Rubidium Sulfide is a moderately water and acid soluble Rubidium source for uses compatible with sulfates. Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar energy materials and fuel cells. Rubidium Sulfide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Rubidium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Rubidium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 5s1. In its elemental form rubidium 's CAS number is 7440-17-7. The rubidium atom has a radius of 247.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Rubidium is not toxic. Rubidium has various applications in medicine and in photoelectronics. Rubidium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is used in photo and detection cells production. Rubidium glass compositions have the highest room temperature conductivity. It has been used as a "getter" in vacuum tubes. Rubidium was first discovered by Robert Wilhem Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in 1861. The name Rubidium, originates from the Latin word 'Rubidius' which means dark or deepest red. See Rubidium research below.
Sulfur is a Block P, Group 16, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Sulfur's shells is 2, 8, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ne]3s2 3p4. In its elemental form sulfur's CAS number is 7704-34-9. The sulfur atom has a radius of 100pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180pm. Sulfur is a crucial element for all life and serves as both fuels and respiratory (oxygen-replacing) materials for simple organisms. In nature, sulfur can be found in hot springs, meteorites, volcanoes, and as galena, gypsum, Epsom salts, and barite. Sulfur, when organically bonded, is a component of all proteins, as the amino acids methionine and cysteine. In organic form, Sulfur is present in the vitamins thiamine and biotin. Sulfur is also a vital part of many enzymes and also in antioxidant molecules like glutathione and thioredoxin.Sulfur is available as compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). Sulfur has been known since ancient times but was not accepted as an element until 1777. Antoine Lavoisier helped to convince the scientific commuity that sulfus is an element and not a compound. See Sulfur research below.
American Elements semi conducting materials are crystal structures produced from ultra high purity starting materials synthesized by our high purity production facility which includes several large electric muffle furnaces, a tube furnace for hydrogen reduction, 50 gallon glass-lined Pfaudler reactors supported by our analytical laboratory containing X-ray diffraction, SEM, AA, BET surface area, and ICP Spectrometry for trace metals analysis. See a discussion of American Elements Ultra High Purity and Analytical capabilities. See Crystal Growth for processes used to fabricate semiconductor materials, which include:
Crystal "pulling" by the Czochaiski method for production of semiconductor materials
Flux growth and gradient freeze
Directional solidification of fluorites using both the Bridgman-Stockbarger and float zoning
techniques
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Real-time monitoring of continuous-wave terahertz radiation using a fiber-based, terahertz-comb-referenced spectrum analyzer. Yasui T, Nakamura R, Kawamoto K, Ihara A, Fujimoto Y, Yokoyama S, Inaba H, Minoshima K, Nagatsuma T, Araki T. Opt Express. 2009 Sep 14;17(19):17034-43. doi: 10.1364/OE.17.017034. PMID: 19770921 [PubMed - in process]
Inhibition of Biliverdin Reductase Increases Angiotensin II-Dependent Superoxide Levels in Cultured Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Young SC, Storm MV, Speed JS, Kelsen S, Tiller CV, Vera T, Drummond HA, Stec DE. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009 Sep 16. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19759334 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Laser cooling by collisional redistribution of radiation. Vogl U, Weitz M. Nature. 2009 Sep 3;461(7260):70-3. PMID: 19727195 [PubMed - in process]
Charging properties of cassiterite (alpha-SnO(2)) surfaces in NaCl and RbCl ionic media. Rosenqvist J, Machesky ML, Vlcek L, Cummings PT, Wesolowski DJ. Langmuir. 2009 Sep 15;25(18):10852-62. PMID: 19673509 [PubMed - in process]
Synthesis and characterization of alkali-metal salts of 2,2'- and 2,4'-bipyridyl radicals and dianions. Gore-Randall E, Irwin M, Denning MS, Goicoechea JM. Inorg Chem. 2009 Sep 7;48(17):8304-16. PMID: 19673484 [PubMed - in process]
Blocking the salt-inducible kinase 1 network prevents the increases in cell sodium transport caused by a hypertension-linked mutation in human alpha-adducin. Stenström K, Takemori H, Bianchi G, Katz AI, Bertorello AM. J Hypertens. 2009 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19657284 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Integrated magneto-optical traps on a chip using silicon pyramid structures. Pollock S, Cotter JP, Laliotis A, Hinds EA. Opt Express. 2009 Aug 3;17(16):14109-14. PMID: 19654820 [PubMed - in process]
A multiplexed quantum memory. Lan SY, Radnaev AG, Collins OA, Matsukevich DN, Kennedy TA, Kuzmich A. Opt Express. 2009 Aug 3;17(16):13639-45. PMID: 19654771 [PubMed - in process]
[Spectroscopy study of rubidium spectrum lamps] Wang F, Zhao F, Qi F, Wu HH, Zhong D, Mei GH. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2009 May;29(5):1164-7. Chinese. PMID: 19650444 [PubMed - in process]
Highly accurate Michelson type wavelength meter that uses a rubidium stabilized 1560 nm diode laser as a wavelength reference. Masuda S, Kanoh E, Irisawa A, Niki S. Appl Opt. 2009 Aug 1;48(22):4285-90. PMID: 19649029 [PubMed - in process]
Quaternary benzyltriethylammonium ion binding to the Na,K-ATPase: a tool to investigate extracellular K(+) binding reactions. Peluffo RD, González-Lebrero RM, Kaufman SB, Kortagere S, Orban B, Rossi RC, Berlin JR. Biochemistry. 2009 Sep 1;48(34):8105-19. PMID: 19621894 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Extracellular potassium dependency of block of HERG by quinidine and cisapride is primarily determined by the permeant ion and not by inactivation. Barrows B, Cheung K, Bialobrzeski T, Foster J, Schulze J, Miller A. Channels (Austin). 2009 Jul-Aug;3(4):239-48. Epub 2009 Jul 15. PMID: 19617705 [PubMed - in process]
Trigonal structures of ABe2BO3F2 (A = Rb, Cs, Tl) crystals. McMillen CD, Hu J, VanDerveer D, Kolis JW. Acta Crystallogr B. 2009 Aug;65(Pt 4):445-9. Epub 2009 Jul 16. PMID: 19617679 [PubMed]
Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) Analysis of Minor and Trace Elements in Gallstones of Nigerian Patients. Alatise OI, Obiajunwa EI, Lawal OO, Adesunkanmi AR. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2009 Jul 17. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19609492 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Establishing the prognostic value of Rb-82 PET myocardial perfusion imaging: a step in the right direction. Gibbons RJ, Chareonthaitawee P. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009 Jul;2(7):855-7. No abstract available. PMID: 19608136 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Self-assembly of a sulphur-terminated graphene nanoribbon within a single-walled carbon nanotube.
Chuvilin A, Bichoutskaia E, Gimenez-Lopez MC, Chamberlain TW, Rance GA, Kuganathan N, Biskupek J, Kaiser U, Khlobystov AN.
Nat Mater. 2011 Aug 7. doi: 10.1038/nmat3082. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21822259
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the yeast tRNA-thiouridine modification protein 1 (Tum1p).
Qiu R, Wang F, Liu M, Yang Z, Wu T, Ji C.
Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2011 Aug 1;67(Pt 8):953-5. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
PMID:
21821903
[PubMed - in process]
Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis L-isoleucine dioxygenase toward the production of useful amino acids.
Hibi M, Kawashima T, Kodera T, Smirnov SV, Sokolov PM, Sugiyama M, Shimizu S, Yokozeki K, Ogawa J.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821743
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Characterization of the sulfurtransferase family from Oryza sativa L.
Guretzki S, Papenbrock J.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2011 Jul 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821426
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Development of a small-scale bioreactor method to monitor the molecular diversity and environmental impacts of bacterial biofilm communities from an acid mine drainage impacted creek.
Cole M, Wrubel J, Henegan P, Janzen C, Holt J, Tobin T.
J Microbiol Methods. 2011 Jul 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821067
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
In situ incorporation of nickel nanoparticles into the mesopores of MCM-41 by manipulation of solvent-solute interaction and its activity toward adsorptive desulfurization of gas oil.
Samadi-Maybodi A, Teymouri M, Vahid A, Miranbeigi A.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Jul 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21820806
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase is an essential enzyme for the parasitic protist Trypanosoma brucei.
Alloatti A, Gupta S, Gualdrón-López M, Nguewa PA, Altabe SG, Deumer G, Wallemacq P, Michels PA, Uttaro AD.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Jul 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21820408
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The use of multi-element stable isotope analysis to monitor the origin of chondroitin sulfates.
Thomas F, Jamin E, Shimoo K, Nagao J, Osaki Y, Granier C.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2011 Sep 15;25(17):2533-7. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5159.
PMID:
21818814
[PubMed - in process]
Sulphur isotopes in animal hair track distance to sea.
Zazzo A, Monahan FJ, Moloney AP, Green S, Schmidt O.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2011 Sep 15;25(17):2371-8. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5131.
PMID:
21818798
[PubMed - in process]
Experimental and Theoretical Evidence of Aromatic Behavior in Heterobenzene-Like Molecules with Metal-Metal Multiple Bonds.
Fang W, He Q, Tan ZF, Liu CY, Lu X, Murillo CA.
Chemistry. 2011 Aug 4. doi: 10.1002/chem.201003693. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21818792
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Rhodovulum phaeolacus sp. nov. a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from a brown pond.
Venkata Naga Satya Lakshmi K, Sasikala C, Venkata Ramana V, Veera Venkata Ramaprasad E, Venkata Ramana C.
J Gen Appl Microbiol. 2011;57(3):145-51.
PMID:
21817826
[PubMed - in process]
Comparative data on effects of leading pretreatments and enzyme loadings and formulations on sugar yields from different switchgrass sources.
Wyman CE, Balan V, Dale BE, Elander RT, Falls M, Hames B, Holtzapple MT, Ladisch MR, Lee YY, Mosier N, Pallapolu VR, Shi J, Thomas SR, Warner RE.
Bioresour Technol. 2011 Jun 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21816612
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Target loads of atmospheric sulfur deposition for the protection and recovery of acid-sensitive streams in the Southern Blue Ridge Province.
Sullivan TJ, Cosby BJ, Jackson WA.
J Environ Manage. 2011 Aug 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21816535
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Differential effects of a post-anthesis fertilizer regimen on the wheat flour proteome determined by quantitative 2-DE.
Altenbach SB, Tanaka CK, Hurkman WJ, Whitehand LC, Vensel WH, Dupont FM.
Proteome Sci. 2011 Aug 4;9(1):46. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21816081
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Comparative toxicity of arsenic metabolites in human bladder cancer EJ-1 cells.
Naranmandura H, Michael CW, Xu S, Lee J, Leslie E, Weinfeld M, Le XC.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21815631
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Effects of Different Garlic-derived Allyl Sulfides on Peroxidative Processes and Anaerobic Sulfur Metabolism in Mouse Liver.
Iciek MB, Kowalczyk-Pachel D, Kwiecien I, Dudek MB.
Phytother Res. 2011 Aug 4. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3572. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21815229
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A combined model of hepatic polyamine and sulfur amino acid metabolism to analyze S-adenosyl methionine availability.
Reyes-Palomares A, Montañez R, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Medina MA.
Amino Acids. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21814788
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Microbial gene functions enriched in the Deepwater Horizon deep-sea oil plume.
Lu Z, Deng Y, Van Nostrand JD, He Z, Voordeckers J, Zhou A, Lee YJ, Mason OU, Dubinsky EA, Chavarria KL, Tom LM, Fortney JL, Lamendella R, Jansson JK, D'haeseleer P, Hazen TC, Zhou J.
ISME J. 2011 Aug 4. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2011.91. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21814288
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
1,1'-(3-Methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)diethanone as a Building Block in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Novel Synthesis of Some Pyrazole and Pyrimidine Derivatives.
Mabkhot YN, Al-Majid AM, Barakat A, Alshahrani S, Siddiqui Y.
Molecules. 2011 Aug 3;16(8):6502-11.
PMID:
21814162
[PubMed - in process]
Towards the Growth of an Aligned Single-Layer MoS2 Film.
Kim D, Sun D, Lu W, Cheng Z, Zhu Y, Le D, Rahman TS, Bartels L.
Langmuir. 2011 Aug 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21812475
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Rubidium Sulfide is a moderately water and acid soluble Rubidium source for uses compatible with sulfates. Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar energy materials and fuel cells. Rubidium Sulfide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Rubidium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Rubidium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 5s1. In its elemental form rubidium 's CAS number is 7440-17-7. The rubidium atom has a radius of 247.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Rubidium is not toxic. Rubidium has various applications in medicine and in 
photoelectronics. Rubidium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is used in photo and detection cells production. Rubidium glass compositions have the highest room temperature conductivity. It has been used as a "getter" in vacuum tubes. Rubidium was first discovered by Robert Wilhem Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in 1861. The name Rubidium, originates from the Latin word 'Rubidius' which means dark or deepest red. See Rubidium research below.
Sulfur is a Block P, Group 16, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Sulfur's shells is 2, 8, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ne]3s2 3p4. In its elemental form sulfur's CAS number is 7704-34-9. The sulfur atom has a radius of 100pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180pm. Sulfur is a crucial element for all life and serves as both fuels and respiratory (oxygen-replacing) materials for simple organisms. In nature, sulfur can be found in hot springs, meteorites, volcanoes, and as galena, gypsum, Epsom salts, and barite. Sulfur, when organically bonded, is a component of all proteins, as the amino acids methionine 
and cysteine. In organic form, Sulfur is present in the vitamins thiamine and biotin. Sulfur is also a vital part of many enzymes and also in antioxidant molecules like glutathione and thioredoxin.Sulfur is available as compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). Sulfur has been known since ancient times but was not accepted as an element until 1777. Antoine Lavoisier helped to convince the scientific commuity that sulfus is an element and not a compound. See Sulfur research below.
