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Platinum
Platinum information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Platinum is a member of the platinum group of metals. It is highly corrosion resistant and has numerous catalytic applications. These include in petrochemical cracking catalysts, automotive catalytic converters and in the processes used for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The metal does not oxidize in air at any temperature. The metal is extensively used in jewelry, electronic wire, and crucibles for corrosive and high temperature laboratory uses and in many advanced instruments. Platinum compounds have application in medicine. Platinum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder.

Platinum facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are

 

  Hydrogen                                 Helium
  Lithium Beryllium                     Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
  Sodium Magnesium                     Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
  Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Hydrogen Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
  Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
  Cesium Barium Cerium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
                                     
      Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium    
      Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawerencium    


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available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Platinum is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Platinum is a Block D, Group 10, Period 6 element. The electronic configuration is Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1. In its elemental form platinum's CAS number is 7439-88-5. The platinum atom has a radius of 137.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 172.pm.

All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic platinum compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.

Platinum was first discovered by Julius Scaliger in 1735.

French Platine German Platin Italian Platino Portuguese Platina Spanish Platino Swedish Platina

Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of platinum and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.

Isotope
Atomic Mass
% Abundance on Earth
Pt-190
189.959930
0.01
Pt-192
191.961035
0.79
Pt-194
193.962664
32.9
Pt-195
194.964774
33.8
Pt-196
195.964935
25.3
Pt-198
197.967876
7.2

Safety Data. The safety data for platinum metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for platinum (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:

1st Ionization Energy
864.39 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy
1791.07 kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy
- kJ mol-1

Conductivity. As to platinum's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 10.6 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 2.2. The thermal conductivity of platinum is 71.6 W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for platinum are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.

Heat of Fusion
19.7 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization
469 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization
564.42 kJ mol-1

 
Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point
Boiling Point
Vanderwaals radius
Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
Pt 78 195.09 g.mol -1 2.2 21.4 g.cm-3 at 20 °C 1772 °C 3800 °C 172.pm 0.096 nm (+2) 864.39 kJ.mol-1

PRODUCT CATALOG U.S. Operations Submicron & Nanopowder Tolling Ultra High Purity Sputtering Target Crystal Growth Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. Foil
 
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Recent Research & Development for Platinum

  • Catalytic oxidation of dichloromethane and toluene over platinum alumite catalyst. J Hazard Mater. 2008 Jun 15;154(1-3):390-5. Epub 2007 Oct 18.

  • High-LET radiation combined with oxaliplatin induce autophagy in U-87 glioblastoma cells. Cancer Lett. 2008 Jun 8;264(1):63-70. Epub 2008 Mar 10.

  • Phase II trial of biweekly pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in recurrent platinum-refractory ovarian and peritoneal cancer. Anticancer Drugs. 2008 Jun;19(5):541-5.

  • New directions in the management of advanced pancreatic cancer: a review. Anticancer Drugs. 2008 Jun;19(5):435-46.

  • Adsorption of gold(III), platinum(IV) and palladium(II) onto glycine modified crosslinked chitosan resin. Bioresour Technol. 2008 Jun;99(9):3801-9. Epub 2007 Aug 14.

  • In vitro evaluation of the effects of gefitinib on the modulation of cytotoxic activity of selected anticancer agents in a panel of human ovarian cancer cell lines. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008 Jun;62(1):51-8. Epub 2007 Sep 12.

  • A phase II study of patients with metastatic or locoregionally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma and evaluation of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA as a biomarker of efficacy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008 Jun;62(1):59-64. Epub 2007 Aug 29.

  • Peripheral nerve damage associated with administration of taxanes in patients with cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2008 Jun;66(3):218-28. Epub 2008 Mar 7.

  • Palliative chemotherapy in elderly patients with common metastatic malignancies: A Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group registry analysis of management, outcome and clinical benefit predictors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2008 Jun;66(3):237-47. Epub 2008 Feb 1.

  • Increases in cholinergic neurotransmission measured by using choline-sensitive microelectrodes: Enhanced detection by hydrolysis of acetylcholine on recording sites? Neurochem Int. 2008 Jun;52(7):1343-50. Epub 2008 Feb 14.

  • A new optical/electrochemical Na(+) sensor based on platinum(ii) complexes containing crown ether annelated dithiolate ligands. Dalton Trans. 2008 May 21;(19):2578-82. Epub 2008 Mar 25.

  • Impedimetric approach for quantifying low bacteria concentrations based on the changes produced in the electrode-solution interface during the pre-attachment stage. Biosens Bioelectron. 2008 May 15;23(10):1540-6. Epub 2008 Jan 17.

  • Degradation of Bidentate-Coordinated Platinum(II)-Based DNA Intercalators by Reduced l-Glutathione. J Med Chem. 2008 May 8;51(9):2787-94. Epub 2008 Apr 16.

  • Synthesis of silica/carbon-encapsulated core-shell spheres: templates for other unique core-shell structures and applications in in situ loading of noble-metal nanoparticles. Langmuir. 2008 May 6;24(9):5024-8. Epub 2008 Mar 26.

  • Speciation of inorganic platinum-chloride complexes in spiked environmental samples by SPE and ICP-AES. Anal Chim Acta. 2008 May 5;614(2):119-26. Epub 2008 Mar 27.

  • Importance of Platinum(II)-Assisted Platinum(IV) Substitution for the Oxidation of Guanosine Derivatives by Platinum(IV) Complexes. Inorg Chem. 2008 May 5;47(9):3920. Epub 2008 Apr 5. No abstract available.

  • Three-Fold Intramolecular Ring-Closing Metatheses Involving Square-Planar Platinum Complexes with cis-Phosphorus Donor Ligands: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of Parachute-like Complexes. Inorg Chem. 2008 May 5;47(9):3474-6. Epub 2008 Apr 2.

  • Spectral Evidence and DFT Calculations on the Formation of Bis(2,2'-bipyridine)platinum(II)-N-Base Adducts. Inorg Chem. 2008 May 5;47(9):3477-9. Epub 2008 Apr 2.

  • Luminescent One- And Two-Dimensional Extended Structures and a Loosely Associated Dimer Based on Platinum(II)-Thallium(I) Backbones. Inorg Chem. 2008 May 5;47(9):3651-60. Epub 2008 Apr 2.

  • Synthesis and Ion-Binding Studies of a Platinum(II) Terpyridine Complex with Crown Ether Pendant. X-ray Crystal Structure of [Pt(trpy)(S-benzo-15-crown-5)]PF6. Inorg Chem. 2008 May 5;47(9):3920. Epub 2008 Apr 1. No abstract available.

 

 

 

 

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