AZO (Antimony Zinc Oxide) is a highly insoluble thermally stable Aluminum source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems. They are compounds containing at least one oxygen anion and one metallic cation. They are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibit ionic conductivity. Metal oxide compounds are basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions. AZO (Antimony Zinc Oxide) is also available in pellets, pieces, powder, sputtering targets, tablets, and nanopowder (from American Elements' nanoscale production facilities). See Nanotechnology for more nanotechnology applications information. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.
Antimony is a Block P, Group 15, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Antimony's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3. In its elemental form antimony's CAS number is 7440-36-0. The antimony atom has a radius of 145.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. The chemical state of antimony affects the toxicity of the element and its compounds. Antimony is finding use in semiconductor technology for making infrared detectors, diodes and Hall-effect devices in crystalline structures, such as antimony telluride and gallium antimonide. Antimony is however a poor conductor of heat and electricity. It greatly increases the hardness and mechanical strength of lead. This has found applications in batteries, antifriction alloys, small arms and tracer bullets and cable sheathing. Antimony compounds are used in manufacturing flame-proofing compounds, paints, ceramic enamels, glass, and pottery glazes. Antimony is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. See Antimony research below.
Zinc is a Block D, Group 12, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Zinc's shells is 2, 8, 18, 2, and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2. In its elemental form zinc's CAS number is 7440-66-6. The zinc atom has a radius of 133.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 139.pm. Combined with other elements as ores, Zinc is found in nature. Zinc is considered non-toxicin healthy doses but can cause nausea if taken in excess. Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous metal which we produce in Special High Grade (SHG) purities. It is brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable at 100 to 150 o C. It is a fair conductor of electricity, and burns in air at high red heat with evolution of white clouds of the oxide. It has unusual electrical, thermal, optical, and solid-state properties that have not been fully investigated. The metal is employed to form numerous alloys with other metals. Brass, nickel, silver, commercial bronze, soft solder, and aluminum solder are some of the more important alloys. Large quantities of zinc are used to produce die castings, which are used extensively by the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. Zinc is also used extensively togalvanize other metals such as iron to prevent corrosion. Zinc oxide is widely used in the manufacture of paints, rubber products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, floor coverings, plastics, printing inks, soap, storage batteries, textiles, electrical equipment, and other products. Zinc sulfide is used in making luminous dials, X-ray and TV screens, and fluorescent lights The chloride and chromate are also important compounds. Zinc is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Zinc was first discovered by Andreas Marggraf in 1746. The element name Zinc originates from the German word "zin" meaning tin. See Zinc research below.
Synthesis of four different antimony(III) O,O'-dialkyldithiophosphates: Characterization by (31)P CP/MAS NMR, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and adsorption at a stibnite surface (Sb(2)S(3)).
Larsson AC, Ivanov MA, Gerasimenko AV, Ivanov AV.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 Nov 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22115160
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Sensing of Aqueous Fluoride Anions by Cationic Stibine-Palladium Complexes.
Wade CR, Ke IS, Gabbaï FP.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Nov 24. doi: 10.1002/anie.201106242. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22113959
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electrical characterization of n/p-type nickel silicide/silicon junctions by Sb segregation.
Jun M, Park Y, Hyun Y, Choi SJ, Zyung T, Jang M.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Aug;11(8):7339-42.
PMID:
22103191
[PubMed - in process]
Hydride generation in-atomizer collection atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of antimony in acetic acid leachates from pewter cups.
Dessuy MB, Kratzer J, Vale MG, Welz B, Dedina J.
Talanta. 2011 Dec 15;87:255-61. Epub 2011 Oct 17.
PMID:
22099676
[PubMed - in process]
Electrical and optical performance of transparent conducting oxide films deposited by electrostatic spray assisted vapour deposition.
Hou X, Choy KL, Liu JP.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Sep;11(9):8114-9.
PMID:
22097539
[PubMed - in process]
Biomolecule-assisted green route to Sb2S3 crystals with three-dimensional dandelionlike patterns.
Xiang W, Ji G, Wei J, Yang Y, Yuan H, Liu X.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Sep;11(9):7820-32.
PMID:
22097493
[PubMed - in process]
Use of antimony in the treatment of leishmaniasis: current status and future directions.
Haldar AK, Sen P, Roy S.
Mol Biol Int. 2011;2011:571242. Epub 2011 Jun 8.
PMID:
22091408
[PubMed - in process]
Comparison between one day and two days protocols for sentinel node mapping of breast cancer patients.
Ali J, Alireza R, Mostafa M, Naser FM, Bahram M, Ramin S.
Hell J Nucl Med. 2011 Sep;14(3):313-5.
PMID:
22087458
[PubMed - in process]
Identification of Gunshot Residues in Fabric Targets Using Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Technique and Ternary Graphs*
Freitas JC, Sarkis JE, Neto ON, Viebig SB.
J Forensic Sci. 2011 Nov 10. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01956.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22074259
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
MAP Kinase1 of Leishmania Donovani: Down Regulation Associates With Antimony Resistance in Field Isolates.
Ashutosh, Garg M, Sundar S, Duncan R, Nakhasi HL, Goyal N.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22064540
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Use of carbon nanotubes and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for the speciation of very low amounts of arsenic and antimony in waters.
López-García I, Rivas RE, Hernández-Córdoba M.
Talanta. 2011 Oct 30;86:52-7. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
PMID:
22063510
[PubMed - in process]
Frequency of use controls chemical leaching from drinking-water containers subject to disinfection.
Andra SS, Makris KC, Shine JP.
Water Res. 2011 Dec 15;45(20):6677-87. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
PMID:
22040714
[PubMed - in process]
Antimony leaching from MSWI bottom ash: Modelling of the effect of pH and carbonation.
Cornelis G, Gerven TV, Vandecasteele C.
Waste Manag. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22035902
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Discovery of Safe and Orally Effective 4-Aminoquinaldine Analogues as Apoptotic Inducers with Activity against Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis.
Palit P, Hazra A, Maity A, Vijayan RS, Manoharan P, Banerjee S, Mondal NB, Ghoshal N, Ali N.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Oct 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22024817
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bone marrow leishmaniasis: a review of situation in Thailand.
Wiwanitkit V.
Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011 Oct;4(10):757-9.
PMID:
22014727
[PubMed - in process]
Spectroelectrochemistry of cytochrome c and azurin immobilized in nanoporous antimony-doped tin oxide.
Kwan P, Schmitt D, Volosin AM, McIntosh CL, Seo DK, Jones AK.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Dec 7;47(45):12367-9. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
PMID:
22011849
[PubMed - in process]
Structural diversity for phosphine complexes of stibenium and stibinidenium cations.
Chitnis SS, Peters B, Conrad E, Burford N, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Nov 8;47(45):12331-3. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
PMID:
22011846
[PubMed - in process]
Pressure-induced disordered substitution alloy in sb(2)te(3).
Zhao J, Liu H, Ehm L, Chen Z, Sinogeikin S, Zhao Y, Gu G.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Nov 21;50(22):11291-3. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
PMID:
22007692
[PubMed - in process]
Electrospun antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) nanofibers as a versatile conducting matrix.
Ostermann R, Zieba R, Rudolph M, Schlettwein D, Smarsly BM.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Nov 28;47(44):12119-21. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
PMID:
22003493
[PubMed - in process]
Multi-metal(loid) methylation in methanoarchaea is linked to central intermediates of methanogenesis.
Thomas F, Diaz-Bone RA, Wuerfel O, Huber B, Weidenbach K, Schmitz RA, Hensel R.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22003009
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Recent Research & Development for Zinc
The PHD Finger of Human UHRF1 Reveals a New Subgroup of Unmethylated Histone H3 Tail Readers.
Lallous N, Legrand P, McEwen AG, Ramón-Maiques S, Samama JP, Birck C.
PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27599. Epub 2011 Nov 11.
PMID:
22096602
[PubMed - in process]
The Pharmacological Mechanism of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibition by Green Tea, Rooibos and Enalaprilat - A Study on Enzyme Kinetics.
Persson IA.
Phytother Res. 2011 Sep 8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3588. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095883
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Chiral Nanoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks with High Porosity as Materials for Drug Delivery.
Sun CY, Qin C, Wang CG, Su ZM, Wang S, Wang XL, Yang GS, Shao KZ, Lan YQ, Wang EB.
Adv Mater. 2011 Nov 18. doi: 10.1002/adma.201102538. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095878
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Supramolecular Inclusion Complexes of Two Cyclic Zinc Bisporphyrins with C(60) and C(70) : Structural, Thermodynamic, and Photophysical Characterization.
Hernández-Eguía LP, Escudero-Adán EC, Pintre IC, Ventura B, Flamigni L, Ballester P.
Chemistry. 2011 Nov 17. doi: 10.1002/chem.201101511. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095593
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Clinical significance of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in human gastric cancer.
Okugawa Y, Toiyama Y, Tanaka K, Matsusita K, Fujikawa H, Saigusa S, Ohi M, Inoue Y, Mohri Y, Uchida K, Kusunoki M.
J Surg Oncol. 2011 Nov 17. doi: 10.1002/jso.22142. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095522
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Convenient photooxidation of alcohols using dye sensitised zinc oxide in combination with silver nitrate and TEMPO.
Jeena V, Robinson RS.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095311
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Controlled delivery of basal level of insulin from chitosan-zinc-insulin-complex-loaded thermosensitive copolymer.
Oak M, Singh J.
J Pharm Sci. 2011 Nov 17. doi: 10.1002/jps.22823. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095295
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
An important minority of prediabetic first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients derives from seroconversion to persistent autoantibody positivity after 10 years of age.
Vermeulen I, Weets I, Costa O, Asanghanwa M, Verhaeghen K, Decochez K, Ruige J, Casteels K, Wenzlau J, Hutton JC, Pipeleers DG, Gorus FK; the Belgian Diabetes Registry.
Diabetologia. 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095238
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Comparative kinome analysis to identify putative colon tumor biomarkers.
Hennig EE, Mikula M, Rubel T, Dadlez M, Ostrowski J.
J Mol Med (Berl). 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095101
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Zinc and the ERK Kinases in the Developing Brain.
Nuttall JR, Oteiza PI.
Neurotox Res. 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095091
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Exploring the microbial metalloproteome using MIRAGE.
Sevcenco AM, Pinkse MW, Wolterbeek HT, Verhaert PD, Hagen WR, Hagedoorn PL.
Metallomics. 2011 Nov 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22094925
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Zinc and Copper Deficiency In The Microvillus Inclusion Disease.
Diamanti A, Basso MS, Candusso M, Panetta F, Gambarara M.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Nov 15. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22094898
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Fortified juice drink improved iron and zinc status of schoolchildren.
Angeles-Agdeppa I, Magsadia CR, Capanzana MV.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(4):535-43.
PMID:
22094838
[PubMed - in process]
In situ kinetic study of zinc sulfide activation using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D).
Teng F, Liu Q, Zeng H.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093872
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Preparation and characterization of cobalt-substituted anthrax lethal factor.
Säbel CE, Carbone R, Dabous JR, Lo SY, Siemann S.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Nov 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093822
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Co-gasification of municipal solid waste and material recovery in a large-scale gasification and melting system.
Tanigaki N, Manako K, Osada M.
Waste Manag. 2011 Nov 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093706
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[The role of heme oxygenase 1 in hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis and mitochondrial trans membrane potential change in rat primary typeII alveolar epithelium cells].
Wu Y, Chen M, Wu S, Wang HM, Qian MJ, Wang YH, Fu XY.
Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2011 Nov;23(11):658-60. Chinese.
PMID:
22093310
[PubMed - in process]
Feed consumption, diet digestibility and mineral utilization in captive blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra) fed different levels of concentrates.
Das A, Katole S, Choubey M, Gupta SP, Saini M, Kumar V, Swarup D.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2011 Nov 17. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01245.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093070
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
An explorative study of non-invasive ultra-weak photon emission and the anti-oxidative influence of oral zinc sulphate in light-sensitive patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.
Petersen AB, Philipsen PA, Wulf HC.
Skin Res Technol. 2011 Nov 16. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00586.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22092997
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Metal-mediated affinity and orientation specificity in a computationally designed protein homodimer.
Der BS, Machius M, Miley MJ, Mills JL, Szyperski TA, Kuhlman B.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Nov 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22092237
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Recent Research & Development for Oxides
Andrographolide Inhibits PI3K/AKT-Dependent NOX2 and iNOS Expression Protecting Mice against Hypoxia/Ischemia-Induced Oxidative Brain Injury.
Chern CM, Liou KT, Wang YH, Liao JF, Yen JC, Shen YC.
Planta Med. 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512969
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Reexamination of the ORAC assay: effect of metal ions.
Nkhili E, Brat P.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 May;400(5):1451-1458. Epub 2011 Apr 6.
PMID:
21512895
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Muscle intracellular oxygenation during exercise: optimization for oxygen transport, metabolism, and adaptive change.
Wagner PD.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Apr 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512800
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
CuCl-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of 2,3-allenols to 1,2-allenic ketones with 1:1 combination of phenanthroline and bipyridine as ligands.
Gao S, Liu Y, Ma S.
Beilstein J Org Chem. 2011 Apr 7;7:396-403.
PMID:
21512599
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mitochondrial Structure and Function Are Disrupted by Standard Isolation Methods.
Picard M, Taivassalo T, Ritchie D, Wright KJ, Thomas MM, Romestaing C, Hepple RT.
PLoS One. 2011 Mar 28;6(3):e18317.
PMID:
21512578
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension.
Schulz E, Gori T, Münzel T.
Hypertens Res. 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512515
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Salidroside Attenuates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Cell Damage Through a cAMP-Dependent Pathway.
Guan S, Wang W, Lu J, Qian W, Huang G, Deng X, Wang X.
Molecules. 2011 Apr 19;16(4):3371-3379.
PMID:
21512445
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Factors Predicting Mortality in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Adults in Alberta.
Marrie TJ, Tyrrell GJ, Garg S, Vanderkooi OG.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512414
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Estimation of Oxygen Uptake From Heart Rate and Ratings of Perceived Exertion in Young Soccer Players.
Wong DP, Carling C, Chaouachi A, Dellal A, Castagna C, Chamari K, Behm DG.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Apr 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512400
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mitochondrial pathway leading to programmed cell death induced by aluminum phytotoxicity in Arabidopsis.
Li Z, Xing D.
Plant Signal Behav. 2010 Dec 1;5(12):1660-1662.
PMID:
21512328
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Autophagy in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia.
Watson AS, Mortensen M, Simon AK.
Cell Cycle. 2011 Jun 1;10(11). [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512311
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Direct Assessments of the Antioxidant Effects of the Novel Collagen Peptide on Reactive Oxygen Species Using Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy.
Kobayashi K, Maehata Y, Kawamura Y, Kusubata M, Hattori S, Tanaka K, Miyamoto C, Yoshino F, Yoshida A, Wada-Takahashi S, Komatsu T, Takahashi SS, Lee MC.
J Pharmacol Sci. 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512306
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A Strong Protective Action of Guttiferone-A, a Naturally Occurring Prenylated Benzophenone, Against Iron-Induced Neuronal Cell Damage.
Figueredo YN, García-Pupo L, Rubio OC, Hernández RD, Naal Z, Curti C, Andreu GL.
J Pharmacol Sci. 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512303
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of Intestinal Microflora on Superoxide Dismutase Activity in the Mouse Cecum.
Dobashi Y, Miyakawa Y, Yamamoto I, Amao H.
Exp Anim. 2011;60(2):133-139.
PMID:
21512268
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
??????Conservative Management of Achilles Tendon Wounds: Results of a Retrospective Study.
Kleinman Y, Cahn A.
Ostomy Wound Manage. 2011 Apr;57(4):32-40.
PMID:
21512191
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Laser-based absorption spectroscopy as a technique for rapid in-line analysis of respired gas concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Cummings B, Hamilton ML, Ciaffoni L, Pragnell TR, Peverall R, Ritchie GA, Hancock G, Robbins PA.
J Appl Physiol. 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512147
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The hypoxia associated factor (HAF) switches cells from HIF-1{alpha} to HIF-2{alpha} dependent signaling promoting stem cell characteristics, aggressive tumor growth and invasion.
Koh MY, Lemos R Jr, Liu XP, Powis G.
Cancer Res. 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512133
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Coactivators necessary for transcriptional output of the hypoxia inducible factor, HIF, are directly recruited by ARNT PAS-B.
Partch CL, Gardner KH.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512126
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Latitudinal Gradients in Greenhouse Seawater {delta}18O: Evidence from Eocene Sirenian Tooth Enamel.
Clementz MT, Sewall JO.
Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):455-458.
PMID:
21512030
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
High-Performance Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Derived from Polyaniline, Iron, and Cobalt.
Wu G, More KL, Johnston CM, Zelenay P.
Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):443-447.
PMID:
21512028
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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AZO (Antimony Zinc Oxide) is a highly insoluble thermally stable Aluminum source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems. They are compounds containing at least 
one oxygen anion and one metallic cation. They are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibit ionic conductivity. Metal oxide compounds are basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions. AZO (Antimony Zinc Oxide) is also available in pellets, pieces, powder, sputtering targets, tablets, and nanopowder (from American Elements' nanoscale production facilities). See Nanotechnology for more nanotechnology applications information. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.
Antimony is a Block P, Group 15, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Antimony's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3. In its elemental form antimony's CAS number is 7440-36-0. The antimony atom has a radius of 145.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. The chemical state of antimony affects the toxicity of the element and its
compounds. Antimony is finding use in semiconductor technology for making infrared detectors, diodes and Hall-effect devices in crystalline structures, such as antimony telluride and gallium antimonide. Antimony is however a poor conductor of heat and electricity. It greatly increases the hardness and mechanical strength of lead.
This has found applications in batteries, antifriction alloys, small arms and tracer bullets and cable sheathing. Antimony compounds are used in manufacturing flame-proofing compounds, paints, ceramic enamels, glass, and pottery glazes. Antimony is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. See Antimony research below.
Zinc is a Block D, Group 12, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Zinc's shells is 2, 8, 18, 2, and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2. In its elemental form zinc's CAS number is 7440-66-6. The zinc atom has a radius of 133.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 139.pm. Combined with other elements as ores, Zinc is found in nature. Zinc is considered non-toxicin healthy doses but can cause nausea if taken in excess. Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous metal which we produce in Special High Grade (SHG) purities. It is brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable at 100 to 150 o C. It is a fair conductor of electricity, and burns in air at high red heat with evolution of white clouds of the oxide. 
It has unusual electrical, thermal, optical, and 
solid-state properties that have not been fully investigated. The metal is employed to form numerous alloys with other metals. Brass, nickel, silver, commercial bronze, soft solder, and aluminum solder are some of the more important alloys. Large quantities of zinc are used to produce die castings, which are used extensively by the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. Zinc is also used extensively togalvanize other metals such as iron to prevent corrosion. Zinc oxide is widely used in the manufacture of paints, rubber products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, floor coverings, plastics, printing inks, soap, storage batteries, textiles, electrical equipment, and other products. Zinc sulfide is used in making luminous dials, X-ray and TV screens, and fluorescent lights The chloride and chromate are also important compounds. Zinc is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Zinc was first discovered by Andreas Marggraf in 1746. The element name Zinc originates from the German word "zin" meaning tin. See Zinc research below.
