American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Platinum Phosphide Sputtering targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Platinum as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Platinum is a Block D, Group 10, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Platinum's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1. In its elemental form platinum's CAS number is 7440-06-4. The platinum atom has a radius of 137.3.pm and it's Van derWaals radius is 172.pm. Platinum is not toxic. Platinum is a member of the platinum group of metals. It is highly corrosion resistant and has numerous catalytic applications. These include in petrochemical cracking catalysts, automotive catalytic converters and in the processes used for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The metal does not oxidize in air at any temperature. The metal is extensively used in jewelry, electronic wire, and crucibles for corrosive and high temperature laboratory uses and in many advanced instruments. Platinum compounds have application in medicine. Platinum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Platinum was first discovered by Julius Scaliger in 1735. The origin of the name comes from the Spanish word platina meaning silver. See Platinum research below.
Phosphorus is a Block P, Group 15, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Phosphorus's shells is 2, 8, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p3. In its elemental form Phosphorus's CAS number is 7723-14-0. The Phosphorus atom has a radius of 110.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180.pm. Although white phosphorus is very toxic, red phosphorus is not considered toxic. Phosphorus information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
American Elements semi conducting materials are crystal structures produced from ultra high purity starting materials synthesized by our high purity production facility which includes several large electric muffle furnaces, a tube furnace for hydrogen reduction, 50 gallon glass-lined Pfaudler reactors supported by our analytical laboratory containing X-ray diffraction, SEM, AA, BET surface area, and ICP Spectrometry for trace metals analysis. See a discussion of American Elements Ultra High Purity and Analytical capabilities. See Crystal Growth for processes used to fabricate semiconductor materials, which include:
Crystal "pulling" by the Czochaiski method for production of semiconductor materials
Flux growth and gradient freeze
Directional solidification of fluorites using both the Bridgman-Stockbarger and float zoning techniques
Search by Material, Product Name, Product Code, CAS Number, Formula, Element, Anion, Form, EC Number, MDL Number or PubChem ID.
A new
[(1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane]platinum(II) complex: formation by
nitrate-acetonitrile ligand exchange. Pa?out R, Housková J, Dusek M, Maixner J, Cibulková J, Kacer P. Acta Crystallogr C. 2010 Oct 15;66(Pt
10):m273-m275. Epub 2010 Sep 4. PubMed PMID: 20921601.
Platinum-based chemotherapy in
metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: the Institut Curie experience. Staudacher L, Cottu PH, Diéras V, Vincent-Salomon A, Guilhaume MN, Escalup L,
Dorval T, Beuzeboc P, Mignot L, Pierga JY. Ann
Oncol. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20924076.
New reactions
of anticancer-platinum complexes and their intriguing behaviour under various
experimental conditions. Alemán J, Del Solar V, Cubo L, Quiroga AG, Navarro Ranninger C. Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20922260.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with splenic and cystic liver metastases in a pediatric
patient: 18F-FDG PET-CT findings. Radhakrishnan V, Thulkar S, Karunanithi S, Tanveer N, Bakhshi S. Pediatr Radiol. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20922367.
Preparation of large thermally stable platinum
nanocubes by using solvent-thermal reaction. Shen Z, Matsuki Y, Shimoda T. Chem Commun (Camb). 2010 Oct 4.
[Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20922214.
Platinum-free tungsten carbides as
an efficient counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cells. Jang JS, Ham DJ, Ramasamy E, Lee J, Lee JS. Chem Commun
(Camb). 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20890501.
Complexation and Extraction of PAHs to the Aqueous Phase with a Dinuclear
Pt(II) Diazapyrenium-Based Metallacycle. Blanco V, García MD, Terenzi A, Pía E, Fernández-Mato A, Peinador C, Quintela
JM. Chemistry. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20922724.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in
Zn(II)porphyrin-Bridge-Pt(II)acetylide Complexes: Variation in Rate with
Anchoring Group and Position of the Bridge. Go?ransson E, Boixel J, Monnereau C, Blart E, Pellegrin Y, Becker HC,
Hammarstro?m L, Odobel F. Inorg Chem. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead
of print] PubMed PMID: 20919727.
Engineered Biocompatible Nanoparticles for in Vivo Imaging Applications. Chen S, Wang L, Duce SL, Brown S, Lee S, Melzer A, Cuschieri SA, Andre? P. J Am
Chem Soc. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20919679.
Electrochemical absorption and
oxidation of hydrogen on palladium alloys with platinum, gold and rhodium. Lukaszewski M, Hubkowska K, Czerwinski A. Phys
Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20890504.
Engineering of self-assembled nanoparticle platform for precisely
controlled combination drug therapy. Kolishetti N, Dhar S, Valencia PM, Lin LQ, Karnik R, Lippard SJ, Langer R,
Farokhzad OC. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20921363.
Early versus delayed treatment of relapsed ovarian cancer
(MRC OV05/EORTC 55955): a randomised trial. Rustin GJ, van der Burg ME, Griffin CL, Guthrie D, Lamont A, Jayson GC,
Kristensen G, Mediola C, Coens C, Qian W, Parmar MK, Swart AM; MRC OV05; EORTC
55955 investigators. Lancet. 2010 Oct 2;376(9747):1155-63.
PubMed PMID: 20888993.
Dielectric properties of
(Ba,Sr)TiO? thin films with varied microstructures prepared by the chemical
solution deposition method for thin-film capacitors and ferroelectric varactors.
Kageyama K, Hosokura T, Nakaiso T, Takagi H. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2010 Oct;57(10):2198-204. PubMed
PMID: 20889405.
Targeting Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Cancer Stem Cells in
Ovarian Cancer. Landen CN, Goodman BW, Katre AA, Steg AD, Nick AM, Stone R, Miller L,
Vivas-Mejia PE, Jennings NB, Gershenson DM, Bast RC Jr, Coleman RL,
Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK. Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20889728.
Microflow injection chemiluminescence system with
spiral microchannel for the determination of cisplatin in human serum. Wang X, Yin X, Cheng H. Anal Chim
Acta. 2010 Sep 30;678(2):135-9. Epub 2010 Aug 13. PubMed PMID: 20888444.
Phase III
Study of Radiation Therapy With or Without Cis-Platinum in Patients with
Unresectable Squamous or Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: An
Intergroup Trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E2382). Quon H, Leong T, Haselow R, Leipzig B, Cooper J, Forastiere A. Int J Radiat
Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Sep 30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20888709.
Importance of backdonation in
[M-(CO)]p+ complexes isoelectronic to [Au-(CO)]+. Gourlaouen C, Parisel O, Piquemal JP. J Chem Phys. 2010 Sep
28;133(12):124310. PubMed PMID: 20886935.
Long-term cardiovascular risk following
platinum-based chemotherapy for germ cell tumors. Evans C, Williams M, Mazhar D. Future Oncol. 2010
Sep;6(9):1365-8. PubMed PMID: 20919820.
Coating of tips for electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy
by means of silicon, magnesium, and tungsten oxides. Salerno M. Rev Sci Instrum. 2010
Sep;81(9):093703. PubMed PMID: 20886983.
Targeted agents in ovarian cancer. Kristedja TS, Morgan RJ, Cristea M. Womens
Health (Lond Engl). 2010 Sep;6(5):679-94. PubMed PMID: 20887168.
Consumption of whole
grains is associated with improved diet quality and nutrient intake in children
and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004.
O'Neil CE, Nicklas TA, Zanovec M, Cho SS, Kleinman R. Public Health Nutr. 2010 Oct 6:1-9. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20923597.
Chemical and microbiological changes during
vermicomposting of coffee pulp using exotic (Eudrilus eugeniae) and native
earthworm (Perionyx ceylanesis) species. Raphael K, Velmourougane K. Biodegradation. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead
of print] PubMed PMID: 20922463.
Synthesis, structure,
and reductive elimination in the series Tp'Rh(PR(3))(Ar(F))H; Determination of
rhodium-carbon bond energies of fluoroaryl substituents. Tanabe T, Brennessel WW, Clot E, Eisenstein O, Jones WD. Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct
5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20924525.
Nutrient concentrations in Maryland non-tidal
streams. Morgan RP 2nd, Kline KM. Environ Monit Assess. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20890788.
Hereditary disorders of renal
phosphate wasting. Alizadeh Naderi AS, Reilly RF; Medscape. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20924400.
New Synthesis of 3-Trifluoromethylpyrroles by
Condensation of Mesoionic 4-Trifluoroacetyl-1,3-oxazolium-5-olates with
Phosphorus Ylides. Saijo R, Hagimoto Y, Kawase M. Org Lett. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20923166.
Structural and electronic properties of
luminescent copper(i) halide complexes of bis[2-(diphenylphosphano)phenyl] ether
(DPEphos). Crystal structure of [CuCl(DPEphos)(dmpymtH]. Aslanidis P, Cox PJ, Tsipis AC. Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct
4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20922239.
Changes in
Microbial Community Structure and Function of Drinking Water Treatment
Bioreactors Upon Phosphorus Addition. Li X, Upadhyaya G, Yuen W, Brown J, Morgenroth E, Raskin L. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20889793.
Determination of a set
of surrogate parameters to assess urban stormwater quality. Miguntanna NS, Egodawatta P, Kokot S, Goonetilleke A. Sci Total Environ.
2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20888615.
A review on the effects of environmental conditions on growth and toxin
production of Ostreopsis ovata. Pistocchi R, Pezzolesi L, Guerrini F, Vanucci S, Dell'aversano C, Fattorusso
E. Toxicon. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20920514.
Tenofovir-associated severe bone pain: I cannot walk! Jhaveri MA, Mawad HW, Thornton AC, Mullen NW, Greenberg RN. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS
Care (Chic Ill). 2010 Sep-Oct;9(5):328-34. PubMed PMID: 20923957.
Characteristics of contaminants in water and
sediment of a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater effluent. Lee S, Maniquiz MC, Kim LH. J Environ
Sci (China). 2010;22(6):940-5. PubMed PMID: 20923110.
Effect of a seasonal diffuse pollution migration on
natural organic matter behavior in a stratified dam reservoir. Yu SJ, Lee JY, Ha SR. J Environ Sci
(China). 2010;22(6):908-14. PubMed PMID: 20923105.
Water-saving
irrigation of paddy field to reduce nutrient runoff. Hitomi T, Iwamoto Y, Miura A, Hamada K, Takaki K, Shiratani E. J Environ Sci (China).
2010;22(6):885-91. PubMed PMID: 20923101.
Scenario
analysis for reduction of pollutant load discharged from a watershed by recycling
of treated water for irrigation. Shiratani E, Munakata Y, Yoshinaga I, Kubota T, Hamada K, Hitomi T. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):878-84. PubMed
PMID: 20923100.
Modeling the effects of constructed wetland
on nonpoint source pollution control and reservoir water quality improvement. Ham J, Yoon CG, Kim HJ, Kim HC. J
Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):834-9. PubMed PMID: 20923093.
Evaluation of non-point source
pollution reduction by applying best management practices using a SWAT model and
QuickBird high resolution satellite imagery. Lee M, Park G, Park M, Park J, Lee J, Kim S. J Environ Sci (China).
2010;22(6):826-33. PubMed PMID: 20923092.
Understanding nutrient
build-up on urban road surfaces. Miguntanna NP, Goonetilleke A, Egodowatta P, Kokot S. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):806-12. PubMed
PMID: 20923089.
Monitoring of non-point source pollutants
load from a mixed forest land use. Yoon SW, Chung SW, Oh DG, Lee JW. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):801-5.
PubMed PMID: 20923088.
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Platinum Phosphide Sputtering targets with the highest possible density 
and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Platinum as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Platinum is a Block D, Group 10, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Platinum's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1. In its elemental form platinum's CAS number is 7440-06-4. The platinum atom has a radius of 137.3.pm and it's Van derWaals radius is 172.pm. Platinum is not toxic. Platinum is a member of the platinum group of metals. It is highly corrosion resistant and has numerous catalytic applications. These include in petrochemical cracking catalysts, automotive catalytic converters and in the processes used for proton exchange membrane 
not oxidize in air at any
temperature. The metal is extensively used in jewelry, electronic wire, and crucibles for corrosive and high temperature laboratory uses and in many advanced instruments. Platinum compounds have application in medicine. Platinum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Platinum was first discovered by Julius Scaliger in 1735. The origin of the name comes from the Spanish word platina meaning silver. See Platinum research below.
Phosphorus is a Block P, Group 15, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Phosphorus's shells is 2, 8, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p3. In its elemental form Phosphorus's CAS number is 7723-14-0. The Phosphorus atom has a radius of 110.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180.pm. Although white phosphorus is very toxic, red phosphorus is not considered toxic. Phosphorus information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
