American Elements specializes in producing Antimony Bromide in an ultra dry form for use as a compound in semiconductors and other high purity applications. Ultra Dry Antimony Bromide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Antimony is a Block P, Group 15, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Antimony's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3. In its elemental form antimony's CAS number is 7440-36-0. The antimony atom has a radius of 145.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. The chemical state of antimony affects the toxicity of the element and its compounds. Antimony is finding use in semiconductor technology for making infrared detectors, diodes and Hall-effect devices in crystalline structures, such as antimony telluride and gallium antimonide. Antimony is however a poor conductor of heat and electricity. It greatly increases the hardness and mechanical strength of lead. This has found applications in batteries, antifriction alloys, small arms and tracer bullets and cable sheathing. Antimony compounds are used in manufacturing flame-proofing compounds, paints, ceramic enamels, glass, and pottery glazes. Antimony is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. See Antimony research below.
Elevated levels of tryparedoxin peroxidase in antimony unresponsive Leishmania donovani field isolates. Wyllie S, Mandal G, Singh N, Sundar S, Fairlamb AH, Chatterjee M. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2010 Oct;173(2):162-4. Epub 2010 May 27. PubMed PMID: 20553768.
Antimony(III) complexes with 2-benzoylpyridine-derived thiosemicarbazones: Cytotoxicity against human leukemia cell lines. Reis DC, Pinto MC, Souza-Fagundes EM, Wardell SM, Wardell JL, Beraldo H. Eur J Med Chem. 2010 Sep;45(9):3904-3910. Epub 2010 May 26. PubMed PMID: 20576328.
Maternal exposure to low-level heavy metals during pregnancy and birth size. Shirai S, Suzuki Y, Yoshinaga J, Mizumoto Y. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2010 Sep;45(11):1468-74. PubMed PMID: 20694885.
Diameter dependence of the transport properties of antimony telluride nanowires. Zuev YM, Lee JS, Galloy C, Park H, Kim P. Nano Lett. 2010 Aug 11;10(8):3037-40. PubMed PMID: 20698617.
Comparison of gene expression patterns among Leishmania braziliensis clinical isolates showing a different in vitro susceptibility to pentavalent antimony. Adaui V, Schnorbusch K, Zimic M, Gutiérrez A, Decuypere S, Vanaerschot M, DE Doncker S, Maes I, Llanos-Cuentas A, Chappuis F, Arévalo J, Dujardin JC. Parasitology. 2010 Aug 3:1-11. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20678296.
Coordination between [H(2)P(2)W(12)O(48)](12-) and antimony(iii): synthesis and characterization of sandwich complex derived from the new {P(2)W(13)O(51)} fragment. Zhang CD, Liu SX, Ma FJ, Tan RK, Zhang W, Su ZM. Dalton Trans. 2010 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20668751.
Concentration of metals in blood of Maine children 1-6 years old. Rice DC, Lincoln R, Martha J, Parker L, Pote K, Xing S, Smith AE.J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2010 Jul 28. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20664650.
Clinical Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Antimony in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Treated With Sodium Stibogluconate. Zaghloul IY, Radwan MA, Al Jaser MH, Al Issa R. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Jul 27. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20663995.
A Mercury-Antimony Interaction. Lin TP, Wade CR, Pérez LM, Gabbaï FP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2010 Jul 26. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20661984.
Simultaneous Indocyanine Green and (99m)Tc-Antimony Sulfur Colloid-Guided Laparoscopic Sentinel Basin Dissection for Gastric Cancer. Park DJ, Kim HH, Park YS, Lee HS, Lee WW, Lee HJ, Yang HK. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010 Jul 21. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20652640.
Biochemical characterization of a novel ArsA ATPase complex from Alkaliphilus metalliredigens QYMF. Fu HL, Rosen BP, Bhattacharjee H. FEBS Lett. 2010 Jul 16;584(14):3089-94. Epub 2010 May 27. PubMed PMID: 20553716; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2900426.
Resistance of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis to nitric oxide: correlation with antimony therapy and TNF-alpha production. Souza AS, Giudice A, Pereira JM, Guimarães LH, de Jesus AR, de Moura TR, Wilson ME, Carvalho EM, Almeida RP. BMC Infect Dis. 2010 Jul 15;10:209. PubMed PMID: 20633260; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2915995.
Transmission of topological surface states through surface barriers. Seo J, Roushan P, Beidenkopf H, Hor YS, Cava RJ, Yazdani A. Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):343-6. PubMed PMID: 20631794.
Dietary exposure to metals and other elements in the 2006 UK Total Diet Study and some trends over the last 30 years. Rose M, Baxter M, Brereton N, Baskaran C. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2010 Jul 13:1-25. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20628929.
Behaviour of non-standard composition copper bearing anodes from the copper refining process. Markovic R, Friedrich B, Stajic-Trosic J, Jordovic B, Jugovic B, Gvozdenovic M, Stevanovic J. J Hazard Mater. 2010 Jun 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20667423.
Antimony biomethylation in culture media revisited in the light of solubility and chemical speciation considerations. Filella M, Williams PA. Environ Toxicol. 2010 May 12. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20549617.
Metalloid transport by aquaglyceroporins: consequences in the treatment of human diseases. Mukhopadhyay R, Beitz E. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;679:57-69. PubMed PMID: 20666224.
Arsenic transport in prokaryotes and eukaryotic microbes. Rosen BP, Tamás MJ. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;679:47-55. PubMed PMID: 20666223.
Metalloids, soil chemistry and the environment. Lombi E, Holm PE. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;679:33-44. PubMed PMID: 20666222.
Research and development of antischistosomal drugs in the People's Republic of China a 60-year review. Xiao SH, Keiser J, Chen MG, Tanner M, Utzinger J. Adv Parasitol. 2010;73:231-95. PubMed PMID: 20627145.
Recent Research & Development for Bromides
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by aminoflavone: New molecular target for renal cancer treatment.
Callero MA, Suárez GV, Luzzani G, Itkin B, Nguyen B, Loaiza-Perez AI.
Int J Oncol. 2012 Apr 5. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1427. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22485252
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Marine bromophenol bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether, induces mitochondrial apoptosis in K562 cells and inhibits topoisomerase I in vitro.
Liu M, Zhang W, Wei J, Qiu L, Lin X.
Toxicol Lett. 2012 Mar 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22484147
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
One-pot synthesis of aptamer functionalized silver nanoclusters for cell-type specific imaging.
Li J, Zhong X, Cheng F, Zhang JR, Jiang LP, Zhu JJ.
Anal Chem. 2012 Apr 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22482827
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Metabolic Activation of Prasugrel : Nature of the two Competitive Pathways Resulting in the Opening of its Thiophene Ring.
Dansette PM, Rosi J, Debernardi J, Bertho G, Mansuy D.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2012 Apr 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22482514
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
GnRH-III based multifunctional drug delivery systems containing daunorubicin and methotrexate.
Leurs U, Lajkó E, Mezo G, Orbán E, Ohlschläger P, Marquardt A, Kohidai L, Manea M.
Eur J Med Chem. 2012 Mar 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22480495
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Hepatoprotective effects and HSV-1 activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Cecropia glaziovii (embaúba-vermelha) against acyclovir-resistant strain.
Petronilho F, Dal-Pizzol F, Costa GM, Kappel VD, de Oliveira SQ, Fortunato J, Cittadini-Zanette V, Fonseca Moreira JC, Oliveira Simões CM, Dal-Pizzol F, Reginatto FH.
Pharm Biol. 2012 Apr 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22480215
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A solution-based nano-plasmonic sensing technique by using gold nanorods.
Ho FH, Wu YH, Ujihara M, Imae T.
Analyst. 2012 Apr 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22479700
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
In vitro antiproliferative effects of the indole alkaloid vallesiachotamine on human melanoma cells.
Soares PR, de Oliveira PL, de Oliveira CM, Kato L, Guillo LA.
Arch Pharm Res. 2012 Mar;35(3):565-71. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
PMID:
22477204
[PubMed - in process]
Role of a novel pyridostigmine bromide-phospholipid nanocomplex in improving oral bioavailability.
Tan QY, Hu NN, Liu GD, Yin HF, Zhang L, Wang H, Lu LY, Zhang JQ.
Arch Pharm Res. 2012 Mar;35(3):499-508. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
PMID:
22477197
[PubMed - in process]
Alkyl-chain disorder in tetraisohexylammonium bromide.
Kelland MA, Thompson AL.
Acta Crystallogr C. 2012 Apr;68(Pt 4):o152-5. Epub 2012 Mar 7.
PMID:
22476146
[PubMed - in process]
Electrosynthesis of a Sc3N@Ih-C80 Methano Derivative from Trianionic Sc3N@Ih-C80.
Li FF, Rodriguez-Fortea A, Peng P, Campos Chavez GA, Poblet JM, Echegoyen L.
J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Apr 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22475512
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Adsorption of ß-Casein-Surfactant Mixed Layers at the Air-Water Interface Evaluated by Interfacial Rheology.
Maestro A, Kotsmar C, Javadi A, Miller R, Ortega F, Rubio RG.
J Phys Chem B. 2012 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22475110
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Halogen Oxidation and Halogen Photoelimination Chemistry of a Platinum-Rhodium Heterobimetallic Core.
Cook TR, McCarthy BD, Lutterman DA, Nocera DG.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22475040
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Antimicrobial studies of unsymmetrical bis-1,2,3-Triazoles.
Banday AH, Shameem SA, Ganai BA.
Org Med Chem Lett. 2012 Apr 4;2(1):13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22475037
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Nickel-Mediated Inter- and Intramolecular Reductive Cross-Coupling of Unactivated Alkyl Bromides and Aryl Iodides at Room Temperature.
Yan CS, Peng Y, Xu XB, Wang YW.
Chemistry. 2012 Mar 30. doi: 10.1002/chem.201200190. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22473912
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A Bulky Biaryl Phosphine Ligand Allows for Palladium-Catalyzed Amidation of Five-Membered Heterocycles as Electrophiles.
Su M, Buchwald SL.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2012 Mar 30. doi: 10.1002/anie.201201244. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22473747
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Antiproliferative Activity of Polygonaceae Species from the Carpathian Basin against Human Cancer Cell Lines.
Lajter I, Zupkó I, Molnár J, Jakab G, Balogh L, Vasas A, Hohmann J.
Phytother Res. 2012 Apr 4. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4690. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22473656
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Diastereoselective alkylation reactions of 1-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid.
Bennett NJ, Elliott MC, Hewitt NL, Kariuki BM, Morton CA, Raw SA, Tomasi S.
Org Biomol Chem. 2012 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22473327
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Phase-transfer catalytic dichlorocyclopropanation of styrene under the influence of ultrasound conditions - A kinetic study.
Wang ML, Prasad GS.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2012 Mar 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22472498
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
In vitro targeted imaging and delivery of camptothecin using cetuximab-conjugated multifunctional PLGA-ZnS nanoparticles.
Deepagan VG, Sarmento B, Menon D, Nascimento A, Jayasree A, Sreeranganathan M, Koyakutty M, Nair SV, Rangasamy J.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2012 Apr;7(4):507-19.
PMID:
22471719
[PubMed - in process]
Proud sponsors of Aeromat 2012. Please join us and our customers & co-sponsors Boeing and ATI on
June 18-20, 2012
in Charlotte, North Carolina
Antimony is a Block P, Group 15, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Antimony's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3. In its elemental form antimony's CAS number is 7440-36-0. The antimony atom has a radius of 145.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. The chemical state of antimony affects the toxicity of the element and its
compounds. Antimony is finding use in semiconductor technology for making infrared detectors, diodes and Hall-effect devices in crystalline structures, such as antimony telluride and gallium antimonide. Antimony is however a poor conductor of heat and electricity. It greatly increases the hardness and mechanical strength of lead.
This has found applications in batteries, antifriction alloys, small arms and tracer bullets and cable sheathing. Antimony compounds are used in manufacturing flame-proofing compounds, paints, ceramic enamels, glass, and pottery glazes. Antimony is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. See Antimony research below.
