Samarium Strontium Cobalt Oxide is used as material component in high performance solid oxide fuel cells and
is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Samarium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Samarium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f6 6s2. In its elemental form samarium's CAS number is 7440-19-9. The samarium atom has a radius of 180.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Samarium is somewhat toxic. Samarium is primarily utilized in the production of samarium-cobalt (Sm2Co17) permanent magnets. Samarium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is also used in laser applications and for its dielectric properties. Samarium-cobalt magnets replaced the more expensive platinum-cobalt magnets in the early 1970s. While now overshadowed by the less expensive neodymium-iron-boron magnet, they are still valued for their ability to function at high temperatures. They are utilized in lightweight electronic equipment where size or space is a limiting factor and where functionality at high temperature is a concern. Applications include electronic watches, aeospace equipment, microwave technology and servomotors. Because of its weak spectral absorption band samarium is used in the filter glass on Nd:YAG solid state lasers to surround the laser rod to improve efficiency by absorbing stray emissions. Samarium was first discovered by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1879. Samarium is named after the mineral samarskite. See Samarium research below.
Strontium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Strontium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 5s2. In its elemental form strontium's CAS number is 7440-24-6. The strontium atom has a radius of 215.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. The non-radioactive isotopes of Strontium are not toxic. Strontium has low tech applications as an additive to flares and pyrotechnics because of the bright crimson flame produced by its salts. Strontium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It also has many high technology applications because of its high refractive index as a titanate in glass, as a "getter" in electron tubes and as a dopant for numerous perovskite formulations to produce cathodes for oxygen generation or solid oxide fuel cells. Historically the primary use of strontium was to produce CRT glass for color television and computer tubes. Strontium was first discovered by A. Crawford in 1790. Strontium was named after the Scottish town it was discovered in, Strontian. See Strontium research below.
Cobalt is a Block D, Group 9, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Cobalt's shells is 2, 8, 15, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d7 4s2. In its elemental form cobalt's CAS number is 7440-48-4. The cobalt atom has a radius of 125.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Cobalt and its compounds are somewhat toxic by skin contact and moderately toxic by inhalation. Cobalt has a metallic permeability two thirds that of iron. It exists as a mixture of two allotropes over a wide temperature range. The transformation is slow and accounts in part for the wide variation in the physical properties of cobalt. It is alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual magnetic strength with many important uses. Samarium-cobalt is one of the highest strength magnet alloys known. Cobalt compounds produce a brilliant and permanent blue color in ceramic glazes, glass, pottery, tiles, and enamels. Co-60 is useful as a gamma ray source. Toxicity of cobalt and its compounds are mild by skin contact and moderate by ingestion. Cobalt is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Cobalt was first discovered by George Brandt in 1737. The origin of the word Cobalt comes from the German word 'Kobalt or Kobold' which translates as "goblin", "elf" or "evil spirit". See Cobalt research below.
Formula
CAS No.
Appearance
Molecular Weight
Solubility
Stability
Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3
Nanopowder particle size <100 nm
Insoluble in water, moderately soluble in strong mineral acids
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Selective separation of samarium(III) by synergistic extraction with ß-diketone and methylphenylphenanthroline carboxamide.
Hasegawa Y, Tamaki S, Yajima H, Hashimoto B, Yaita T.
Talanta. 2011 Sep 15;85(3):1543-8. Epub 2011 Jun 21.
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21807220
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Integral Stereocontrolled Synthesis of a Spiro-norlignan, Sequosempervirin A: Revision of Absolute Configuration.
Ito Y, Takahashi K, Nagase H, Honda T.
Org Lett. 2011 Aug 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21805972
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Interactions between metal ions and carbohydrates. Syntheses and spectroscopic studies of several lanthanide nitrate-d-galactitol complexes.
Yu L, Hua X, Pan Q, Yang L, Xu Y, Zhao G, Wang H, Wang H, Wu J, Liu K, Chen J.
Carbohydr Res. 2011 Jun 30. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21784418
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Chemical synthesis and evaluation of 17a-alkylated derivatives of estradiol as inhibitors of steroid sulfatase.
Fournier D, Poirier D.
Eur J Med Chem. 2011 Jun 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21782294
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Concise Syntheses of Strychnine and Englerin A: the Power of Reductive Cyclizations Triggered by Samarium Iodide.
Szostak M, Procter DJ.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Jul 20. doi: 10.1002/anie.201103128. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21780264
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Preparation and Quality Control of the [Sm]-Samarium Maltolate Complex as a Lanthanide Mobilization Product in Rats.
Naseri Z, Hakimi A, Jalilian AR, Nemati Kharat A, Bahrami-Samani A, Ghannadi-Maragheh M.
Sci Pharm. 2011 Jun;79(2):265-275. Epub 2011 Feb 24.
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21773065
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Synthesis and characterization of heterobimetallic oxo-bridged aluminum-rare Earth metal complexes.
Hao J, Li J, Cui C, Roesky HW.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Aug 15;50(16):7453-9. Epub 2011 Jul 15.
PMID:
21761836
[PubMed - in process]
Novel Supramolecular Assemblies Based on Coordination of Samarium Cation to Cucurbit[5]uril.
Chen K, Liang LL, Zhang YQ, Zhu QJ, Xue SF, Tao Z.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Aug 15;50(16):7754-60. Epub 2011 Jul 15.
PMID:
21761833
[PubMed - in process]
Total Synthesis of 10-Isocyano-4-cadinene and Its Stereoisomers and Evaluations of Antifouling Activities.
Nishikawa K, Nakahara H, Shirokura Y, Nogata Y, Yoshimura E, Umezawa T, Okino T, Matsuda F.
J Org Chem. 2011 Jul 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21755975
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tris[6-meth-oxy-2-(phenyl-iminiometh-yl)phenolato]-?O,O';?O-tris-(thio-cyanato-?N)samarium(III).
Ge GD, Shen JB, Zhao GL.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Jun 1;67(Pt 6):m706-7. Epub 2011 May 7.
PMID:
21754608
[PubMed]
{µ-6,6'-Dimeth-oxy-2,2'-[propane-1,3-diylbis(nitrilo-methanylyl-idene)]di-phenolato}dimethano-ltrinitrato-samarium(III)zinc(II) methanol disolvate.
Liu F, Zhang F.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 May 1;67(Pt 5):m525. Epub 2011 Apr 7.
PMID:
21754267
[PubMed]
Samarium Diiodide Induced Cyclizations of ?-, d- and e-Indolyl Ketones: Reductive Coupling, Intermolecular Trapping, and Subsequent Transformations of Indolines.
Beemelmanns C, Lentz D, Reissig HU.
Chemistry. 2011 Jul 8. doi: 10.1002/chem.201100981. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21744405
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
177Lu-Labeled methylene diphosphonate.
Chopra A.
Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2011.
2011 May 24 [updated 2011 Jun 30].
PMID:
21735586
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Radioisotopes for metastatic bone pain.
Roqué I Figuls M, Martinez-Zapata MJ, Scott-Brown M, Alonso-Coello P.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jul 6;(7):CD003347. Review.
PMID:
21735393
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Cubic and doubly-fused cubic samarium clusters from Sm(ii)-mediated reduction of organic azides and azobenzenes.
Pan CL, Chen W, Su S, Pan YS, Wang J.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Aug 21;40(31):7941-5. Epub 2011 Jun 30.
PMID:
21717024
[PubMed - in process]
ACR-ASTRO Practice Guideline for the Performance of Therapy With Unsealed Radiopharmaceutical Sources.
Henkin RE, Del Rowe JD, Grigsby PW, Hartford AC, Jadvar H, Macklis RM, Parker JA, Wong JY, Rosenthal SA.
Clin Nucl Med. 2011 Aug;36(8):e72-e80.
PMID:
21716005
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis and molecular structure of piperazidine-bridged bis(phenolate) samarium(ii) complex and its reactivity to carbodiimides.
Du Z, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Shen Q.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Aug 7;40(29):7639-44. Epub 2011 Jun 24.
PMID:
21701733
[PubMed - in process]
Theoretical Treatment of Redox Processes Involving Lanthanide(II) Compounds: Reactivity of Organosamarium(II) and Organothulium(II) Complexes with CO(2) and Pyridine.
Labouille S, Nief F, Maron L.
J Phys Chem A. 2011 Jul 28;115(29):8295-8301. Epub 2011 Jul 6.
PMID:
21675778
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
177Lu-Labeled ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid.
Chopra A.
Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2011.
2011 Apr 28 [updated 2011 May 26].
PMID:
21656987
[PubMed]
[170Tm]-Labeled ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid.
Chopra A.
Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2011.
2011 Apr 27 [updated 2011 May 26].
PMID:
21656985
[PubMed]
Recent Research & Development for Strontium
[Pain Control for Bone Metastasis Using Radioactive Strontium.]
Yamaguchi K.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2010 Oct;37(10):1868-1871. Japanese. PMID: 20948249 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Rapid sequential determination of Pu, (90)Sr and (241)Am nuclides in environmental samples using an anion exchange and Sr-Spec resins.
Lee MH, Ahn HJ, Park JH, Park YJ, Song K.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20947364 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Characterization of lead, barium and strontium leachability from foam glasses elaborated using waste cathode ray-tube glasses.
Yot PG, Méar FO.
J Hazard Mater. 2010 Sep 17. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20940082 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Cost-effectiveness of Denosumab for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Jönsson B, Ström O, Eisman JA, Papaioannou A, Siris ES, Tosteson A, Kanis JA.
Osteoporos Int. 2010 Oct 9. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20936401 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Raman spectroscopic study of mixed carbonate materials.
Kaabar W, Bott S, Devonshire R.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2010 Sep 17. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20934906 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Strontium Nitrate Extraction to Ionic Liquids by a Crown Ether: A Molecular Dynamics Study of Aqueous Interfaces with C(4)mim(+)- vs C(8)mim(+)-Based Ionic Liquids.
Chaumont A, Wipff G.
J Phys Chem B. 2010 Oct 8. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20932053 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Biosurfactant production and growth kinetics of bacteria in a designer marine medium: improved physiochemical properties.
Sivapathasekaran C, Mukherjee S, Sen R.
Biotechnol J. 2010 Oct;5(10):1060-8.PMID: 20931602 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Transport of Strontium and Cesium in Simulated Hanford Tank Waste Leachate through Quartz Sand under Saturated and Unsaturated Flow.
Rod KA, Um W, Flury M.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20886862 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Effects of Aluminum Exposure on Bone Mineral Density, Mineral, and Trace Elements in Rats.
Li X, Hu C, Zhu Y, Sun H, Li Y, Zhang Z.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20886309 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Preparation and characterization of trace elements-multidoped injectable biomimetic materials for minimally invasive treatment of osteoporotic bone trauma.
Yang X, Gan Y, Gao X, Zhao L, Gao C, Zhang X, Feng Y, Ting K, Gou Z.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20878988 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Gentamicin-loaded strontium-containing hydroxyapatite bioactive bone cement--an efficient bioactive antibiotic drug delivery system.
Liu WC, Wong CT, Fong MK, Cheung WS, Kao RY, Luk KD, Lu WW.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2010 Nov;95(2):397-406.PMID: 20878924 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Dietary strontium increases bone mineral density in intact zebrafish (Danio rerio): a potential model system for bone research.
Siccardi AJ 3rd, Padgett-Vasquez S, Garris HW, Nagy TR, D'Abramo LR, Watts SA.
Zebrafish. 2010 Sep;7(3):267-73.PMID: 20874492 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Impact of Treatments for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (Bisphosphonates, Parathyroid Hormone, Strontium Ranelate, and Denosumab) on Bone Quality: A Systematic Review.
Gallacher SJ, Dixon T.
Calcif Tissue Int. 2010 Sep 26. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20872215 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
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Brandi ML.
Curr Med Res Opin. 2010 Sep 21. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20858031 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Laser cooling of a diatomic molecule.
Shuman ES, Barry JF, Demille D.
Nature. 2010 Oct 14;467(7317):820-3. Epub 2010 Sep 19.PMID: 20852614 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
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St-Amant N, Whyte JC, Rousseau ME, Lariviere D, Kurt Ungar R, Johnson S.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 Aug 25. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20846869 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
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Lyritis GP, Georgoulas T, Zafeiris CP.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Sep;1205(1):277-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05666.x. Review.PMID: 20840284 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Determination and Evaluation of the Mineral Composition of Obi (Cola acuminate).
Martins VS, de Jesus RM, da Silva EG, Fragoso WD, Ferreira SL.
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Effects of strontium in modified biomaterials.
Zhang W, Shen Y, Pan H, Lin K, Liu X, Darvell BW, Lu WW, Chang J, Deng L, Wang D, Huang W.
Acta Biomater. 2010 Sep 6. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20826233 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Tetra-kis(3-cyano-pyridine-?N)bis-(thio-cyanato-?N)cobalt(II) 1,4-dioxane disolvate.
Diehr S, Wöhlert S, Boeckmann J, Näther C.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1898. Epub 2011 Nov 30.
PMID:
22199656
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bis(2,4-dioxo-5,5-diphenyl-imidazol-idin-ido-?N)bis-(propane-1,3-diamine-?N,N')cobalt(II).
Hu X, Jiang Q, Wang D, Liu H.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1885. Epub 2011 Nov 30.
PMID:
22199646
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Poly[aqua-{?(3)-5-[(pyridin-2-ylmeth-yl)amino]-isophthalato-?N,N':O,O:O}cobalt(II)].
Zhu XH, Cheng XC.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1862. Epub 2011 Nov 30.
PMID:
22199630
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
catena-Poly[[[cis-aqua-dibromido-cobalt(II)]-?-(pyrazine-2-carb-oxy-lic acid)-?N,O:N] monohydrate].
Dares C, Fournier R, Lever AB.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1798-m1799. Epub 2011 Nov 23.
PMID:
22199583
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Poly[di-?(2)-aqua-?(5)-(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ato)-?(3)-(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ato)-cobalt(II)disodium].
Boyko AN, Golenya IA, Izotova YA, Haukka M, Prisyazhnaya EV.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1782-m1783. Epub 2011 Nov 19.
PMID:
22199572
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Diaqua-bis-(pyridine-2-sulfonato-?N,O)cobalt(II).
Li ZS, Ng SW.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1781. Epub 2011 Nov 19.
PMID:
22199571
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bis[tris-(ethyl-enediamine-?N,N')cobalt(III)] octa-kis-?-(3)-oxido-hexa-deca-?(2)-oxido-tetra-deca-oxido-?(12)-tetra-oxo-silicato-octa-molybdenum(VI)hexa-vanadium(IV,V) hexa-hydrate.
Lu YK, Tian MM, Xu SG, Lü RQ, Liu YQ.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1776-m1777. Epub 2011 Nov 19.
PMID:
22199568
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tetra-aqua-bis-(2-{[5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfan-yl}acetato)-cobalt(II) monohydrate.
Yang GR, Li GT.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1746-m1747. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
PMID:
22199545
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tetra-aqua-bis-[3-(pyridin-4-yl)benzoato-?N]cobalt(II).
Wang HR, Li GT.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1743. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
PMID:
22199542
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Poly[[tetra-aqua-(?(4)-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxyl-ato)(?(3)-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxyl-ato)-?(3)-sulfato-?(2)-sulfato-cobalt(II)digadolinium(III)] monohydrate].
Zhu LC.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1741-m1742. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
PMID:
22199541
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Hexaaqua-cobalt(II) bis-(5-acetyl-2-hy-droxy-benzoate) dihydrate.
Han LJ, Yang SP, Fu LL, Gao HL.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1733. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
PMID:
22199535
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dichlorido[(4E,11E)-5,7,12,14-tetra-benzyl-7,14-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-deca-4,11-diene]cobalt(III) perchlorate.
Roy TG, Hazari SK, Barua KK, Ng SW, Tiekink ER.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1722-m1723. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
PMID:
22199529
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
{1,2-Bis[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-?N)meth-yl]benzene}-dichloridozinc(II).
Guzei IA, Spencer LC, Budhai A, Darkwa J.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1715-m1716. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
PMID:
22199525
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
catena-Poly[[bis-(2,4-dichloro-benzoato)bis-(methanol-?O)cobalt(II)]-?-4,4'-bipyridine-?N:N'].
Hyun MY, Kim PG, Kim C, Kim Y.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1705. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
PMID:
22199519
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bis(pentane-2,4-dionato-?O,O')(1,10-phenanthroline-?N,N')cobalt(II).
Perdih F.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1697. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199513
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Diaqua-bis-(dihydrogen 3-aza-niumyl-1-hy-droxy-propyl-idene-1,1-di-phos-phon-ato-?O,O')cobalt(II).
Tsaryk NV, Dudko AV, Kozachkova AN, Pekhnyo VI.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1694. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199511
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tetra-aqua-bis-{3-carb-oxy-5-[(4-carb-oxy-phen-yl)diazen-yl]benzoato-?O}cobalt(II) dihydrate.
Bai L, Zhao J.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1689. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199506
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tetra-aqua-bis-(2-methyl-1H-imidazole-?N)cobalt(II) naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate.
Jin Y.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1686. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199503
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Diaqua-bis-(dimethyl sulfoxide-?O)bis(saccharinato-?N)cobalt(II).
Potwana FS, Van Zyl WE.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1667-m1668. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199492
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Pulmonary toxicity after exposure to military-relevant heavy metal tungsten alloy particles.
Roedel EQ, Cafasso DE, Lee KW, Pierce LM.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22198552
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Samarium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Samarium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f6 6s2. In its elemental form samarium's CAS number is 7440-19-9. The samarium atom has a radius of 180.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Samarium is somewhat toxic. Samarium is primarily utilized in the production of samarium-cobalt (Sm2Co17) permanent magnets. Samarium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds
as 
submicron and nanopowder. It is also used in laser applications and for its dielectric properties. Samarium-cobalt magnets replaced the more expensive platinum-cobalt magnets in the early 1970s. While now overshadowed by the less expensive neodymium-iron-boron magnet, they are still valued for their ability to function at high temperatures. They are utilized in lightweight electronic equipment where size or space is a limiting factor and where functionality at high temperature is a concern. Applications include electronic watches, aeospace equipment, microwave technology and servomotors. Because of its weak spectral absorption band samarium is used in the filter glass on Nd:YAG solid state lasers to surround the laser rod to improve efficiency by absorbing stray emissions. Samarium was first discovered by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1879. Samarium is named after the mineral samarskite. See Samarium research below. 
Strontium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Strontium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 5s2. In its elemental form strontium's CAS number is 7440-24-6. The strontium atom has a radius of 215.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. The non-radioactive isotopes of Strontium are not toxic. Strontium has low tech applications as an additive to flares and pyrotechnics because of the bright crimson flame
produced by its salts. Strontium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It also has many high technology applications because of its high refractive index as a titanate in glass, as a "getter" in 
electron tubes and as a dopant for numerous perovskite formulations to produce cathodes for oxygen generation or solid oxide fuel cells. Historically the primary use of strontium was to produce CRT glass for color television and computer tubes. Strontium was first discovered by A. Crawford in 1790. Strontium was named after the Scottish town it was discovered in, Strontian. See Strontium research below. 
Cobalt is a Block D, Group 9, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Cobalt's shells is 2, 8, 15, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d7 4s2. In its elemental form cobalt's CAS number is 7440-48-4. The cobalt atom has a radius of 125.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Cobalt and its compounds are somewhat toxic by skin contact and moderately toxic by inhalation. Cobalt has a metallic permeability two thirds that of iron. It exists as a mixture of two allotropes over a wide temperature range. The transformation is slow and accounts in part for the wide variation in the physical properties of cobalt. It is alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual magnetic strength with many 
important 
uses. Samarium-cobalt is one of the highest strength magnet alloys known. Cobalt compounds produce a brilliant and permanent blue color in ceramic glazes, glass, pottery, tiles, and enamels. Co-60 is useful as a gamma ray source. Toxicity of cobalt and its compounds are mild by skin contact and moderate by ingestion. Cobalt is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Cobalt was first discovered by George Brandt in 1737. The origin of the word Cobalt comes from the German word 'Kobalt or Kobold' which translates as "goblin", "elf" or "evil spirit". See Cobalt research below. 
