See safety data below. American Elements specializes in producing Praseodymium as flat irregularly shaped pieces of material in a varying range of sizes. Most flakes/prisms are produced from cast Ingots for use in coating and thin film Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including  Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Organometallic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) for specific applications such as fuel cells and solar energy. Thickness can range from 0.003" to approximately 2mm for all metals. Some metals can also be rolled down as thin as 0.001” for use as an evaporation source in microelectronics, optics, magnetics, MEMS, and hard resistant coatings. Piece sizes are available up to approximately 7" maximum width. Maximum lengths of about 20" can be obtained with a nominal thickness between about 0.005" and 0.020" for thin film deposition on glass or metal substrates. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes such as nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and in the form of solutions and organometallics. We also produce Praseodymium as rods, powder and plates. Other shapes are available by request.  Praseodymium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Praseodymium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f3 6s2. In its elemental form praseodymium's CAS number is 7440-10-0. The praseodymium atom has a radius of 182.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is is unknown. Praseodymium is somewhat toxic. Praseodymium resembles the typical trivalent rare earths, however, it will exhibit a +4 state when stabilized in a zirconia host. Praseodymium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form  of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. The element is found in most all light rare earth derivatives. It is highly valued in glass and ceramic production as a bright yellow pigment because of its optimum reflectance at 560 nm. Much research is being done on its optical properties for use in amplification of telecommunication systems, including as a doping agent in fluoride fibers. The origin of the element name comes from the Greek words 'prasios didymos' meaning green twin. See Praseodymium research below.
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Recent Research & Development for Praseodymium
- Autogenic Synthesis of Green- and
Red-Emitting Single-Phase Pr(2)O(2)CO(3) and PrO(1.833) Luminescent Nanopowders.
Calderon Moreno JM, Pol VG, Suh SH, Popa M. Inorg Chem. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20923161.
- Cationic rare-earth-metal
methyl complexes: a new preparative access exemplified for Y and Pr. Nieland A, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Dalton
Trans. 2010 Aug 7;39(29):6753-60. Epub 2010 May 4. PubMed PMID: 20442946.
- Conversion of orange light into blue
light. Rai N, Jha Y, Kamal KP, Kumar S, Rai VK. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2010 Aug;76(3-4):311-4. Epub 2010
Mar 6. PubMed PMID: 20430692.
- Efficient green
continuous-wave lasing of blue-diode-pumped solid-state lasers based on
praseodymium-doped LiYF4. Hansen NO, Bellancourt AR, Weichmann U, Huber G. Appl Opt. 2010 Jul 10;49(20):3864-8. doi:
10.1364/AO.49.003864. PubMed PMID: 20648158.
- Praseodymium(III)-based
bis-metallacalix[4]arene with host-guest behaviour. Xu GF, Gamez P, Teat SJ, Tang J. Dalton Trans. 2010 May
14;39(18):4353-7. Epub 2010 Mar 24. PubMed PMID: 20422093.
- Evaluation of short-term effects of rare earth and other elements used in
magnesium alloys on primary cells and cell lines. Feyerabend F, Fischer J, Holtz J, Witte F, Willumeit R, Drücker H, Vogt C,
Hort N. Acta Biomater. 2010
May;6(5):1834-42. Epub 2009 Oct 1. PubMed PMID: 19800429.
- Carboxymethylated cyclodextrins and their complexes with Pr(III) and Yb(III) as
water-soluble chiral NMR solvating agents for cationic compounds. Provencher KA, Weber MA, Randall LA, Cunningham PR, Dignam CF, Wenzel TJ. Chirality. 2010
Mar;22(3):336-46. PubMed PMID: 19544350.
- Crystal structure, diffusion path, and
oxygen permeability of a Pr(2)NiO(4)-based mixed conductor
(Pr(0.9)La(0.1))(2)(Ni(0.74)Cu(0.21)Ga(0.05))O(4+delta). Yashima M, Sirikanda N, Ishihara T. J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Feb
24;132(7):2385-92. PubMed PMID: 20121092.
- Crystal structure and optical and magnetic properties of
Pr(2)(MoO(4))(3). Logvinovich D, Arakcheeva A, Pattison P, Eliseeva S, Tomes P, Marozau I,
Chapuis G. Inorg Chem. 2010 Feb 15;49(4):1587-94. PubMed PMID: 20067248.
- Morphological and
Electrochemical Properties of Crystalline Praseodymium Oxide Nanorods. Shamshi Hassan M, Shaheer Akhtar M, Shim KB, Yang OB. Nanoscale
Res Lett. 2010 Feb 5;5(4):735-740. PubMed PMID: 20672103; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC2894094.
- Demonstration of atomic frequency
comb memory for light with spin-wave storage. Afzelius M, Usmani I, Amari A, Lauritzen B, Walther A, Simon C, Sangouard N,
Minár J, de Riedmatten H, Gisin N, Kröll S. Phys Rev Lett. 2010 Jan
29;104(4):040503. Epub 2010 Jan 27. PubMed PMID: 20366694.
- Triggered instability of liposomes bound to hydrophobically modified core-shell
PNIPAM hydrogel beads. MacKinnon N, Guérin G, Liu B, Gradinaru CC, Rubinstein JL, Macdonald PM. Langmuir. 2010 Jan 19;26(2):1081-9. PubMed PMID: 19754070.
- Templated assembly
of mu(5)-CO3(2-) decanuclear praseodymium and neodymium clusters through
spontaneous fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Ke H, Zhao L, Xu GF, Guo YN, Tang J, Zhang XY, Zhang HJ. Dalton Trans. 2009 Dec
21;(47):10609-13. Epub 2009 Nov 2. PubMed PMID: 20023886.
- Efficacy and safety of lanthanoids as X-ray contrast agents. Pietsch H, Jost G, Frenzel T, Raschke M, Walter J, Schirmer H, Hütter J,
Sieber MA. Eur J
Radiol. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20006455.
- The permanent electric dipole moments and
magnetic g(e)-factors of praseodymium monoxide (PrO). Wang H, Linton C, Ma T, Steimle TC. J Phys Chem A. 2009 Nov
26;113(47):13372-8. PubMed PMID: 19921945.
- Pr3+-doped fluoro-oxide lithium glass as
scintillator for nuclear fusion diagnostics. Arikawa Y, Yamanoi K, Nakazato T, Estacio ES, Shimizu T, Sarukura N, Nakai M,
Norimatsu T, Azechi H, Murata T, Fujino S, Yoshida H, Kamada K, Usuki Y, Suyama
T, Yoshikawa A, Sato N, Kan H. Rev Sci Instrum. 2009
Nov;80(11):113504. PubMed PMID: 19947728.
- Comparative studies of
praseodymium(III) selective sensors based on newly synthesized Schiff's bases.
Gupta VK, Goyal RN, Pal MK, Sharma RA. Anal Chim Acta. 2009 Oct 27;653(2):161-6. Epub 2009 Sep 9. PubMed PMID: 19808108.
- Ethanol electrooxidation on Pt/C catalysts
promoted with praseodymium oxide nanorods. Wang Y, Nguyen TS, Wang C, Wang X. Dalton Trans. 2009 Oct 7;(37):7606-9.
Epub 2009 Jul 27. PubMed PMID: 19759930.
- Computation of energy interaction
parameters as well as electric dipole intensity parameters for the absorption
spectral study of the interaction of Pr(III) with l-phenylalanine, l-glycine,
l-alanine and l-aspartic acid in the presence and absence of Ca2+ in organic
solvents. Moaienla T, Singh TD, Singh NR, Devi MI. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2009 Oct 1;74(2):434-40. Epub
2009 Jun 24. PubMed PMID: 19615935.
- High dielectric constant PrY(x)O(y) sensing films
electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor pH-sensor for the detection of urea. Wu MH, Lee CD, Pan TM. Anal
Chim Acta. 2009 Sep 28;651(1):36-41. Epub 2009 Aug 18. PubMed PMID: 19733732.
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Material Safety Data Sheet |
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1 Identification of substance
- Product details
- Trade name Praseodymium metal
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2 Composition/Data on components:
- Chemical characterization:
Designation: (CAS#)
Praseodymium (CAS# 7440-10-0); 100%
- Identification number(s):
- EINECS Number: 231-120-3
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3 Hazards identification
- Hazard designation: · void
- Information pertaining to particular dangers for man and environment
Not applicable
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4 First aid measures
- After inhalation
Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm. Consult doctor if symptoms persist.
Seek immediate medical advice.
- After skin contact
Instantly wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.
Seek immediate medical advice.
- After eye contact
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult doctor.
- After swallowing Seek medical treatment.
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5 Fire fighting measures
- Suitable extinguishing agents
Special powder for metal fires. Do not use water.
- For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents Water.
- Protective equipment:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Wear full protective suit.
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6 Accidental release measures
- Person-related safety precautions:
Wear protective equipment. Keep unprotected persons away.
Ensure adequate ventilation
- Measures for environmental protection:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
- Measures for cleaning/collecting: Collect mechanically.
- Additional information:
See Section 7 for information on safe handling
See section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for information on disposal.
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7 Handling and storage
- Handling
- Information for safe handling:
Keep containers tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
No special precautions necessary if used correctly.
- Information about protection against explosions and fires:
No special measures required.
- Storage
- Requirements to be met by storerooms and containers:
No special requirements.
- Information about storage in one common storage facility:
Do not store together with oxidizing and acidic materials.
Store away from halogens.
- Further information about storage conditions:
Store under dry inert gas.
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
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8 Exposure controls and personal protection
- Additional information about design of technical systems:
Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.
- Components with critical values that require monitoring at the
workplace:
Not required.
- Additional information: No data
- Personal protective equipment
- General protective and hygienic measures
The usual precautionary measures should be adhered to in handling the chemicals.
Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and food.
Instantly remove any soiled and impregnated garments.
Wash hands during breaks and at the end of the work.
- Breathing equipment: Use breathing protection with high concentrations.
- Protection of hands: Impervious gloves
- Eye protection: Safety glasses
- Body protection: Protective work clothing.
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9 Physical and chemical properties:
- General Information
- Form: Solid.
- Colour: Silver-coloured
- Smell: Odourless
- Value/Range Unit Method
- Change in condition
- Melting point/Melting range: 931 ° C
- Boiling point/Boiling range: 3127 ° C
- Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined
- Flash point: Not applicable
- Inflammability (solid, gaseous) Product is not inflammable.
Powder: highly flammable
- Ignition temperature: Not determined
- Decomposition temperature: Not determined
- Danger of explosion: Product is not explosive.
- Critical values for explosion:
- Lower: Not determined
- Upper: Not determined
- Steam pressure: Not determined
- Density at 20 ° C 6.773 g/cm³
- Solubility in / Miscibility with
- Water: Not determined
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10 Stability and reactivity
- Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
No decomposition if used and stored according to specifications.
- Materials to be avoided:
Oxidizing agents
Acids
Halogens
Water/moisture
Air
- Dangerous reactions:
Powder: contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
- Dangerous products of decomposition: Metal oxide
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11 Toxicological information
- Acute toxicity:
- Primary irritant effect:
- on the skin: May cause irritation
- on the eye: May cause irritation
- Sensitization: No sensitizing effect known.
- Additional toxicological information:
To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.
No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.
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12 Ecological information:
- General notes:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Water hazard class 1 (Self-assessment): slightly hazardous for water.
Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities of it to reach ground water, water bodies or sewage system.
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13 Disposal considerations
- Product:
- Recommendation
Consult state, local or national regulations for proper disposal.
Hand over to disposers of hazardous waste.
Must be specially treated under adherence to official regulations.
- Uncleaned packagings:
- Recommendation:
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
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14 Transport information
- Land transport ADR/RID and GGVS/GGVE (cross-border/domestic)
- ADR/RID-GGVS/E Class: None
- Maritime transport IMDG/GGVSea:
- IMDG/GGVSea Class: None
- Air transport ICAO-TI and IATA-DGR:
- ICAO/IATA Class: None
- Transport/Additional information:
Not dangerous according to the above specifications.
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15 Regulatory information
- Designation according to EC guidelines:
Observe the normal safety regulations when handling chemicals
The product is not subject to identification regulations under EC Directives and the Ordinance on Hazardous Materials (GefStoffV).
- National regulations
- Information about limitation of use:
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
- Water hazard class:
Water hazard class 1 (Self-assessment): slightly hazardous for water.
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16 Other information:
Employers should use this information only as a supplement to other information gathered by them, and should make independent judgement of suitability of this information to ensure proper use and protect the health and safety of employees. This information is furnished without warranty, and any use of the product not in conformance with this Material Safety Data Sheet, or in combination with any other product or process, is the responsibility of the user.
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