barbeau B, Prevost M. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2011;46(4):420-5. PMID: 21391036 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
  
  
• First-principles study of electronic structures and nonlinear optical properties of AMoO3(IO3) (A = Li, Rb and Cs) crystals. Hu CL, Mao JG. J Phys Condens Matter. 2010 Apr 21;22(15):155801. Epub 2010 Mar 29. PMID: 21389558 [PubMed - in process]
  
  
• Separation of inorganic anions on a triazole-functionalized ion exchanger in ion chromatography. Zhang F, Liu Y, Wei J, Guo Z, Yang B, Liang X. J Sep Sci. 2011 Apr;34(7):796-9. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201000856. Epub 2011 Mar 4. PMID: 21374812 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
  
  
• A low-tech analytical method for diethylcarbamazine citrate in medicated salt. Weaver A, Brown P, Huey S, Magallon M, Bollman EB, Mares D, Streit TG, Lieberman M. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Feb 8;5(2):e1005. PMID: 21347443 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
  
  
• Investigation of iodine liberation process in redox titration of potassium iodate with sodium thiosulfate. Asakai T, Hioki A. Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Mar 9;689(1):34-8. Epub 2011 Jan 19. PMID: 21338753 [PubMed - in process]
  
  
• Overall water splitting under visible light through a two-step photoexcitation between TaON and WO3 in the presence of an iodate-iodide shuttle redox mediator. Abe R, Higashi M, Domen K. ChemSusChem. 2011 Feb 18;4(2):228-37. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201000333. Epub 2011 Jan 27. PMID: 21275062 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
  
  
• Autocatalytic plume pinch-off. Rogers MC, Zebib A, Morris SW. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2010 Dec;82(6 Pt 2):066307. Epub 2010 Dec 7. PMID: 21230734 [PubMed]