American Elements specializes in producing high purity Silicon Carbide Powder with the smallest possible average grain sizes for use in preparation of pressed and bonded sputtering targets and in Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Metallic-Organic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Powders are also useful in any application where high surface areas are desired such as water treatment and in fuel cell and solar applications. Nanoparticles (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) also produce very high surface areas. Our standard Powder particle sizes average in the range of - 325 mesh, - 100 mesh, 10-50 microns and submicron (< 1 micron). We can also provide many materials in the nanoscale range.
Silicon is a Block P, Group 14, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Silicon's shells is 2, 8, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p2. In its elemental form silicon's CAS number is 7440-21-3. The silicon atom has a radius of 117.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 210.pm. Silicon is not toxic but can cause chronic respiratory problems if inhaled as a fine silica or silicate dust. Asbestos silicates are carcinogenic. Silicon is one of man's most useful elements. It makes up 25.7% of the earth's crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, being exceeded only by oxygen. The Czochralski process is commonly used to produce single crystals of silicon used for solid-state or semiconductor devices. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Silicon is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Ultra high purity silicon can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus , or arsenic to produce silicon for use in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices which are used extensively in the electronics and space-age industries. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon has shown promise in producing economical cells for converting solar energy into electricity. Silcones are important products of silicon. They range from liquids to hard, glasslike solids with many useful properties. Silicon was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1823. The name Silicon originates from the Latin word "silex" which means flint or hard stone. See Silicon research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE THUMB WITH A MODIFIED WRAP-AROUND FLAP IN A PATIENT SUFFERING FROM ?-THALASSEMIA MINOR.
Galeano M, Checcucci G, Ceruso M.
Hand Surg. 2011;16(3):361-5.
PMID:
22072476
[PubMed - in process]
Isolated complete volar dislocation of the capitate: a case report.
Checcucci G, Bigazzi P, Zucchini M, Ceruso M.
Hand Surg. 2011;16(3):353-6.
PMID:
22072474
[PubMed - in process]
Dielectrophoretic chip with multilayer electrodes and micro-cavity array for trapping and programmably releasing single cells.
Chuang CH, Huang YW, Wu YT.
Biomed Microdevices. 2011 Nov 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22072154
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Structures of medium sized tin cluster anions.
Wiesel A, Drebov N, Rapps T, Ahlrichs R, Schwarz U, Kelting R, Weis P, Kappes MM, Schooss D.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22071636
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Discrimination task reveals differences in neural bases of tinnitus and hearing impairment.
Husain FT, Pajor NM, Smith JF, Kim HJ, Rudy S, Zalewski C, Brewer C, Horwitz B.
PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26639. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
PMID:
22066003
[PubMed - in process]
A suggested technique for the application of the cone beam computed tomography periapical index.
Esposito S, Cardaropoli M, Cotti E.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011 Dec;40(8):506-12.
PMID:
22065800
[PubMed - in process]
(4-Chloro-3-nitro-benzoato)triphenyl-tin(IV).
Win YF, Choong CS, Teoh SG, Quah CK, Fun HK.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):m1270-1. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
PMID:
22065496
[PubMed]
Bis{2-[(E)-(5-tert-butyl-2-hy-droxy-phen-yl)diazen-yl]benzoato}dimethyl-tin(IV).
Basu Baul TS, Paul A, Tiekink ER.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):m1383-4. Epub 2011 Sep 14.
PMID:
22065466
[PubMed]
catena-Poly[[triphenyl-tin(IV)]-?-5-amino-2-nitro-benzoato-?O:O].
Win YF, Choong CS, Teoh SG, Quah CK, Fun HK.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):m1276-7. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
PMID:
22064934
[PubMed]
Dual detection strategy for electrochemical analysis of glucose and nitrite using a partitionally modified electrode.
Wang J, Diao P, Zhang Q.
Analyst. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22064849
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
fac-(2-Amido-ethyl-?C,O)trichlorido(urea-?O)tin(IV).
Howie RA, de Lima GM, Tiekink ER, Wardell JL, Wardell SM.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):m1420-1. Epub 2011 Sep 30.
PMID:
22064619
[PubMed]
Highly sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on electrospun copper oxide-doped nickel oxide composite microfibers.
Cao F, Guo S, Ma H, Yang G, Yang S, Gong J.
Talanta. 2011 Oct 30;86:214-20. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
PMID:
22063533
[PubMed - in process]
Cross-Linked Perylene Diimide-Based n-Type Interfacial Layer for Inverted Organic Photovoltaic Devices.
Hains AW, Chen HY, Reilly TH, Gregg BA.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22059439
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bis-(chloro-acetato-?O)bis(trimethyl-silylmethyl)tin(IV).
Ding RF, Wang QB.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):m1190. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
PMID:
22058841
[PubMed]
A new langbeinite-type phosphate: K(2)AlSn(PO(4))(3).
Li HY, Zhao D.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):i56. Epub 2011 Sep 20.
PMID:
22058680
[PubMed]
Enhanced resistance of yeast mutants deficient in low-affinity iron and zinc transporters to stannous-induced toxicity.
Viau CM, Cardone JM, Guecheva TN, Yoneama ML, Dias JF, Pungartnik C, Brendel M, Saffi J, Henriques JA.
Chemosphere. 2011 Nov 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22055569
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Allylsilanes in "Tin-free" Oximation, Alkenylation, and Allylation of Alkyl Halides.
Rouquet G, Robert F, Méreau R, Castet F, Landais Y.
Chemistry. 2011 Nov 3. doi: 10.1002/chem.201101842. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22052660
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Surface Modification of Indium-Tin-Oxide Via Self-Assembly of a Donor-Acceptor Complex: A Density Functional Theory Study.
Li H, Winget P, Bredas JL.
Adv Mater. 2011 Nov 3. doi: 10.1002/adma.201103009. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22052626
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Minimally invasive video-assisted cardiac surgery: operative techniques, application fields and clinical outcomes.
Vistarini N, Aiello M, Viganň M.
Future Cardiol. 2011 Nov;7(6):775-87.
PMID:
22050064
[PubMed - in process]
Recent Research & Development for Carbon
Hydrothermal Decarboxylation and Hydrogenation of Fatty Acids over Pt/C.
Fu J, Lu X, Savage PE.
ChemSusChem. 2011 Jan 27. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201000370. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21275064 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Total Synthesis of cyclo-Mumbaistatin Analogues through Anionic Homo-Fries Rearrangement.
Neufeind S, Hülsken N, Neudörfl JM, Schlörer N, Schmalz HG.
Chemistry. 2011 Jan 27. doi: 10.1002/chem.201003166. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21274958 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
1,2-Diphosphaacenaphthene 1,2-Dications: Synthetic, Stereochemical and Computational Study of the Stabilising Role of Naphthalene-1,8-diyl Backbone.
Somisara DM, Bühl M, Lebl T, Richardson NV, Slawin AM, Woollins JD, Kilian P.
Chemistry. 2011 Jan 27. doi: 10.1002/chem.201002259. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21274955 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Theoretical Investigation of Carbon-Sulfur Triple Bonds.
Denis PA, Iribarne F.
Chemistry. 2011 Feb 7;17(6):1979-1987. doi: 10.1002/chem.201002840. Epub 2011 Jan 12.PMID: 21274950 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Nickel-Catalyzed, Cascade Cycloadditions of 1-Ethynyl-8-halonaphthalenes with Nitriles: Synthesis, Structure, and Physical Properties of New Pyrroloarenes.
Wu TC, Tai CC, Tiao HC, Kuo MY, Wu YT.
Chemistry. 2011 Feb 7;17(6):1930-1935. doi: 10.1002/chem.201002905. Epub 2011 Jan 5.PMID: 21274944 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Direct Determination of Bioavailable Molybdenum in Carbon Nanotubes.
Giovanni M, Ambrosi A, Pumera M.
Chemistry. 2011 Feb 7;17(6):1806-1810. doi: 10.1002/chem.201002979. Epub 2011 Jan 17.PMID: 21274931 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Regiodivergent Addition of Carbon Units to Dual-Activated Alkynes for Stereoselective Construction of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes.
Ueda M, Matsubara H, Yoshida KI, Sato A, Naito T, Miyata O.
Chemistry. 2011 Feb 7;17(6):1789-1792. doi: 10.1002/chem.201002744. Epub 2011 Jan 5. No abstract available. PMID: 21274928 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Selective Electron- or Hole-Transport Enhancement in Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells with N- or B-Doped Carbon Nanotubes.
Lee JM, Park JS, Lee SH, Kim H, Yoo S, Kim SO.
Adv Mater. 2011 Feb 1;23(5):629-633. doi: 10.1002/adma.201003296. Epub 2010 Nov 30. No abstract available. PMID: 21274910 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
2D correlation spectra edited by the sign of relative coupling constant.
Blechta V, Schraml J.
Magn Reson Chem. 2011 Jan 28. doi: 10.1002/mrc.2720. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21274902 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Variation in folate pathway genes and distal colorectal adenoma risk: a sigmoidoscopy-based case-control study.
Levine AJ, Lee W, Figueiredo JC, Conti DV, Vandenberg DJ, Davis BD, Edlund CK, Henning SM, Heber D, Stern MC, Haile RW.
Cancer Causes Control. 2011 Jan 28. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21274745 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Assessing the potential exposure risk and control for airborne titanium dioxide and carbon black nanoparticles in the workplace.
Ling MP, Chio CP, Chou WC, Chen WY, Hsieh NH, Lin YJ, Liao CM.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2011 Jan 28. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21274640 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Assessing the risk to firefighters from chemical vapors and gases during vehicle fire suppression.
Fent KW, Evans DE.
J Environ Monit. 2011 Jan 28. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21274476 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Seasonal evaluation of outdoor/indoor air quality in primary schools in Lisbon.
Pegas PN, Alves CA, Evtyugina MG, Nunes T, Cerqueira M, Franchi M, Pio CA, Almeida SM, Verde SC, Freitas MC.
J Environ Monit. 2011 Jan 27. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21274462 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Magnitude and Duration of Late Ordovician-Early Silurian Glaciation.
Finnegan S, Bergmann K, Eiler JM, Jones DS, Fike DA, Eisenman I, Hughes NC, Tripati AK, Fischer WW.
Science. 2011 Jan 27. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21273448 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Role of magnesium in alleviation of aluminium toxicity in plants.
Bose J, Babourina O, Rengel Z.
J Exp Bot. 2011 Jan 27. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21273333 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Staphylococcus aureus ClpC is involved in protection of carbon-metabolizing enzymes from carbonylation during stationary growth phase.
Chatterjee I, Maisonneuve E, Ezraty B, Herrmann M, Dukan S.
Int J Med Microbiol. 2011 Jan 25. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21273120 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Retrofit implementation of Zernike phase plate imaging for cryo-TEM.
Marko M, Leith A, Hsieh C, Danev R.
J Struct Biol. 2011 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21272647 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of Co-expression of Molecular Chaperones on Heterologous Soluble Expression of the Cold-active Lipase Lip-948.
Shuo-Shuo C, Xue-Zheng L, Ji-Hong S.
Protein Expr Purif. 2011 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21272645 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Transcriptional regulation of main metabolic pathways of cyoA, cydB, fnr, and fur gene knockout Escherichia coli in C-limited and N-limited aerobic continuous cultures.
Kumar R, Shimizu K.
Microb Cell Fact. 2011 Jan 27;10(1):3. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21272324 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Free Article
Microbial diversity associated with four functional groups of benthic reef algae and the reef-building coral Montastraea annularis.
Barott KL, Rodriguez-Brito B, Janouskovec J, Marhaver K, Smith JE, Keeling P, Rohwer FL.
Environ Microbiol. 2011 Jan 27. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02419.x. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21272183 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
American Elements specializes in producing high purity Silicon Carbide Powder with the smallest possible average grain sizes for use in preparation of pressed and bonded sputtering targets and in Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Metallic-Organic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Powders are also useful in any application where high surface areas are desired such as water treatment and in fuel cell and solar applications. Nanoparticles (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) also produce very high surface areas. Our standard Powder particle sizes average in the range of - 325 mesh, - 100 mesh, 10-50 microns and submicron (< 1 micron). We can also provide many materials in the nanoscale range.
Silicon is a Block P, Group 14, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Silicon's shells is 2, 8, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p2. In its elemental form silicon's CAS number is 7440-21-3. The silicon atom has a radius of 117.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 210.pm. Silicon is not toxic but can cause chronic respiratory problems if inhaled as a fine silica or silicate dust. Asbestos silicates are carcinogenic. Silicon is
one of man's most useful elements. It makes up 25.7% of the earth's crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, being exceeded only by oxygen. The Czochralski process is commonly used to produce single crystals of silicon used for solid-state or semiconductor devices. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Silicon is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Ultra high purity silicon can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus , or arsenic to produce silicon for use in 
transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices which are used extensively in the electronics and space-age industries. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon has shown promise in producing economical cells for converting solar energy into electricity. Silcones are important products of silicon. They range from liquids to hard, glasslike solids with many useful properties. Silicon was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1823. The name Silicon originates from the Latin word "silex" which means flint or hard stone. See Silicon research below. 
