Platinum Palladium Gold Alloy is one of numerous metal alloys sold by American Elements under the tradename AE AlloysT . Platinum Palladium Gold Alloy powder is used in brazing alloys. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Platinum Palladium Gold Alloy powder with the smallest possible average grain sizes for use in preparation of pressed and bonded sputtering targets and in Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Metallic-Organic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Powders are also useful in any application where high surface areas are desired such as water treatment and in fuel cell and solar applications. Nanoparticles (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots ) also produce very high surface areas. Our standard Powder particle sizes average in the range of - 325 mesh, - 100 mesh, 10-50 microns and submicron (< 1 micron). We can also provide many materials in the nanoscale range.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. We also produce Platinum as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Platinum is a Block D, Group 10, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Platinum's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1. In its elemental form platinum's CAS number is 7440-06-4. The platinum atom has a radius of 137.3.pm and it's Van derWaals radius is 172.pm. Platinum is not toxic. Platinum is a member of the platinum group of metals. It is highly corrosion resistant and has numerous catalytic applications. These include in petrochemical cracking catalysts, automotive catalytic converters and in the processes used for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The metal does not oxidize in air at any temperature. The metal is extensively used in jewelry, electronic wire, and crucibles for corrosive and high temperature laboratory uses and in many advanced instruments. Platinum compounds have application in medicine. Platinum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Platinum was first discovered by Julius Scaliger in 1735. The origin of the name comes from the Spanish word platina meaning silver. See Platinum research below. Platinum compounds have application in medicine. Platinum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder.
Palladium is a Block D, Group 10, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Palladium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10. In its elemental form palladium's CAS number is 7440-05-3. The palladium atom has a radius of 137.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 163.pm. Palladium is a member of the palladium group of metals. It is an excellent hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalyst and available in many Organo-metallic forms for this purpose. It is alloyed with gold, silver, iridium and other palladium group elements and used in jewelry. The metal is used in dentistry, watch making, and in making surgical instruments and electrical contacts. Palladium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Palladium was first discovered by William Hyde Wollaston in 1803. See Palladium research below. Palladium was first discovered by William Hyde Wollaston in 1803. See Palladium research below.
Gold is a Block D, Group 11, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Gold's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f142 5d10 6s1. In its elemental form gold's CAS number is 7440-57-5. The gold atom has a radius of 144.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 166.pm. Gold is not toxic. Gold is a soft metal and is usually alloyed to give it more strength. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is unaffected by air and most reagents. It is used in coinage and is a standard for monetary systems. It is also extensively used for jewelry, dental work, and for plating It is used for coating certain space satellites, as it is a good reflector of infrared and is inert. One area that has seen significant growth is the use of gold in electronics, particularly within telecommunications, information technology and safety critical applications. Similarly, within computers there are usually gold-plated edge connectors. Gold bonding wires are used extensively within semiconductor packages, gold thick film inks are applied in the fabrication of hybrid circuits and gold's excellent solder wetting properties are used to form a very thin protective layer on copper laminate printed circuit boards. Gold was first discovered by Early Man c.a. 3000. The element name originated from the Latin word 'aurum' meaning gold. See Gold research below.
A new
[(1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane]platinum(II) complex: formation by
nitrate-acetonitrile ligand exchange. Pa?out R, Housková J, Dusek M, Maixner J, Cibulková J, Kacer P. Acta Crystallogr C. 2010 Oct 15;66(Pt
10):m273-m275. Epub 2010 Sep 4. PubMed PMID: 20921601.
Platinum-based chemotherapy in
metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: the Institut Curie experience. Staudacher L, Cottu PH, Diéras V, Vincent-Salomon A, Guilhaume MN, Escalup L,
Dorval T, Beuzeboc P, Mignot L, Pierga JY. Ann
Oncol. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20924076.
New reactions
of anticancer-platinum complexes and their intriguing behaviour under various
experimental conditions. Alemán J, Del Solar V, Cubo L, Quiroga AG, Navarro Ranninger C. Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20922260.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with splenic and cystic liver metastases in a pediatric
patient: 18F-FDG PET-CT findings. Radhakrishnan V, Thulkar S, Karunanithi S, Tanveer N, Bakhshi S. Pediatr Radiol. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20922367.
Preparation of large thermally stable platinum
nanocubes by using solvent-thermal reaction. Shen Z, Matsuki Y, Shimoda T. Chem Commun (Camb). 2010 Oct 4.
[Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20922214.
Platinum-free tungsten carbides as
an efficient counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cells. Jang JS, Ham DJ, Ramasamy E, Lee J, Lee JS. Chem Commun
(Camb). 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20890501.
Complexation and Extraction of PAHs to the Aqueous Phase with a Dinuclear
Pt(II) Diazapyrenium-Based Metallacycle. Blanco V, García MD, Terenzi A, Pía E, Fernández-Mato A, Peinador C, Quintela
JM. Chemistry. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20922724.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in
Zn(II)porphyrin-Bridge-Pt(II)acetylide Complexes: Variation in Rate with
Anchoring Group and Position of the Bridge. Go¨ransson E, Boixel J, Monnereau C, Blart E, Pellegrin Y, Becker HC,
Hammarstro¨m L, Odobel F. Inorg Chem. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead
of print] PubMed PMID: 20919727.
Engineered Biocompatible Nanoparticles for in Vivo Imaging Applications. Chen S, Wang L, Duce SL, Brown S, Lee S, Melzer A, Cuschieri SA, Andre´ P. J Am
Chem Soc. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20919679.
Electrochemical absorption and
oxidation of hydrogen on palladium alloys with platinum, gold and rhodium. Lukaszewski M, Hubkowska K, Czerwinski A. Phys
Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20890504.
Engineering of self-assembled nanoparticle platform for precisely
controlled combination drug therapy. Kolishetti N, Dhar S, Valencia PM, Lin LQ, Karnik R, Lippard SJ, Langer R,
Farokhzad OC. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20921363.
Early versus delayed treatment of relapsed ovarian cancer
(MRC OV05/EORTC 55955): a randomised trial. Rustin GJ, van der Burg ME, Griffin CL, Guthrie D, Lamont A, Jayson GC,
Kristensen G, Mediola C, Coens C, Qian W, Parmar MK, Swart AM; MRC OV05; EORTC
55955 investigators. Lancet. 2010 Oct 2;376(9747):1155-63.
PubMed PMID: 20888993.
Dielectric properties of
(Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films with varied microstructures prepared by the chemical
solution deposition method for thin-film capacitors and ferroelectric varactors.
Kageyama K, Hosokura T, Nakaiso T, Takagi H. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2010 Oct;57(10):2198-204. PubMed
PMID: 20889405.
Targeting Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Cancer Stem Cells in
Ovarian Cancer. Landen CN, Goodman BW, Katre AA, Steg AD, Nick AM, Stone R, Miller L,
Vivas-Mejia PE, Jennings NB, Gershenson DM, Bast RC Jr, Coleman RL,
Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK. Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20889728.
Microflow injection chemiluminescence system with
spiral microchannel for the determination of cisplatin in human serum. Wang X, Yin X, Cheng H. Anal Chim
Acta. 2010 Sep 30;678(2):135-9. Epub 2010 Aug 13. PubMed PMID: 20888444.
Phase III
Study of Radiation Therapy With or Without Cis-Platinum in Patients with
Unresectable Squamous or Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: An
Intergroup Trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E2382). Quon H, Leong T, Haselow R, Leipzig B, Cooper J, Forastiere A. Int J Radiat
Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Sep 30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20888709.
Importance of backdonation in
[M-(CO)]p+ complexes isoelectronic to [Au-(CO)]+. Gourlaouen C, Parisel O, Piquemal JP. J Chem Phys. 2010 Sep
28;133(12):124310. PubMed PMID: 20886935.
Long-term cardiovascular risk following
platinum-based chemotherapy for germ cell tumors. Evans C, Williams M, Mazhar D. Future Oncol. 2010
Sep;6(9):1365-8. PubMed PMID: 20919820.
Coating of tips for electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy
by means of silicon, magnesium, and tungsten oxides. Salerno M. Rev Sci Instrum. 2010
Sep;81(9):093703. PubMed PMID: 20886983.
Targeted agents in ovarian cancer. Kristedja TS, Morgan RJ, Cristea M. Womens
Health (Lond Engl). 2010 Sep;6(5):679-94. PubMed PMID: 20887168.
Recent Research & Development for Palladium
Complexation and Extraction of PAHs to the Aqueous Phase with a Dinuclear
Pt(II) Diazapyrenium-Based Metallacycle. Blanco V, García MD, Terenzi A, Pía E, Fernández-Mato A, Peinador C, Quintela
JM. Chemistry. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20922724.
Electrochemical absorption and
oxidation of hydrogen on palladium alloys with platinum, gold and rhodium. Lukaszewski M, Hubkowska K, Czerwinski A. Phys
Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20890504.
Palladium sensitization in the
United States: dermatology and dentistry connection. Pigatto PD, Spadari F, Bombeccari G, Guzzi G. Dermatitis. 2010
Oct;21(5):297-8. PubMed PMID: 20920421.
Palladium-Catalyzed
[1,3]-O-to-C Rearrangement of Pyrans toward Functionalized Cyclohexanones. Brioche JC, Barker TA, Whatrup DJ, Barker MD, Harrity JP. Org
Lett. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20886864.
A General Strategy Toward
Aromatic 1,2-Ambiphilic Synthons: Palladium-Catalyzed ortho-Halogenation of
PyDipSi-Arenes. Dudnik AS, Chernyak N, Huang C, Gevorgyan V. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2010 Sep 30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20886495.
Design, synthesis, and subtype selectivity of
3,6-disubstituted ß-carbolines at Bz/GABA(A)ergic receptors. SAR and studies
directed toward agents for treatment of alcohol abuse. Yin W, Majumder S, Clayton T, Petrou S, Vanlinn ML, Namjoshi OA, Ma C, Cromer
BA, Roth BL, Platt DM, Cook JM. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Sep
29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20888240.
Synthesis of a Solid-Phase Amino
Imidazotriazine Library via Palladium Catalyzed Direct Arylation. Maechling S, Good J, Lindell SD. J Comb Chem.
2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20879771.
Preparation of a Catalytic Membrane Reactor with
Palladium Nanoparticles Supported by a Packed-Bed Silica Nanosupporter for
Gas-Phase Methanol Oxidation. Lee KJ, Min SH, Jang J. Small. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20882558.
Mechanistically Driven Development of Iridium
Catalysts for Asymmetric Allylic Substitution. Hartwig JF, Stanley LM. Acc Chem Res. 2010 Sep 28. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20873839.
On the Mechanism of
Palladium-Catalyzed Aromatic C-H Oxidation. Powers DC, Xiao DY, Geibel MA, Ritter T. J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Sep 28. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20873835.
Palladium-Catalyzed
Decarboxylative Couplings of 2-(2-Azaaryl)acetates with Aryl Halides and
Triflates. Shang R, Yang ZW, Wang Y, Zhang SL, Liu L. J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20873805.
Efficient stochastic
thermostatting of path integral molecular dynamics. Ceriotti M, Parrinello M, Markland TE, Manolopoulos DE. J Chem Phys. 2010 Sep
28;133(12):124104. PubMed PMID: 20886921.
A Reductive-Coupling plus Nazarov Cyclization
Sequence in the Asymmetric Synthesis of Five-Membered Carbocycles. Kerr DJ, White JM, Flynn BL. J Org Chem.
2010 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20873806.
Incorporation of Pd into Au(111): enhanced
electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Schäfer PJ, Kibler LA. Phys Chem Chem
Phys. 2010 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20877870.
Palladium-catalyzed
annulations of arynes with 2-(2-iodophenoxy)-1-substituted ethanones. Li RJ, Pi SF, Liang Y, Wang ZQ, Song RJ, Chen GX, Li JH. Chem Commun
(Camb). 2010 Sep 27. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20871908.
Umpolung Direct Arylation
Reactions: Facile Process Requiring Only Catalytic Palladium and
Substoichiometric Amount of Silver Salts. Mousseau JJ, Valle´e F, Lorion MM, Charette AB. J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Sep 27. [Epub ahead
of print] PubMed PMID: 20873750.
Hydrogen-Induced Reversible Insulator-Metal
Transition in a Palladium Nanosphere Sensor. Zou J, Iyer KS, Raston CL. Small. 2010 Sep 27. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20878635.
Rapid Assembly of Resorcylic Acid Lactone
Frameworks through Sequential Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions. Fuse S, Sugiyama S, Takahashi T. Chem Asian
J. 2010 Sep 24. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20872399.
Evaluation of
thiouracil-based adhesive systems for bonding cast silver-palladium-copper-gold
alloy. Yamashita M, Koizumi H, Ishii T, Furuchi M, Matsumura H. J Oral Sci. 2010;52(3):405-10. PubMed PMID: 20881333.
Recent Research & Development for Gold
Autogenous bone: is it still the gold standard? Misch CM. Implant Dent. 2010
Oct;19(5):361. PubMed PMID: 20881805.
Late gadolinium enhancement of acute
myocardial infarction in mice at 7T: Cine-FLASH versus inversion recovery. Protti A, Sirker A, Shah AM, Botnar R. J Magn
Reson Imaging. 2010 Oct;32(4):878-86. PubMed PMID: 20882618.
Magnetic resonance
imaging near metal implants. Koch KM, Hargreaves BA, Pauly KB, Chen W, Gold GE, King KF. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010 Oct;32(4):773-87. PubMed
PMID: 20882607.
Detection of depression in
older adults by family and friends: distinguishing mood disorder signals from the
noise of personality and everyday life. Duberstein PR, Ma Y, Chapman BP, Conwell Y, McGriff J, Coyne JC, Franus N,
Heisel MJ, Kaukeinen KA, Sörensen S, Tu XM, Lyness JM. Int Psychogeriatr. 2010 Sep 30:1-10.
[Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20880426.
Children's Oncology Group. Outcome after reduced chemotherapy for
intermediate-risk neuroblastoma. Baker DL, Schmidt ML, Cohn SL, Maris JM, London WB, Buxton A, Stram D,
Castleberry RP, Shimada H, Sandler A, Shamberger RC, Look AT, Reynolds CP, Seeger
RC, Matthay KK. N Engl J Med. 2010 Sep 30;363(14):1313-23.
PubMed PMID: 20879880.
Luminescent quantum
clusters of gold in transferrin family protein, lactoferrin exhibiting FRET. Xavier PL, Chaudhari K, Verma PK, Pal SK, Pradeep T.
Nanoscale. 2010 Sep 30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20882247.
Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and the place of
teriflunomide. Gold R, Wolinsky JS. Acta Neurol Scand. 2010 Sep 29. doi:
10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01444.x. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20880295.
Diagnosing
Periprosthetic Infection: False-positive Intraoperative Gram Stains. Oethinger M, Warner DK, Schindler SA, Kobayashi H, Bauer TW. Clin Orthop
Relat Res. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20882377.
Current molecular and emerging
nanobiotechnology approaches for the detection of microbial pathogens. Theron J, Eugene Cloete T, de Kwaadsteniet M. Crit Rev
Microbiol. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20879848.
Magnetically Powered
Flexible Metal Nanowire Motors. Gao W, Sattayasamitsathit S, Manesh KM, Weihs D, Wang J. J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PubMed PMID: 20879711.
Food Group Diversity Indicators
Derived from Qualitative List-Based Questionnaire Misreported Some Foods Compared
to Same Indicators Derived from Quantitative 24-Hour Recall in Urban Burkina
Faso. Martin-Prevel Y, Becquey E, Arimond M. J Nutr. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20881076.
Detuned Electrical Dipoles for Plasmonic Sensing. Evlyukhin AB, Bozhevolnyi SI, Pors A, Nielsen MG, Radko IP, Willatzen M,
Albrektsen O. Nano Lett. 2010
Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20879722.
Arylsilanes: Application to
Gold-Catalyzed Oxyarylation of Alkenes. Ball LT, Green M, Lloyd-Jones GC, Russell CA. Org Lett. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20879724.
Prevalence and variability of internal
mammary graft use in contemporary multivessel coronary artery bypass graft. Schmitto JD, Rajab TK, Cohn LH. Curr
Opin Cardiol. 2010 Sep 24. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20881486.
Comparison of Commercial ELISA Blood Tests
for Early Pregnancy Detection in Dairy Cows. Piechotta M, Bollwein J, Friedrich M, Heilkenbrinker T, Passavant C, Branen
J, Sasser G, Hoedemaker M, Bollwein H. J Reprod Dev. 2010 Sep 24. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20881353.
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Platinum is a Block D, Group 10, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Platinum's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1. In its elemental form platinum's CAS number is 7440-06-4. The platinum atom has a radius of 137.3.pm and it's Van derWaals radius is 172.pm. Platinum is not toxic. Platinum is a member of the platinum group of metals. It is highly corrosion resistant and has numerous catalytic applications. These include in petrochemical cracking catalysts, automotive catalytic converters and in the processes used for proton exchange membrane 
not oxidize in air at any
temperature. The metal is extensively used in jewelry, electronic wire, and crucibles for corrosive and high temperature laboratory uses and in many advanced instruments. Platinum compounds have application in medicine. Platinum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Platinum was first discovered by Julius Scaliger in 1735. The origin of the name comes from the Spanish word platina meaning silver. See Platinum research below. Platinum compounds have application in medicine. Platinum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder.
Palladium is a Block D, Group 10, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Palladium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10. In its elemental form palladium's CAS number is 7440-05-3. The palladium atom has a radius of 137.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 163.pm. Palladium is a member of the palladium group of metals. It is an excellent hydrogenation and 
dehydrogenation
catalyst and available in many Organo-metallic forms for this purpose. It is alloyed with gold, silver, iridium and other palladium group elements and used in jewelry. The metal is used in dentistry, watch making, and in making surgical instruments and electrical contacts. Palladium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Palladium was first discovered by William Hyde Wollaston in 1803. See Palladium research below. Palladium was first discovered by William Hyde Wollaston in 1803. See Palladium research below.
Gold is a Block D, Group 11, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Gold's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f142 5d10 6s1. In its elemental form gold's CAS number is 7440-57-5. The gold atom has a radius of 144.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 166.pm. Gold is not toxic. Gold is a soft metal and is usually alloyed to give it more strength. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is unaffected by air and most reagents. It is used in coinage and is a standard for monetary systems. It is also extensively used for jewelry, dental work, 
and for plating It is used for coating certain space satellites, as it 
is a good reflector of infrared and is inert. One area that has seen significant growth is the use of gold in electronics, particularly within telecommunications, information technology and safety critical applications. Similarly, within computers there are usually gold-plated edge connectors. Gold bonding wires are used extensively within semiconductor packages, gold thick film inks are applied in the fabrication of hybrid circuits and gold's excellent solder wetting properties are used to form a very thin protective layer on copper laminate printed circuit boards. Gold was first discovered by Early Man c.a. 3000. The element name originated from the Latin word 'aurum' meaning gold. See Gold research below.
