Ruthenium Oxalate is highly insoluble in water and converts to the oxide when heated (calcined). Ruthenium Oxalate is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ruthenium Oxide is also available in pellets, pieces, sputtering targets, tablets, and nanopowder (from American Elements' nanoscale production facilities). Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Ruthenium is a Block D, Group 8, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Ruthenium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d7 5s1. In its elemental form ruthenium's CAS number is 7440-18-8. The ruthenium atom has a radius of 132.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) is very toxic and Ruthenium in its elemental form is considered carcinogen. Ruthenium is member of the platinum group of metals. It is one of the most effective hardeners for platinum and palladium , and is alloyed with these metals to make electrical contacts for severe wear resistanant electronics and laboratory equipment. The corrosion resistance of titanium is improved a hundredfold by addition of 0.1% ruthenium. It is also a versatile catalyst. Hydrogensulfide can be split catalytically by light using an aqueous suspension of cadmiumsulfide particles loaded with ruthenium dioxide. It is also believed to have pharmacological applications. Ruthenium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Ruthenium was first discovered by Karl Klaus in 1844. The name Ruthenium, originates from the Latin word 'Ruthenia' meaning Russia. See Ruthenium research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Ruthenium-catalyzed oxidation of a carbon-carbon triple bond: facile syntheses of alkenyl 1,2-diketones from alkynes.
Hu TC, Hsiao PI, Wang TH, Yang YW, Chang CY, Wu YH, Sun WC, Yu MS, Lee CY, Lo YH.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Oct 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22015646
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Deactivation Pathways for Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer Excited States of Ru Polypyridyl Complexes with Triphenylphosphine as a Ligand.
Litke SV, Ershov AY, Meyer TJ.
J Phys Chem A. 2011 Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22013947
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Chirality on the Non-Intercalated Part Dictates the Stereoselectivity for Threading Intercalation of Short Binuclear Ruthenium Complexes.
Andersson J, Lincoln P.
J Phys Chem B. 2011 Oct 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22010604
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Formation of Sequence-Independent Z-DNA Induced by a Ruthenium Complex at Low Salt Concentrations.
Wu Z, Tian T, Yu J, Weng X, Liu Y, Zhou X.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Oct 18. doi: 10.1002/anie.201104422. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22009837
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Stimulation of kainate toxicity by zinc in cultured cerebellar granule neurons and the role of mitochondria in this process.
Lozier ER, Stelmashook EV, Uzbekov RE, Novikova SV, Zorov SD, Alieva IB, Arbeille B, Zorov DB, Isaev NK.
Toxicol Lett. 2011 Oct 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22008730
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
HOCl causes necrotic cell death in human monocyte derived macrophages through calcium dependent calpain activation.
Yang YT, Whiteman M, Gieseg SP.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Oct 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22008466
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Small molecule positive allosteric modulation of TRPV1 activation by vanilloids and acidic pH.
Kaszas K, Keller JM, Coddou CA, Mishra SK, Hoon MA, Stojilkovic S, Jacobson KA, Iadarola MJ.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22005042
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A New Class of Cyclometalated Ruthenium Sensitizers of the Type CN^N for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.
Kim JJ, Choi H, Paek S, Kim C, Lim K, Ju MJ, Kang HS, Kang MS, Ko J.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22004012
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Water Oxidation by Mononuclear Ruthenium Complexes with TPA-Based Ligands.
Radaram B, Ivie JA, Singh WM, Grudzien RM, Reibenspies JH, Webster CE, Zhao X.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21999861
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electrocatalytic reduction of CO(2) to CO by polypyridyl ruthenium complexes.
Chen Z, Chen C, Weinberg DR, Kang P, Concepcion JJ, Harrison DP, Brookhart MS, Meyer TJ.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21998823
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Role of thromboxane A2-activated nonselective cation channels in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction of rat.
Yoo HY, Park SJ, Seo EY, Park KS, Han JA, Kim KS, Shin DH, Earm YE, Zhang YH, Kim SJ.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2011 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21998141
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effect of substituent of terpyridines on the DNA-interaction of polypyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes.
Patel MN, Gandhi DS, Parmar PA.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2011 Sep 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21996589
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Concise Formal Synthesis of (+)-Neopeltolide.
Yang Z, Zhang B, Zhao G, Yang J, Xie X, She X.
Org Lett. 2011 Oct 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21995677
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
(2)H NMR calculations on polynuclear transition metal complexes: on the influence of local symmetry and other factors.
Del Rosal I, Gutmann T, Walaszek B, Gerber IC, Chaudret B, Limbach HH, Buntkowsky G, Poteau R.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21993614
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Polyhydroxyalkanoates production from cellulose hydrolysate in Escherichia coli LS5218 with superior resistance to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
Nduko JM, Suzuki W, Matsumoto K, Kobayashi H, Ooi T, Fukuoka A, Taguchi S.
J Biosci Bioeng. 2011 Oct 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21993429
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Photocurrent-Enhancement by Surface Plasmon Resonance of Silver Nanoparticles in Highly Porous Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.
Jeong NC, Prasittichai C, Hupp J.
Langmuir. 2011 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21992773
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis of a-Amino Acid Amides: Ruthenium-Catalyzed Amination of a-Hydroxy Amides.
Zhang M, Imm S, Bähn S, Neumann H, Beller M.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Oct 10. doi: 10.1002/anie.201104309. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21987500
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ruthenium nitrosyl complexes with 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane and 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) or 2-phenylazopyridine (pap) coligands. Electronic structure and reactivity aspects.
De P, Maji S, Dutta Chowdhury A, Mobin SM, Kumar Mondal T, Paretzki A, Lahiri GK.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Oct 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21986798
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Regulation of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ leak by Cytosolic Ca2+ in Rabbit Ventricular Myocytes.
Bovo E, Mazurek SR, Blatter LA, Zima AV.
J Physiol. 2011 Oct 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21986204
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Polydentate Analogues of 8-Hydroxyquinoline and Their Complexes with Ruthenium.
El Ojaimi M, Thummel RP.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21985103
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Recent Research & Development for Palladium
Complexation and Extraction of PAHs to the Aqueous Phase with a Dinuclear
Pt(II) Diazapyrenium-Based Metallacycle. Blanco V, García MD, Terenzi A, Pía E, Fernández-Mato A, Peinador C, Quintela
JM. Chemistry. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20922724.
Electrochemical absorption and
oxidation of hydrogen on palladium alloys with platinum, gold and rhodium. Lukaszewski M, Hubkowska K, Czerwinski A. Phys
Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20890504.
Palladium sensitization in the
United States: dermatology and dentistry connection. Pigatto PD, Spadari F, Bombeccari G, Guzzi G. Dermatitis. 2010
Oct;21(5):297-8. PubMed PMID: 20920421.
Palladium-Catalyzed
[1,3]-O-to-C Rearrangement of Pyrans toward Functionalized Cyclohexanones. Brioche JC, Barker TA, Whatrup DJ, Barker MD, Harrity JP. Org
Lett. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20886864.
A General Strategy Toward
Aromatic 1,2-Ambiphilic Synthons: Palladium-Catalyzed ortho-Halogenation of
PyDipSi-Arenes. Dudnik AS, Chernyak N, Huang C, Gevorgyan V. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2010 Sep 30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20886495.
Design, synthesis, and subtype selectivity of
3,6-disubstituted ß-carbolines at Bz/GABA(A)ergic receptors. SAR and studies
directed toward agents for treatment of alcohol abuse. Yin W, Majumder S, Clayton T, Petrou S, Vanlinn ML, Namjoshi OA, Ma C, Cromer
BA, Roth BL, Platt DM, Cook JM. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Sep
29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20888240.
Synthesis of a Solid-Phase Amino
Imidazotriazine Library via Palladium Catalyzed Direct Arylation. Maechling S, Good J, Lindell SD. J Comb Chem.
2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20879771.
Preparation of a Catalytic Membrane Reactor with
Palladium Nanoparticles Supported by a Packed-Bed Silica Nanosupporter for
Gas-Phase Methanol Oxidation. Lee KJ, Min SH, Jang J. Small. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20882558.
Mechanistically Driven Development of Iridium
Catalysts for Asymmetric Allylic Substitution. Hartwig JF, Stanley LM. Acc Chem Res. 2010 Sep 28. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20873839.
On the Mechanism of
Palladium-Catalyzed Aromatic C-H Oxidation. Powers DC, Xiao DY, Geibel MA, Ritter T. J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Sep 28. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20873835.
Palladium-Catalyzed
Decarboxylative Couplings of 2-(2-Azaaryl)acetates with Aryl Halides and
Triflates. Shang R, Yang ZW, Wang Y, Zhang SL, Liu L. J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20873805.
Efficient stochastic
thermostatting of path integral molecular dynamics. Ceriotti M, Parrinello M, Markland TE, Manolopoulos DE. J Chem Phys. 2010 Sep
28;133(12):124104. PubMed PMID: 20886921.
A Reductive-Coupling plus Nazarov Cyclization
Sequence in the Asymmetric Synthesis of Five-Membered Carbocycles. Kerr DJ, White JM, Flynn BL. J Org Chem.
2010 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20873806.
Incorporation of Pd into Au(111): enhanced
electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Schäfer PJ, Kibler LA. Phys Chem Chem
Phys. 2010 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20877870.
Palladium-catalyzed
annulations of arynes with 2-(2-iodophenoxy)-1-substituted ethanones. Li RJ, Pi SF, Liang Y, Wang ZQ, Song RJ, Chen GX, Li JH. Chem Commun
(Camb). 2010 Sep 27. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20871908.
Umpolung Direct Arylation
Reactions: Facile Process Requiring Only Catalytic Palladium and
Substoichiometric Amount of Silver Salts. Mousseau JJ, Valle´e F, Lorion MM, Charette AB. J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Sep 27. [Epub ahead
of print] PubMed PMID: 20873750.
Hydrogen-Induced Reversible Insulator-Metal
Transition in a Palladium Nanosphere Sensor. Zou J, Iyer KS, Raston CL. Small. 2010 Sep 27. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20878635.
Rapid Assembly of Resorcylic Acid Lactone
Frameworks through Sequential Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions. Fuse S, Sugiyama S, Takahashi T. Chem Asian
J. 2010 Sep 24. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20872399.
Evaluation of
thiouracil-based adhesive systems for bonding cast silver-palladium-copper-gold
alloy. Yamashita M, Koizumi H, Ishii T, Furuchi M, Matsumura H. J Oral Sci. 2010;52(3):405-10. PubMed PMID: 20881333.
Proud sponsors of Aeromat 2012. Please join us and our customers & co-sponsors Boeing and ATI on
June 18-20, 2012
in Charlotte, North Carolina
Ruthenium Oxalate is highly insoluble in water and converts to the oxide when heated (calcined). Ruthenium Oxalate is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ruthenium Oxide is also available in pellets, pieces, sputtering targets, tablets, and nanopowder (from American Elements' nanoscale production facilities). Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Ruthenium is a Block D, Group 8, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Ruthenium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d7 5s1. In its elemental form ruthenium's CAS number is 7440-18-8. The ruthenium atom has a radius of 132.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) is very toxic and Ruthenium in its elemental form is considered carcinogen. Ruthenium is member of the platinum group of metals. It is one of the most effective hardeners for platinum and palladium , and is alloyed with these metals to make electrical contacts for severe wear resistanant 
electronics and laboratory equipment. The corrosion resistance of titanium is improved a
hundredfold by addition of 0.1% ruthenium. It is also a versatile catalyst. Hydrogen sulfide can be split catalytically by light using an aqueous suspension of cadmium sulfide particles loaded with ruthenium dioxide. It is also believed to have pharmacological applications. Ruthenium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Ruthenium was first discovered by Karl Klaus in 1844. The name Ruthenium, originates from the Latin word 'Ruthenia' meaning Russia. See Ruthenium research below. 
