Rubidium Titanyl Phosphate is a crystalline solid used in photo optic applications.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Rubidium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Rubidium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 5s1. In its elemental form rubidium 's CAS number is 7440-17-7. The rubidium atom has a radius of 247.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Rubidium is not toxic. Rubidium has various applications in medicine and in photoelectronics. Rubidium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is used in photo and detection cells production. Rubidium glass compositions have the highest room temperature conductivity. It has been used as a "getter" in vacuum tubes. Rubidium was first discovered by Robert Wilhem Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in 1861. The name Rubidium, originates from the Latin word 'Rubidius' which means dark or deepest red. See Rubidium research below.
Titanium is a Block D, Group 4, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Titanium's shells is 2, 8, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d2 4s2. In its elemental form titanium's CAS number is 7440-32-6. The titanium atom has a radius of 144.8.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Titanium metal is not considered to be toxic although titanium as metal shavings or powder is considered a fire hazard. In its metallic form it is not only very strong and light weight, but also highly resistant to corrosion. Thus it can be found in numerous aerospace and military applications. In its oxide form it used in low grades to produce a white pigment. Titanium is the bases for numerous commercially essential compound groups, such as titanium titanates in electronic and di-electric formulations and in crystal growth for ruby and sapphire lasers. Titanium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy , abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Titanium was first discovered by William Gregor in 1791. Titanium was named after the word Titanos which is Greek for Titans. See Titanium research below.
American Elements semi conducting materials are crystal structures produced from ultra high purity starting materials synthesized by our high purity production facility which includes several large electric muffle furnaces, a tube furnace for hydrogen reduction, 50 gallon glass-lined Pfaudler reactors supported by our analytical laboratory containing X-ray diffraction, SEM, AA, BET surface area, and ICP Spectrometry for trace metals analysis. See a discussion of American Elements Ultra High Purity and Analytical capabilities. See Crystal Growth for processes used to fabricate semiconductor materials, which include:
Crystal "pulling" by the Czochaiski method for production of semiconductor materials
Flux growth and gradient freeze
Directional solidification of fluorites using both the Bridgman-Stockbarger and float zoning techniques
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Recent Research & Development for Rubidium
Quantitative relationship between the extent and morphology of coronary atherosclerotic plaque and downstream myocardial perfusion.
Naya M, Murthy VL, Blankstein R, Sitek A, Hainer J, Foster C, Gaber M, Fantony JM, Dorbala S, Di Carli MF.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Oct 18;58(17):1807-16.
PMID:
21996395
[PubMed - in process]
The fate of minor alkali elements in the chemical evolution of salt lakes.
Witherow RA, Lyons WB.
Saline Systems. 2011 Oct 12;7(1):2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21992434
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A high-pressure single-crystal synchrotron diffraction study of NH(4)RbTe(4)O(9)·2H(2)O: stability of three different TeO(x) coordination polyhedra.
Friese K, Halasyamani PS, Tolkiehn M, Grzechnik A.
Acta Crystallogr C. 2011 Oct;67(Pt 10):i45-i49. Epub 2011 Sep 2.
PMID:
21979964
[PubMed - in process]
Noise reduction in spectral CT: Reducing dose and breaking the trade-off between image noise and energy bin selection.
Leng S, Yu L, Wang J, Fletcher JG, Mistretta CA, McCollough CH.
Med Phys. 2011 Sep;38(9):4946.
PMID:
21978039
[PubMed - in process]
All-optical switching in an N-type foul-level atom-cavity system.
Sheng J, Yang X, Khadka U, Xiao M.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 29;19(18):17059-64. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.017059.
PMID:
21935066
[PubMed - in process]
Excitation of Rydberg states in rubidium with near infrared diode lasers.
Fahey DP, Noel MW.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 29;19(18):17002-12. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.017002.
PMID:
21935060
[PubMed - in process]
Photon statistics and polarization correlations at telecommunications wavelengths from a warm atomic ensemble.
Willis RT, Becerra FE, Orozco LA, Rolston SL.
Opt Express. 2011 Jul 18;19(15):14632-41. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.014632.
PMID:
21934825
[PubMed - in process]
Urinary rubidium in breast cancers.
Su Y, Chen LJ, He JR, Yuan XJ, Cen YL, Su FX, Tang LY, Zhang AH, Chen WQ, Lin Y, Wang SM, Ren ZF.
Clin Chim Acta. 2011 Nov 20;412(23-24):2305-9. Epub 2011 Sep 2.
PMID:
21910977
[PubMed - in process]
Rydberg excitations in bose-einstein condensates in quasi-one-dimensional potentials and optical lattices.
Viteau M, Bason MG, Radogostowicz J, Malossi N, Ciampini D, Morsch O, Arimondo E.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Aug 5;107(6):060402. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
PMID:
21902300
[PubMed - in process]
Rubidium-82 uptake in metastases from pheochromocytoma on PET myocardial perfusion images.
Gupta A, DiFilippo FP, Brunken RC.
Clin Nucl Med. 2011 Oct;36(10):930-1. No abstract available.
PMID:
21892051
[PubMed - in process]
Methods and evaluation of frequency aging in distributed-feedback laser diodes for rubidium atomic clocks.
Matthey R, Affolderbach C, Mileti G.
Opt Lett. 2011 Sep 1;36(17):3311-3. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.003311.
PMID:
21886194
[PubMed - in process]
Incremental Diagnostic Value of Regional Myocardial Blood Flow Quantification Over Relative Perfusion Imaging With Generator-Produced Rubidium-82 PET.
Yoshinaga K, Katoh C, Manabe O, Klein R, Naya M, Sakakibara M, Yamada S, Dekemp RA, Tsutsui H, Tamaki N.
Circ J. 2011 Aug 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21873801
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Homo- and heteronuclear alkali metal trimers formed on helium nanodroplets. Part I. Vibronic spectra simulations based on ab initio calculations.
Hauser AW, Ernst WE.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Aug 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21869966
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Relationship between chemical structure and biological activity of alkali metal o-, m- and p-anisates. FT-IR and microbiological studies.
Kalinowska M, Piekut J, Lewandowski W.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2011 Nov;82(1):432-6. Epub 2011 Jul 28.
PMID:
21852187
[PubMed - in process]
[The evaluation of uncertainty in the results for elements rubidium, strontium, yttrium and zirconium in silicate geological samples by polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry].
Wang YY, Zhan XC, Yuan JH, Fan XT.
Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2011 Jun;31(6):1707-11. Chinese.
PMID:
21847963
[PubMed - in process]
Structure of the alkali-metal-atom + strontium molecular ions: towards photoassociation and formation of cold molecular ions.
Aymar M, Guérout R, Dulieu O.
J Chem Phys. 2011 Aug 14;135(6):064305.
PMID:
21842931
[PubMed - in process]
Poly[(µ(5)-3,5-dinitro-benzoato)rubidium].
Miao Y, Zhang X, Liu C.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Jul 1;67(Pt 7):m1002. Epub 2011 Jun 30.
PMID:
21836829
[PubMed - in process]
A young source for the Hawaiian plume.
Sobolev AV, Hofmann AW, Jochum KP, Kuzmin DV, Stoll B.
Nature. 2011 Aug 10;476(7361):434-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10321.
PMID:
21832996
[PubMed]
Leaving relativity behind: quantitative clinical perfusion imaging.
Bengel FM.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Aug 9;58(7):749-51. No abstract available.
PMID:
21816312
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Impaired myocardial flow reserve on rubidium-82 positron emission tomography imaging predicts adverse outcomes in patients assessed for myocardial ischemia.
Ziadi MC, Dekemp RA, Williams KA, Guo A, Chow BJ, Renaud JM, Ruddy TD, Sarveswaran N, Tee RE, Beanlands RS.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Aug 9;58(7):740-8.
PMID:
21816311
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Anticancer efficacy enhancement and attenuation of side effects of doxorubicin with titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
Chen Y, Wan Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Jiao Z.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:2321-6. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
PMID:
22072869
[PubMed - in process]
Keyhole Cochlear Implantation: Current Status.
Black B.
Otol Neurotol. 2011 Nov 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22072266
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Characterization of a hydroxyapatite sputtered film subject to hydrothermal treatment using FE-SEM and STEM.
Ozeki K, Aoki H, Masuzawa T.
Biomed Mater Eng. 2011 Jan 1;21(3):179-89.
PMID:
22072082
[PubMed - in process]
In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of permanent prosthetic materials.
Sabaliauskas V, Juciute R, Bukelskiene V, Rutkunas V, Trumpaite-Vanagiene R, Puriene A.
Stomatologija. 2011;13(3):75-80.
PMID:
22071414
[PubMed - in process]
Effect of ionic products of dicalcium silicate coating on osteoblast differentiation and collagen production via TGF-ß1 pathway.
Li J, Wei L, Sun J, Guan G.
J Biomater Appl. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22071351
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Reconstruction of defects of maxillary sinus wall after removal of a huge odontogenic lesion using prebended 3D titanium-mesh and CAD/CAM technique - Methodology article -
Stoetzer M, Rana M, Von See C, Eckardt AM, Gellrich NC.
Head Face Med. 2011 Nov 9;7(1):21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22070833
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Total Synthesis of (-)-Virginiamycin M2: Application of Crotylsilanes Accessed by Enantioselective Rh(II) or Cu(I) Promoted Carbenoid Si-H Insertion.
Wu J, Panek JS.
J Org Chem. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22070230
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Reduced stress shielding with limited micromotions using a carbon fibre composite biomimetic hip stem: a finite element model.
Caouette C, Yahia LH, Bureau MN.
Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2011 Sep;225(9):907-19.
PMID:
22070028
[PubMed - in process]
Numerical simulation of bone remodelling around dental implants.
Ojeda J, Martínez-Reina J, García-Aznar JM, Domínguez J, Doblaré M.
Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2011 Sep;225(9):897-906.
PMID:
22070027
[PubMed - in process]
[Application of titanium plate and Teflon patch in chest wall reconstruction after sternal. tumor resection].
Wu X, Chen M, Yu F.
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2011 Oct;25(10):1224-6. Chinese.
PMID:
22069979
[PubMed - in process]
Dietary Exposure Estimates of 14 Trace Elements in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, Two High Lung Cancer Incidence Areas in China.
Zhang L, Lv J, Liao C.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22068732
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Comparative approach to capture bacterial diversity of coastal waters.
Na H, Kim OS, Yoon SH, Kim Y, Chun J.
J Microbiol. 2011 Oct;49(5):729-40. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
PMID:
22068488
[PubMed - in process]
Combined Use of Titanium Mesh and Resorbable PLLA-PGA Implant in the Treatment of Large Orbital Floor Fractures.
Magana FG, Arzac RM, De Hilario Aviles L.
J Craniofac Surg. 2011 Nov 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22067850
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
No improvement in long-term wear and revision rates with the second-generation Biomet cup (RingLoc) in young patients.
Boesenach B, van der Heide HJ, Nelissen RG.
Acta Orthop. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22066563
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Clinical outcomes of TS-1 chemotherapy for advanced and recurrent gastric cancer.
Lee SR, Kim HO, Yoo CH.
J Korean Surg Soc. 2011 Sep;81(3):163-8. Epub 2011 Sep 26.
PMID:
22066117
[PubMed]
Melanosis ilei induced by prolonged charcoal ingestion.
Kim GM, Jun EJ, Kim YC, Park JM, Hong SI, Cheung DY, Kim JI, Lee YS.
J Korean Surg Soc. 2011 Jul;81(1):66-9. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
PMID:
22066103
[PubMed]
The mixed-valent titanium phosphate, Li(2)Ti(2)(PO(4))(3), dilithium dititanium(III/IV) tris-(orthophosphate).
Kee Y, Lee SS, Yun H.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):i49. Epub 2011 Aug 17.
PMID:
22065701
[PubMed]
Transition from Anodic Titania Nanotubes to Nanowires: Arising from Nanotube Growth to Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.
Sun L, Zhang S, Wang X, Sun XW, Ong DY, Wang X, Zhao D.
Chemphyschem. 2011 Nov 7. doi: 10.1002/cphc.201100450. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22065460
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Influence of metal ions on human lymphocytes and the generation of titanium-specific T-lymphocytes.
Chan E, Cadosch D, Gautschi OP, Sprengel K, Filgueira L.
J Appl Biomater Biomech. 2011 May-Aug;9(2):137-43. doi: 10.5301/JABB.2011.8567.
PMID:
22065391
[PubMed - in process]
Rubidium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Rubidium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 5s1. In its elemental form rubidium 's CAS number is 7440-17-7. The rubidium atom has a radius of 247.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Rubidium is not toxic. Rubidium has various applications in medicine and in 
photoelectronics. Rubidium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is used in photo and detection cells production. Rubidium glass compositions have the highest room temperature conductivity. It has been used as a "getter" in vacuum tubes. Rubidium was first discovered by Robert Wilhem Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in 1861. The name Rubidium, originates from the Latin word 'Rubidius' which means dark or deepest red. See Rubidium research below.
Titanium is a Block D, Group 4, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Titanium's shells is 2, 8, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d2 4s2. In its elemental form titanium's CAS number is 7440-32-6. The titanium atom has a radius of 144.8.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Titanium metal is not considered to be toxic although titanium as metal shavings or powder is considered a fire hazard. In its metallic form it is not only very strong and light weight, but also highly resistant to corrosion. Thus it can be found in 
numerous aerospace and military applications. In its oxide form it used in low grades to produce a white pigment. Titanium is the bases for numerous commercially essential compound groups, such as 
titanium titanates in electronic and di-electric formulations and in crystal growth for ruby and sapphire lasers. Titanium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy , abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Titanium was first discovered by William Gregor in 1791. Titanium was named after the word Titanos which is Greek for Titans. See Titanium research below. 
