American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Scandium Phosphide Sputtering targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Scandium as disc, granules, ingot, oxide pellets, oxide pieces, oxide powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Scandium is a Block D, Group 3, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Scandium's shells is 2, 8, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d1 4s2. In its elemental form scandium's CAS number is 7440-20-2. The scandium atom has a radius of 160.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Scandium is mildly toxic. Scandium is a metal that has many of the characteristics of the rare earth elements, particularly yttrium. It is a light material with a higher melting point than aluminum giving uses in aerospace and most recently, in racing bicycles and golf clubs. Doping zirconium oxide with scandium oxide produces a low temperature electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. Scandium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purityproperties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Scandium was first discovered by Lars Nilson in 1879.
Phosphorus is a Block P, Group 15, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Phosphorus's shells is 2, 8, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p3. In its elemental form Phosphorus's CAS number is 7723-14-0. The Phosphorus atom has a radius of 110.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180.pm. Although white phosphorus is very toxic, red phosphorus is not considered toxic. Phosphorus information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Chemical and biological evaluation of (153)Sm and (46/47)Sc complexes of indazolebisphosphonates for targeted radiotherapy.
Neves M, Teixeira FC, Antunes I, Majkowska A, Gano L, Santos AC.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 Sep 25. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20933431 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Laser ceramic materials for subpicosecond solid-state lasers using Nd3+-doped mixed scandium garnets.
Okada H, Tanaka M, Kiriyama H, Nakai Y, Ochi Y, Sugiyama A, Daido H, Kimura T, Yanagitani T, Yagi H, Meichin N.
Opt Lett. 2010 Sep 15;35(18):3048-50. doi: 10.1364/OL.35.003048.PMID: 20847774 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Effect of an Er,Cr:YSGG laser on water perfusion in human dentine.
Adu-Arko AY, Sidhu SK, McCabe JF, Pashley DH.
Eur J Oral Sci. 2010 Oct;118(5):483-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00768.x.PMID: 20831582 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Scandium-catalyzed propargylation of 1,3-diketones with propargyl alcohols bearing sulfur or selenium functional groups: useful transformation to furans and pyrans.
Ohta K, Kobayashi T, Tanabe G, Muraoka O, Yoshimatsu M.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2010;58(9):1180-6.PMID: 20823597 [PubMed - in process]Free ArticleRelated citations
A stereocontrolled synthesis of (±)-xenovenine via a scandium(III)-catalyzed internal aminodiene bicyclization terminated by a 2-(5-ethyl-2-thienyl)ethenyl group.
Jiang T, Livinghouse T.
Org Lett. 2010 Oct 1;12(19):4271-3.PMID: 20812756 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Nucleophilic scandium carbene complexes.
Fustier M, Le Goff XF, Le Floch P, Mézailles N.
J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Sep 29;132(38):13108-10.PMID: 20812676 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Efficacy of ultrasonic versus laser-activated irrigation to remove artificially placed dentin debris plugs.
De Moor RJ, Meire M, Goharkhay K, Moritz A, Vanobbergen J.
J Endod. 2010 Sep;36(9):1580-3.PMID: 20728731 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Efficient conversion of triacylglycerols and fatty acids to biodiesel in a microwave reactor using metal triflate catalysts.
Socha AM, Sello JK.
Org Biomol Chem. 2010 Oct 21;8(20):4753-6. Epub 2010 Aug 17.PMID: 20714659 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Ring deformation and pi-electron redistribution of methylbenzenes induced by metal coordination.
Lee JS, Lei Y, Kumari S, Yang DS.
J Phys Chem A. 2010 Sep 2;114(34):9136-43.PMID: 20701306 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Synthesis, structure, and density functional theory analysis of a scandium dinitrogen complex, [(C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Sc](2)(mu-eta(2):eta(2)-N(2)).
Demir S, Lorenz SE, Fang M, Furche F, Meyer G, Ziller JW, Evans WJ.
J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Aug 18;132(32):11151-8.PMID: 20698681 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Reactions of yttrium and scandium atoms with acetylene: a matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and theoretical study.
Teng YL, Xu Q.
J Phys Chem A. 2010 Sep 2;114(34):9069-73.PMID: 20695467 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Evaluation of antifungal efficacy of erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser against Candida albicans.
Onay EO, Alikaya C, Seker E.
Photomed Laser Surg. 2010 Aug;28 Suppl 1:S73-8.PMID: 20666577 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Soft X-ray imaging of thick carbon-based materials using the normal incidence multilayer optics.
Artyukov IA, Feschenko RM, Vinogradov AV, Bugayev YA, Devizenko OY, Kondratenko VV, Kasyanov YS, Hatano T, Yamamoto M, Saveliev SV.
Micron. 2010 Oct;41(7):722-8. Epub 2010 Jun 30.PMID: 20637640 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Group 3 metal complexes supported by tridentate pyridine- and thiophene-linked bis(naphtholate) ligands: synthesis, structure, and use in stereoselective ring-opening polymerization of racemic lactide and beta-butyrolactone.
Grunova E, Kirillov E, Roisnel T, Carpentier JF.
Dalton Trans. 2010 Aug 7;39(29):6739-52. Epub 2010 Jan 7.PMID: 20631952 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Treatment of Periorbital Wrinkles Using a 2,790-nm Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet Laser.
Lee JW, Kim BJ, Kim MN, Lee CK.
Dermatol Surg. 2010 Jul 9. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20629691 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
K2ScSn(AsO4)3: an arsenate-containing langbeinite.
Harrison WT.
Acta Crystallogr C. 2010 Jul;66(Pt 7):i82-4. Epub 2010 Jun 17.PMID: 20603547 [PubMed]Related citations
Synthesis and cytotoxic activities of group 3 metal complexes having monoanionic tridentate ligands.
Saturnino C, Napoli M, Paolucci G, Bortoluzzi M, Popolo A, Pinto A, Longo P.
Eur J Med Chem. 2010 Sep;45(9):4169-74. Epub 2010 Jun 12.PMID: 20591537 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
The low-lying states of the scandium dimer.
Camacho C, Witek HA, Cimiraglia R.
J Chem Phys. 2010 Jun 28;132(24):244306.PMID: 20590192 [PubMed]Related citations
Rare earth elements activate the secondary metabolite-biosynthetic gene clusters in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).
Tanaka Y, Hosaka T, Ochi K.
J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2010 Aug;63(8):477-81. Epub 2010 Jun 16.PMID: 20551989 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Sc-coated Si@Al(12) as high-capacity hydrogen storage medium.
Lu QL, Wan JG.
J Chem Phys. 2010 Jun 14;132(22):224308.PMID: 20550398 [PubMed]Related citations
Recent Research & Development for Phosphorus
Consumption of whole
grains is associated with improved diet quality and nutrient intake in children
and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004.
O'Neil CE, Nicklas TA, Zanovec M, Cho SS, Kleinman R. Public Health Nutr. 2010 Oct 6:1-9. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20923597.
Chemical and microbiological changes during
vermicomposting of coffee pulp using exotic (Eudrilus eugeniae) and native
earthworm (Perionyx ceylanesis) species. Raphael K, Velmourougane K. Biodegradation. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead
of print] PubMed PMID: 20922463.
Synthesis, structure,
and reductive elimination in the series Tp'Rh(PR(3))(Ar(F))H; Determination of
rhodium-carbon bond energies of fluoroaryl substituents. Tanabe T, Brennessel WW, Clot E, Eisenstein O, Jones WD. Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct
5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20924525.
Nutrient concentrations in Maryland non-tidal
streams. Morgan RP 2nd, Kline KM. Environ Monit Assess. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20890788.
Hereditary disorders of renal
phosphate wasting. Alizadeh Naderi AS, Reilly RF; Medscape. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20924400.
New Synthesis of 3-Trifluoromethylpyrroles by
Condensation of Mesoionic 4-Trifluoroacetyl-1,3-oxazolium-5-olates with
Phosphorus Ylides. Saijo R, Hagimoto Y, Kawase M. Org Lett. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20923166.
Structural and electronic properties of
luminescent copper(i) halide complexes of bis[2-(diphenylphosphano)phenyl] ether
(DPEphos). Crystal structure of [CuCl(DPEphos)(dmpymtH]. Aslanidis P, Cox PJ, Tsipis AC. Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct
4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20922239.
Changes in
Microbial Community Structure and Function of Drinking Water Treatment
Bioreactors Upon Phosphorus Addition. Li X, Upadhyaya G, Yuen W, Brown J, Morgenroth E, Raskin L. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20889793.
Determination of a set
of surrogate parameters to assess urban stormwater quality. Miguntanna NS, Egodawatta P, Kokot S, Goonetilleke A. Sci Total Environ.
2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20888615.
A review on the effects of environmental conditions on growth and toxin
production of Ostreopsis ovata. Pistocchi R, Pezzolesi L, Guerrini F, Vanucci S, Dell'aversano C, Fattorusso
E. Toxicon. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20920514.
Tenofovir-associated severe bone pain: I cannot walk! Jhaveri MA, Mawad HW, Thornton AC, Mullen NW, Greenberg RN. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS
Care (Chic Ill). 2010 Sep-Oct;9(5):328-34. PubMed PMID: 20923957.
Characteristics of contaminants in water and
sediment of a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater effluent. Lee S, Maniquiz MC, Kim LH. J Environ
Sci (China). 2010;22(6):940-5. PubMed PMID: 20923110.
Effect of a seasonal diffuse pollution migration on
natural organic matter behavior in a stratified dam reservoir. Yu SJ, Lee JY, Ha SR. J Environ Sci
(China). 2010;22(6):908-14. PubMed PMID: 20923105.
Water-saving
irrigation of paddy field to reduce nutrient runoff. Hitomi T, Iwamoto Y, Miura A, Hamada K, Takaki K, Shiratani E. J Environ Sci (China).
2010;22(6):885-91. PubMed PMID: 20923101.
Scenario
analysis for reduction of pollutant load discharged from a watershed by recycling
of treated water for irrigation. Shiratani E, Munakata Y, Yoshinaga I, Kubota T, Hamada K, Hitomi T. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):878-84. PubMed
PMID: 20923100.
Modeling the effects of constructed wetland
on nonpoint source pollution control and reservoir water quality improvement. Ham J, Yoon CG, Kim HJ, Kim HC. J
Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):834-9. PubMed PMID: 20923093.
Evaluation of non-point source
pollution reduction by applying best management practices using a SWAT model and
QuickBird high resolution satellite imagery. Lee M, Park G, Park M, Park J, Lee J, Kim S. J Environ Sci (China).
2010;22(6):826-33. PubMed PMID: 20923092.
Understanding nutrient
build-up on urban road surfaces. Miguntanna NP, Goonetilleke A, Egodowatta P, Kokot S. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):806-12. PubMed
PMID: 20923089.
Monitoring of non-point source pollutants
load from a mixed forest land use. Yoon SW, Chung SW, Oh DG, Lee JW. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):801-5.
PubMed PMID: 20923088.