Silicon Bromide is a highly water soluble crystalline Silicon source for uses compatible with Bromides and lower (acidic) pH. Metallic Bromides are marketed under the trade name AE Bromides™. Most metal bromide compounds are water soluble for uses in water treatment, chemical analysis and in ultra high purity for certain crystal growth applications. Bromide in an aqueous solution can be detected by adding Silicon disulfide (CS2) and chlorine. Silicon Bromide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Silicon is a Block P, Group 14, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Silicon's shells is 2, 8, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p2. In its elemental form silicon's CAS number is 7440-21-3. The silicon atom has a radius of 117.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 210.pm. Silicon is not toxic but can cause chronic respiratory problems if inhaled as a fine silica or silicate dust. Asbestos silicates are carcinogenic. Silicon is one of man's most useful elements. It makes up 25.7% of the earth's crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, being exceeded only by oxygen. The Czochralski process is commonly used to produce single crystals of silicon used for solid-state or semiconductor devices. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Silicon is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Ultra high purity silicon can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus , or arsenic to produce silicon for use in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices which are used extensively in the electronics and space-age industries. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon has shown promise in producing economical cells for converting solar energy into electricity. Silcones are important products of silicon. They range from liquids to hard, glasslike solids with many useful properties. Silicon was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1823. The name Silicon originates from the Latin word "silex" which means flint or hard stone. See Silicon research below.
The effect of one-step and multi-step polishing systems on surface texture of two different resin composites. Bashetty K, Joshi S. J Conserv Dent. 2010 Jan;13(1):34-8. PMID: 20582217 [PubMed - in process] Related citations
Effect of Flow Aids on Mucoadhesive Properties of Polymeric Discs of Polyoxyethylene and Carbopol 971P. Bele MH, Gholap VV, Joshi OU. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2010 Jan;72(1):128-9. PMID: 20582205 [PubMed - in process] Related citations
Boron toxicity tolerance in barley through reduced expression of the multifunctional aquaporin HvNIP2;1. Schnurbusch T, Hayes J, Hrmova M, Baumann U, Ramesh SA, Tyerman SD, Langridge P, Sutton T. Plant Physiol. 2010 Jun 25. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20581256 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related citations
Wetting properties of silicon films from alkyl-passivated particles produced by mechanochemical synthesis. Hallmann S, Fink MJ, Mitchell BS. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2010 May 6. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20580764 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related citations
Rapid synthesis of a versatile organic/inorganic hybrid material based on pyrogenic silica. Becuwe M, Cazier F, Woisel P, Landy D, Delattre F. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2010 Jun 8. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20580377 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related citations
Importance of dynamic culture for evaluating osteoblast activity on dense silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite. da Silva HM, Mateescu M, Damia C, Champion E, Soares G, Anselme K. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2010 Jun 1. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20579858 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related citations
Actions of the anti-cancer drug suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on human breast cancer cytoarchitecture in silicon microstructures. Strobl JS, Nikkhah M, Agah M. Biomaterials. 2010 Jun 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20579727 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related citations
Characterization of the wettability of thin nanostructured films in the presence of evaporation. Rogacs A, Steinbrenner JE, Rowlette JA, Weisse JM, Zheng XL, Goodson KE. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2010 May 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20579656 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related citations
Clustering and nearest neighbour distances in atom probe tomography: the influence of the interfaces. Philippe T, Cojocaru-Mirédin O, Duguay S, Blavette D. J Microsc. 2010 Jul 1;239(1):72-7. PMID: 20579271 [PubMed - in process] Related citations
A laboratory evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of selected root canal sealers. Mokeem-Saleh A, Hammad M, Silikas N, Qualtrough A, Watts DC. Int Endod J. 2010 Jun 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20579133 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related citations
Evolution of Various Porphyrin Nanostructures via an Oil/Aqueous Medium: Controlled Self-Assembly, Further Organization, and Supramolecular Chirality. Qiu Y, Chen P, Liu M. J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Jun 28. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20578772 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related citations
The Aromatic 8-Electron Cubic Silicon Clusters Be@Si(8), B@Si(8)(+), and C@Si(8)(2+). Ngan VT, Nguyen MT. J Phys Chem A. 2010 Jun 28. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20578767 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related citations
Electrical Sensor Array for Polymerase Chain Reaction-Free Messenger RNA Expression Profiling. Chen X, Roy S, Peng Y, Gao Z. Anal Chem. 2010 Jun 25. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20578701 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related citations
Efficient energy conversion of nanotube/nanowire-based solar cells. Shu Q, Wei J, Wang K, Song S, Guo N, Jia Y, Li Z, Xu Y, Cao A, Zhu H, Wu D. Chem Commun (Camb). 2010 Jun 24. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20577694 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related citations
Identification of local silicon cluster nanostructures inside Si(x)Ge(1-x) alloy nanocrystals by Raman spectroscopy. Liu LZ, Wu XL, Shen JC, Li TH, Gao F, Chu PK. Chem Commun (Camb). 2010 Jun 24. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20577672 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related citations
Coherent control of Rydberg states in silicon. Greenland PT, Lynch SA, van der Meer AF, Murdin BN, Pidgeon CR, Redlich B, Vinh NQ, Aeppli G. Nature. 2010 Jun 24;465(7301):1057-61. PMID: 20577211 [PubMed - in process] Related citations
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The effect of temperature changes on electrical performance of the betavoltaic cell. Wang G, Hu R, Wei H, Zhang H, Yang Y, Xiong X, Liu G, Luo S. Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 Jun 15. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20576441 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related citations
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Evaluation of human osteoblastic cell response to plasma-sprayed silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite coatings over titanium substrates. Gomes PS, Botelho C, Lopes MA, Santos JD, Fernandes MH. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2010 Jun 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20574971 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related citations
Synthesis of Enol Lactones via Cu(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular O-Vinylation of Carboxylic Acids.
Sun C, Fang Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Zhu S, Li C.
Org Lett. 2010 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19689116 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Formation of ArF from LPdAr(F): Catalytic Conversion of Aryl Triflates to Aryl Fluorides.
Watson DA, Su M, Teverovskiy G, Zhang Y, García-Fortanet J, Kinzel T, Buchwald SL.
Science. 2009 Aug 13. [Epub ahead of print]
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(2-Pyridyl)acetone-Promoted Cu-Catalyzed O-Arylation of Phenols with Aryl Iodides, Bromides, and Chlorides.
Zhang Q, Wang D, Wang X, Ding K.
J Org Chem. 2009 Aug 12. [Epub ahead of print]
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Ni-Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling of Nonactivated Alkyl Halides: Orthogonal Functionalization of Alkyl Iodides, Bromides, and Chlorides.
Vechorkin O, Barmaz D, Proust V, Hu X.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 11. [Epub ahead of print]
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Zn-mediated electrochemical allylation of aldehydes in aqueous ammonia.
Huang JM, Dong Y.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2009 Jul 14;(26):3943-5. Epub 2009 May 28.
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Practical Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Diaryl-, Aryl Heteroaryl-, and Diheteroarylmethanols.
Salvi L, Kim JG, Walsh PJ.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
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Direct Palladium-Catalyzed Arylations of Aryl Bromides with 2/9-Substituted Pyrimido[5,4-b]indolizines.
Jiang M, Li T, Meng L, Yang C, Xie Y, Ding J.
J Comb Chem. 2009 Jul 31. [Epub ahead of print]
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Versatile chemoselectivity in Ni-catalyzed multiple bond carbonylations and cyclocarbonylations in CO(2)-expanded liquids.
del Moral D, Banet Osuna AM, Córdoba A, Moretó JM, Veciana J, Ricart S, Ventosa N.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2009 Aug 21;(31):4723-5. Epub 2009 Jun 29.
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Highly Selective Biaryl Cross-Coupling Reactions between Aryl Halides and Aryl Grignard Reagents: A New Catalyst Combination of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Fluorides.
Hatakeyama T, Hashimoto S, Ishizuka K, Nakamura M.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print]
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Hexacationic Dendriphos Ligands in the Pd-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction: Scope and Mechanistic Studies.
Snelders DJ, van Koten G, Klein Gebbink RJ.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print]
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Can One Predict Changes from S(N)1 to S(N)2 Mechanisms?
Phan TB, Nolte C, Kobayashi S, Ofial AR, Mayr H.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 27. [Epub ahead of print]
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A General Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Azoles with Vinyl Bromides.
Liao Q, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xi C.
J Org Chem. 2009 Jul 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19603753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Kinetics of Bromine-Magnesium Exchange Reactions in Heteroaryl Bromides.
Shi L, Chu Y, Knochel P, Mayr H.
Org Lett. 2009 Jul 14. [Epub ahead of print]
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C5-Modified nucleosides exhibiting anticancer activity.
Lee YS, Park SM, Kim HM, Park SK, Lee K, Lee CW, Kim BH.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Aug 15;19(16):4688-91. Epub 2009 Jun 21.
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Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Ammonia with Aryl Chlorides, Bromides, Iodides, and Sulfonates: A General Method for the Preparation of Primary Arylamines.
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J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 10. [Epub ahead of print]
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New One-Pot Synthesis of (E)-beta-Aryl Vinyl Halides from Styrenes.
Pawluc´ P, Hreczycho G, Szudkowska J, Kubicki M, Marciniec B.
Org Lett. 2009 Jul 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19572730 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Scope and Limitation of Nickel-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Bromides from Formamide Derivatives.
Jo Y, Ju J, Choe J, Song KH, Lee S.
J Org Chem. 2009 Jul 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19572571 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electroencephalographic and behavioral convulsant effects of hydrobromide and hydrochloride salts of bupropion in conscious rodents.
Henshall DC, Dürmüller N, White HS, Williams R, Moser P, Dunleavy M, Silverstone PH.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2009;5:189-206. Epub 2009 Apr 8.
PMID: 19557114 [PubMed - in process]
A facile route to C2-substituted imidazolium ionic liquids.
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Molecules. 2009 Jun 19;14(6):2235-45.
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Synthesis of 1,3-amino alcohol derivatives via a silicon-mediated ring-opening of substituted piperidines.
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Org Lett. 2009 Jul 2;11(13):2940-2.
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Silicon Bromide is a highly water soluble crystalline Silicon source for uses compatible with Bromides and lower (acidic) pH. Metallic Bromides are marketed under the trade name AE Bromides™. Most metal bromide compounds are water soluble for uses in water treatment, chemical analysis and in ultra high purity for certain crystal growth applications. Bromide in an aqueous solution can be detected by adding Silicon disulfide (CS2) and chlorine. Silicon Bromide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Silicon is a Block P, Group 14, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Silicon's shells is 2, 8, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p2. In its elemental form silicon's CAS number is 7440-21-3. The silicon atom has a radius of 117.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 210.pm. Silicon is not toxic but can cause chronic respiratory problems if inhaled as a fine silica or silicate dust. Asbestos silicates are carcinogenic. Silicon is
one of man's most useful elements. It makes up 25.7% of the earth's crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, being exceeded only by oxygen. The Czochralski process is commonly used to produce single crystals of silicon used for solid-state or semiconductor devices. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Silicon is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Ultra high purity silicon can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus , or arsenic to produce silicon for use in 
transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices which are used extensively in the electronics and space-age industries. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon has shown promise in producing economical cells for converting solar energy into electricity. Silcones are important products of silicon. They range from liquids to hard, glasslike solids with many useful properties. Silicon was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1823. The name Silicon originates from the Latin word "silex" which means flint or hard stone. See Silicon research below.
