(3N) 99.9% Tin Lead Silver Bismuth Alloy Particles
SNPB-AGBI-M-03-PTCS
(4N) 99.99% Tin Lead Silver Bismuth Alloy Particles
SNPB-AGBI-M-04-PTCS
(5N) 99.999% Tin Lead Silver Bismuth Alloy Particles
SNPB-AGBI-M-05-PTCS
American Elements specializes in producing high purity Tin Lead Silver Bismuth Alloy Particles with the smallest possible average grain sizes for use in preparation of pressed and bonded sputtering targets and in Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Metallic-Organic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Metal particle powders are used in a variety of applications including, additives in paint and other coatings, in solid fuels and cements, as pigments in printing and packaging and dietary supplements in food processing. Current trends in particle usage or in development include commercialization of technologies such as rapid solidification and metal injection molding and production of dense powder metallurgy products.Tin Particles are also available as Nanoparticles (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots). Our standard Powder particle sizes average in the range of - 325 mesh, - 100 mesh, 10-50 microns and submicron (< 1 micron). We can also provide many materials in the nanoscale range. See research below.We also produce Tin as rod, ingot, pieces, pellets, disc, granules, wire, and in compound forms, such as oxide. Other shapes are available by request
Tin is a Block P, Group 14, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Tin's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2. In its elemental form tin's CAS number is 7440-31-5. The tin atom has a radius of 140.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 217.pm. Organometallic compounds of tin are very toxic and tin salts are also considered to be toxic. Tin as single atoms or molecules are not toxic. Tin compounds sprayed onto glass are used to produce electrically conductive coatings. These have been used for panel lighting and for frost-free windshields. Most window glass is now made by floating molten glass on molten tin (float glass) to produce a flat surface. Crystalline tin-niobium alloy is superconductive at very low temperatures. This promises to be important in the construction of superconductive magnets that generate enormous field strengths but use practically no power. Tin is the basis for many eutectic alloys and the discovery by early man that copper could be better formed and crafted if tin were added producing the first bronze and launching what we refer to as the "Bronze Age" and the first Neolithic metal tools, cooking utensils, and jewelry produced from rudimentary bronze. An important tin compound is the chloride, which is used as a reducing agent and as a mordant in calico printing. Tin is also used in various metal alloys (See AE Alloys). Tin was first discovered by Early Man.The origin of the word tin comes from the Latin word Stannum which translates to the Anglo-Saxon word tin.
See Tin research below.
Lead is a Block P, Group 14, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Lead's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2. In its elemental form lead's CAS number is 7439-92-1. The lead atom has a radius of 175.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 202.pm. Lead and its compounds are poisonous. Lead is a bluish-white metal of bright luster, naturally occurring as a mixture of four stable isotopes: 204Pb (1.48%), 206Pb (23.6%), 207Pb (22.6%), and 208Pb (52.3%). It is highly resistant to corrosion and can be used to contain corrosive liquids such as sulfuric acid. Great quantities of Lead, both as the dioxide and the metal, are used in batteries, cable covering, plumbing, and ammunition. Alloys include solder, type metal, and various antifriction metals and compounds. Lead is extremely effective at absorbing sound and vibration. It is also used as radiation shielding for X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors. Oxides of Lead are used in producing fine "crystal glass" and "flint glass" of a high index of refraction for achromatic lenses. Lead ceramics and crystalline material have a wide range of industrial and optical applications, including infrared detection and imaging. Lead-based semiconductors, such as lead telluride, lead selenide and lead antimonide are finding application in photovoltaic (solar energy) cells and infra red detectors. Lead was first discovered by Early Man. The origin of the name Lithium comes from the Greek word protos meaning "first". See Lead research below.
Silver is a Block D, Group 11, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Silver's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr]4d10 5s1. In its elemental form silver's CAS number is 7440-22-4. The silver atom has a radius of 144.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 144.pm. Silver is not toxic although most silver salts are poisonous. Silver has a brilliant white metallic luster. It is a little harder than gold and is very ductile and malleable, being exceeded only by gold and perhaps palladium. Pure silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals, and possesses the lowest contact resistance. It is stable in pure air and water, but tarnishes when exposed to ozone, hydrogen sulfide, or air containing sulfur. Silver nitrate has wide application in painting, xerography, chemical electroplating, in components for electric batteries and in medicine as catalyst. Silver chloride is another important compound, due to its ductility and malleability. The organic compounds of the element are used in the coating of several metals and in dynamite or other explosive bars. Metallic silver is used as a catalyst of several oxidation reactions such as those of ethanol and other alcohols. Silver is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Silver was first discovered by Early Man. Silver was named after the Anglo-Saxon word "seolfor" or "siolfur" meaning 'silver'. See Silver research below.
Bismuth is a Block P, Group 15, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Bismuth's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3. In its elemental form bismuth's CAS number is 7440-69-9. The bismuth atom has a radius of 154.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Bismuth is not toxic. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals, and the thermal conductivity is lower than any metal, except mercury. Bismuth is not toxic. It has a high electrical resistance, and has the highest Hall Effect of any metal (i.e., greatest increase in electrical resistance when placed in a magnetic field). Bismuth expands on solidification. This property makes bismuth alloys particularly suited to the making of sharp castings of objects subject to damage by high temperatures. With other metals such as tin, cadmium , etc., bismuth forms low-melting alloys which are extensively used for safety devices in fire detection and extinguishing systems. Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is finding use as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers. When bismuth is heated in air it burns with a blue flame, forming yellow fumes of the oxide. The metal is also used as a thermocoupling material, and has found application as a carrier for 235 U or 233 U fuel in nuclear reactors. Its soluble salts are characterized by forming unsoluble basic salts on the addition of water, a property sometimes used in detection work. Bismuth oxychloride is used extensively in cosmetics. Bismuth was first discovered by Early Man. The name Bismuth originates from the German word 'wissmuth' meaning white mass. See Bismuth research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE THUMB WITH A MODIFIED WRAP-AROUND FLAP IN A PATIENT SUFFERING FROM ?-THALASSEMIA MINOR.
Galeano M, Checcucci G, Ceruso M.
Hand Surg. 2011;16(3):361-5.
PMID:
22072476
[PubMed - in process]
Isolated complete volar dislocation of the capitate: a case report.
Checcucci G, Bigazzi P, Zucchini M, Ceruso M.
Hand Surg. 2011;16(3):353-6.
PMID:
22072474
[PubMed - in process]
Dielectrophoretic chip with multilayer electrodes and micro-cavity array for trapping and programmably releasing single cells.
Chuang CH, Huang YW, Wu YT.
Biomed Microdevices. 2011 Nov 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22072154
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Structures of medium sized tin cluster anions.
Wiesel A, Drebov N, Rapps T, Ahlrichs R, Schwarz U, Kelting R, Weis P, Kappes MM, Schooss D.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22071636
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Discrimination task reveals differences in neural bases of tinnitus and hearing impairment.
Husain FT, Pajor NM, Smith JF, Kim HJ, Rudy S, Zalewski C, Brewer C, Horwitz B.
PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26639. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
PMID:
22066003
[PubMed - in process]
A suggested technique for the application of the cone beam computed tomography periapical index.
Esposito S, Cardaropoli M, Cotti E.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011 Dec;40(8):506-12.
PMID:
22065800
[PubMed - in process]
(4-Chloro-3-nitro-benzoato)triphenyl-tin(IV).
Win YF, Choong CS, Teoh SG, Quah CK, Fun HK.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):m1270-1. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
PMID:
22065496
[PubMed]
Bis{2-[(E)-(5-tert-butyl-2-hy-droxy-phen-yl)diazen-yl]benzoato}dimethyl-tin(IV).
Basu Baul TS, Paul A, Tiekink ER.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):m1383-4. Epub 2011 Sep 14.
PMID:
22065466
[PubMed]
catena-Poly[[triphenyl-tin(IV)]-?-5-amino-2-nitro-benzoato-?O:O].
Win YF, Choong CS, Teoh SG, Quah CK, Fun HK.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):m1276-7. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
PMID:
22064934
[PubMed]
Dual detection strategy for electrochemical analysis of glucose and nitrite using a partitionally modified electrode.
Wang J, Diao P, Zhang Q.
Analyst. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22064849
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
fac-(2-Amido-ethyl-?C,O)trichlorido(urea-?O)tin(IV).
Howie RA, de Lima GM, Tiekink ER, Wardell JL, Wardell SM.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):m1420-1. Epub 2011 Sep 30.
PMID:
22064619
[PubMed]
Highly sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on electrospun copper oxide-doped nickel oxide composite microfibers.
Cao F, Guo S, Ma H, Yang G, Yang S, Gong J.
Talanta. 2011 Oct 30;86:214-20. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
PMID:
22063533
[PubMed - in process]
Cross-Linked Perylene Diimide-Based n-Type Interfacial Layer for Inverted Organic Photovoltaic Devices.
Hains AW, Chen HY, Reilly TH, Gregg BA.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22059439
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bis-(chloro-acetato-?O)bis(trimethyl-silylmethyl)tin(IV).
Ding RF, Wang QB.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):m1190. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
PMID:
22058841
[PubMed]
A new langbeinite-type phosphate: K(2)AlSn(PO(4))(3).
Li HY, Zhao D.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):i56. Epub 2011 Sep 20.
PMID:
22058680
[PubMed]
Enhanced resistance of yeast mutants deficient in low-affinity iron and zinc transporters to stannous-induced toxicity.
Viau CM, Cardone JM, Guecheva TN, Yoneama ML, Dias JF, Pungartnik C, Brendel M, Saffi J, Henriques JA.
Chemosphere. 2011 Nov 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22055569
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Allylsilanes in "Tin-free" Oximation, Alkenylation, and Allylation of Alkyl Halides.
Rouquet G, Robert F, Méreau R, Castet F, Landais Y.
Chemistry. 2011 Nov 3. doi: 10.1002/chem.201101842. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22052660
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Surface Modification of Indium-Tin-Oxide Via Self-Assembly of a Donor-Acceptor Complex: A Density Functional Theory Study.
Li H, Winget P, Bredas JL.
Adv Mater. 2011 Nov 3. doi: 10.1002/adma.201103009. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22052626
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Minimally invasive video-assisted cardiac surgery: operative techniques, application fields and clinical outcomes.
Vistarini N, Aiello M, Viganò M.
Future Cardiol. 2011 Nov;7(6):775-87.
PMID:
22050064
[PubMed - in process]
Clinical features of gout.
Grassi W, De Angelis R.
Reumatismo. 2012 Jan 19;63(4):238-45. doi: 10.4081/reumatismo.2011.238.
PMID:
22303530
[PubMed - in process]
Increased GABA(A) Receptor e-Subunit Expression on Ventral Respiratory Column Neurons Protects Breathing during Pregnancy.
Hengen KB, Nelson NR, Stang KM, Johnson SM, Crader SM, Watters JJ, Mitchell GS, Behan M.
PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e30608. Epub 2012 Jan 31.
PMID:
22303446
[PubMed - in process]
Epigenomics in environmental health.
Christensen BC, Marsit CJ.
Front Genet. 2011;2:84. Epub 2011 Nov 22.
PMID:
22303378
[PubMed - in process]
The functional consequences of relative substrate specificity in complex biochemical systems.
Zeng Y.
Front Genet. 2011;2:65. Epub 2011 Sep 20.
PMID:
22303360
[PubMed - in process]
Origin and evolution of antibiotic resistance: the common mechanisms of emergence and spread in water bodies.
Lupo A, Coyne S, Berendonk TU.
Front Microbiol. 2012;3:18. Epub 2012 Jan 26.
PMID:
22303296
[PubMed - in process]
Structural Anisotropy in Polar Fluids Subjected to Periodic Boundary Conditions.
Stenhammar J, Karlström G, Linse P.
J Chem Theory Comput. 2011 Dec 13;7(12):4165-4174. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
PMID:
22303290
[PubMed]
Developing a model for resource room training for slow learners in normal schools.
Krishnakumar P, Jisha AM, Sukumaran SK, Nair MK.
Indian J Psychiatry. 2011 Oct;53(4):336-9.
PMID:
22303043
[PubMed - in process]
Assessing the risk of international spread of yellow Fever virus: a mathematical analysis of an urban outbreak in asuncion, 2008.
Johansson MA, Arana-Vizcarrondo N, Biggerstaff BJ, Gallagher N, Marano N, Staples JE.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Feb;86(2):349-58.
PMID:
22302873
[PubMed - in process]
A 2,6-Disubstituted 4-Anilinoquinazoline Derivative Facilitates Cardiomyogenesis of Embryonic Stem Cells.
Shen G, Hu Y, Wu J, Jin K, Zhu D, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Lou Y.
ChemMedChem. 2012 Feb 2. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.201100603. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302775
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
R179H mutation in ACTA2 expanding the phenotype to include prune-belly sequence and skin manifestations.
Richer J, Milewicz DM, Gow R, de Nanassy J, Maharajh G, Miller E, Oppenheimer L, Weiler G, O'Connor M.
Am J Med Genet A. 2012 Feb 2. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35206. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302747
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Uncoupling of RAD51 focus formation and cell survival after replication fork stalling in RAD51D null CHO cells.
Urbin SS, Elvers I, Hinz JM, Helleday T, Thompson LH.
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2012 Mar;53(2):114-24. doi: 10.1002/em.21672. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
PMID:
22302683
[PubMed - in process]
Operating Room Traffic is a Major Concern During Total Joint Arthroplasty.
Panahi P, Stroh M, Casper DS, Parvizi J, Austin MS.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012 Feb 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302655
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Improving test properties for neonatal cystic fibrosis screening in the Netherlands before the nationwide start by May 1st 2011.
Cornel MC, Gille JJ, Loeber JG, Langen AM, Dankert-Roelse J, Bolhuis PA.
J Inherit Metab Dis. 2012 Feb 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302635
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A functional variation in the hypocretin neuropeptide precursor gene may be associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Japan.
Ahmed WA, Tsutsumi M, Nakata S, Mori T, Nishimura Y, Fujisawa T, Kato I, Nakashima M, Kurahashi H, Suzuki K.
Laryngoscope. 2012 Feb 2. doi: 10.1002/lary.23179. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302634
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Lack of Cardiac Nerve Sprouting after Intramyocardial Transplantation of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in a Swine Model of Chronic Ischemic Myocardium.
Liu Y, Lai WH, Liao SY, Siu CW, Yang YZ, Tse HF.
J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2012 Feb 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302631
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Direct-to-Consumer Personal Genomic Testing: A Case Study and Practical Recommendations for "Genomic Counseling"
Sturm AC, Manickam K.
J Genet Couns. 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302621
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Fungicide impacts on photosynthesis in crop plants.
Petit AN, Fontaine F, Vatsa P, Clément C, Vaillant-Gaveau N.
Photosynth Res. 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302592
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Membrane-Bound Toll-Like Receptors are Overexpressed in Peripheral Blood and Synovial Fluid Mononuclear Cells of Enthesitis-Related Arthritis Category of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA-ERA) Patients and Lead to Secretion of Inflammatory Mediators.
Myles A, Rahman MT, Aggarwal A.
J Clin Immunol. 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302567
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Comment: PML and adhesion molecule therapy.
Tyler KL, Bennett JL.
Neurology. 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302549
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Contributing factors to surgical site infections.
Harrop JS, Styliaras JC, Ooi YC, Radcliff KE, Vaccaro AR, Wu C.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012 Feb;20(2):94-101.
PMID:
22302447
[PubMed - in process]
Contemporary management of lymph node metastases from an unknown primary to the neck: II. A review of therapeutic options.
Strojan P, Ferlito A, Langendijk JA, Corry J, Woolgar JA, Rinaldo A, Silver CE, Paleri V, Fagan JJ, Pellitteri PK, Haigentz M Jr, Suárez C, Robbins KT, Rodrigo JP, Olsen KD, Hinni ML, Werner JA, Mondin V, Kowalski LP, Devaney KO, de Bree R, Takes RP, Wolf GT, Shaha AR, Genden EM, Barnes L.
Head Neck. 2011 Oct 27. doi: 10.1002/hed.21899. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22034062
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Contemporary management of lymph node metastases from an unknown primary to the neck: I. A review of diagnostic approaches.
Strojan P, Ferlito A, Medina JE, Woolgar JA, Rinaldo A, Robbins KT, Fagan JJ, Mendenhall WM, Paleri V, Silver CE, Olsen KD, Corry J, Suárez C, Rodrigo JP, Langendijk JA, Devaney KO, Kowalski LP, Hartl DM, Haigentz M Jr, Werner JA, Pellitteri PK, de Bree R, Wolf GT, Takes RP, Genden EM, Hinni ML, Mondin V, Shaha AR, Barnes L.
Head Neck. 2011 Oct 27. doi: 10.1002/hed.21898. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22034046
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Feeding deterrent activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Manilkara zapota leaf extract against the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae).
Kamaraj C, Rajakumar G, Rahuman AA, Velayutham K, Bagavan A, Zahir AA, Elango G.
Parasitol Res. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22033735
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The magnet® model: an infrastructure for excellence.
Luzinski C.
J Nurs Adm. 2011 Nov;41(11):441-2.
PMID:
22033310
[PubMed - in process]
Surface tunability of nanoparticles in modulating platelet functions.
Deb S, Raja SO, Dasgupta AK, Sarkar R, Chattopadhyay AP, Chaudhuri U, Guha P, Sardar P.
Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22033068
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bio-based nanocomposite coating to preserve quality of Fior di latte cheese.
Gammariello D, Conte A, Buonocore GG, Del Nobile MA.
J Dairy Sci. 2011 Nov;94(11):5298-304.
PMID:
22032352
[PubMed - in process]
European ban on stem-cell patents has a silver lining.
Callaway E.
Nature. 2011 Oct 24;478(7370):441. doi: 10.1038/478441a. No abstract available.
PMID:
22031415
[PubMed - in process]
Use of atorvastatin in systemic lupus erythematosus in children and adolescents.
Schanberg LE, Sandborg C, Barnhart HX, Ardoin SP, Yow E, Evans GW, Mieszkalski KL, Ilowite NT, Eberhard A, Imundo LF, Kimura Y, von Scheven E, Silverman E, Bowyer SL, Punaro L, Singer NG, Sherry DD, McCurdy D, Klein-Gitelman M, Wallace C, Silver R, Wagner-Weiner L, Higgins GC, Brunner HI, Jung L, Soep JB, Reed AM, Provenzale J, Thompson SD; for the APPLE investigators..
Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Oct 26. doi: 10.1002/art.30645. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22031171
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Biomimetic synthesis of chiral erbium-doped silver/peptide/silica core-shell nanoparticles (ESPN).
Mantion A, Graf P, Florea I, Haase A, Thünemann AF, Masic A, Ersen O, Rabu P, Meier W, Luch A, Taubert A.
Nanoscale. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22031101
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effect of tetracycline on the bond performance of etch-and-rinse adhesives to dentin.
Stanislawczuk R, Costa JA, Polli LG, Reis A, Loguercio AD.
Braz Oral Res. 2011 Oct;25(5):459-65.
PMID:
22031061
[PubMed - in process]
Measuring quality of life in cleft lip and palate patients: currently available patient-reported outcomes measures.
Eckstein DA, Wu RL, Akinbiyi T, Silver L, Taub PJ.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Nov;128(5):518e-26e.
PMID:
22030513
[PubMed - in process]
A systematic review of silver-containing dressings and topical silver agents (used with dressings) for burn wounds.
Aziz Z, Abu SF, Chong NJ.
Burns. 2011 Oct 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22030441
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
CTSA-IP: A Solution to Identifying and Aggregating Intellectual Property across the NIH Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) Consortium of Biomedical Research Institutes.
Hazard M, Steele S, Wang D, Pearson T, Scheideler M, Dewhurst S.
Clin Transl Sci. 2011 Oct;4(5):328-331. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00308.x.
PMID:
22029803
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Use of Fluorescent DNA-Templated Gold/Silver Nanoclusters for the Detection of Sulfide Ions.
Chen WY, Lan GY, Chang HT.
Anal Chem. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22029551
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
What Point-of-Use Water Treatment Products Do Consumers Use? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial among the Urban Poor in Bangladesh.
Luoto J, Najnin N, Mahmud M, Albert J, Islam MS, Luby S, Unicomb L, Levine DI.
PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26132. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
PMID:
22028817
[PubMed - in process]
Correction: circulating soluble endoglin levels in pregnant women in cameroon and Malawi-associations with placental malaria and fetal growth restriction.
Silver KL, Conroy AL, Leke RG, Leke RJ, Gwanmesia P, Molyneux ME, Wallace Taylor D, Rogerson SJ, Kain KC.
PLoS One. 2011;6(10). doi: 10.1371/annotation/e9946f72-821d-45ea-bcd4-3fa3ff89a5fe. Epub 2011 Oct 7.
PMID:
22028764
[PubMed - in process]
Fc receptor-like 5 promotes B cell proliferation and drives the development of cells displaying switched isotypes.
Dement-Brown J, Newton CS, Ise T, Damdinsuren B, Nagata S, Tolnay M.
J Leukoc Biol. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22028333
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Colorimetric detection of copper ions in tap water during the synthesis of silver/dopamine nanoparticles.
Ma YR, Niu HY, Zhang XL, Cai YQ.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Oct 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22027901
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Measuring and manipulating subjective organization after traumatic brain injury.
Parente R, Demott E, Johnson C, Jennings P, Silver R.
NeuroRehabilitation. 2011 Jan 1;29(2):117-24.
PMID:
22027072
[PubMed - in process]
Development of a Histidine-Targeted Spectrophotometric Sensor Using Ni(II)NTA Functionalized Au and Ag Nanoparticles.
Swartz JD, Gulka CP, Haselton FR, Wright DW.
Langmuir. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22026818
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Recent Research & Development for Bismuth
Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Brazil: clarithromycin is still a good option.
Jaime Natan E, Silva FM, Barbuti RC, Navarro-Rodriguez T, Moraes-Filho JP, Pedrazzoli J Jr.
Arq Gastroenterol. 2011 Dec;48(4):261-4.
PMID:
22147131
[PubMed - in process]
Towards better photocatalysts: first-principles studies of the alloying effects on the photocatalytic activities of bismuth oxyhalides under visible light.
Zhang H, Liu L, Zhou Z.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Dec 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22146949
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A stannum-bismuth composite film electrode for simultaneous determination of zinc(ii) and cadmium(ii) using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry.
Li NB, Zhu WW, Luo JH, Luo HQ.
Analyst. 2011 Dec 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22145153
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Conductive scanning probe microscopy of nanostructured Bi(2)Te(3).
Souier T, Li G, Santos S, Stefancich M, Chiesa M.
Nanoscale. 2011 Dec 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22143255
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Near-infrared ultrabroadband luminescence spectra properties of subvalent bismuth in CsI halide crystals.
Su L, Zhao H, Li H, Zheng L, Ren G, Xu J, Ryba-Romanowski W, Lisiecki R, Solarz P.
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J Am Coll Radiol. 2011 Dec;8(12):878-9. No abstract available.
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Treatment and diagnostic accuracy of neurosyphilis at Boston City Hospital's Neurological Unit, 1930-1979.
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Three novel Bi(iii) complexes with in situ generated anilate ligands: unusual oxidation of cyclohexanedione to dihydroxy benzoquinone.
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Novel in situ N-Doped (BiO)2CO3 Hierarchical Microspheres Self-Assembled by Nanosheets as Efficient and Durable Visible Light Driven Photocatalyst.
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Langmuir. 2011 Nov 28. [Epub ahead of print]
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From {Bi(22) O(26) } to Chiral Ligand-Protected {Bi(38) O(45) }-Based Bismuth Oxido Clusters.
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Metronidazole-based quadruple versus standard triple therapy: which is better as first-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication?
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Influences of Oxygen Pressure on Optical Properties and Interband Electronic Transitions in Multiferroic Bismuth Ferrite Nanocrystalline Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition.
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ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]
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Hydride generation in-atomizer collection atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of antimony in acetic acid leachates from pewter cups.
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Aerosol Deposition of Hydroxyapatite and 4-Hexylresorcinol Coatings on Titanium Alloys for Dental Implants.
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Tin is a Block P, Group 14, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Tin's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2. In its elemental form tin's CAS number is 7440-31-5. The tin atom has a radius of 140.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 217.pm. Organometallic compounds of tin are very toxic and tin salts are also considered to be toxic. Tin as single atoms or molecules are not toxic. Tin compounds sprayed onto glass are used to produce electrically conductive coatings. These have been used for panel lighting and for frost-free windshields. Most window glass is now made by floating molten glass on molten tin (float glass) to produce a flat surface. Crystalline tin-niobium alloy is superconductive at very low temperatures. This 
promises to be important in the construction of superconductive magnets 
that generate enormous field strengths but use practically no power. Tin is the basis for many eutectic alloys and the discovery by early man that copper could be better formed and crafted if tin were added producing the first bronze and launching what we refer to as the "Bronze Age" and the first Neolithic metal tools, cooking utensils, and jewelry produced from rudimentary bronze. An important tin compound is the chloride, which is used as a reducing agent and as a mordant in calico printing. Tin is also used in various metal alloys (See AE Alloys). Tin was first discovered by Early Man.The origin of the word tin comes from the Latin word Stannum which translates to the Anglo-Saxon word tin.
See Tin research below.
Lead is a Block P, Group 14, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Lead's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2. In its elemental form lead's CAS number is 7439-92-1. The lead atom has a radius of 175.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 202.pm. Lead and its compounds are poisonous. Lead is a bluish-white metal of bright luster, naturally occurring as a mixture of four stable isotopes: 204Pb (1.48%), 206Pb (23.6%), 207Pb (22.6%), and 208Pb (52.3%). It is highly resistant to corrosion and can be used to contain corrosive liquids such as sulfuric acid. Great quantities of Lead, 
both as the dioxide and the metal, are used in batteries, cable covering, plumbing, and ammunition. Alloys include solder, type metal, and various antifriction metals and compounds. Lead is extremely effective at absorbing sound and vibration. It is also used 
as radiation shielding for X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors. Oxides of Lead are used in producing fine "crystal glass" and "flint glass" of a high index of refraction for achromatic lenses. Lead ceramics and crystalline material have a wide range of industrial and optical applications, including infrared detection and imaging. Lead-based semiconductors, such as lead telluride, lead selenide and lead antimonide are finding application in photovoltaic (solar energy) cells and infra red detectors. Lead was first discovered by Early Man. The origin of the name Lithium comes from the Greek word protos meaning "first". See Lead research below. 
Silver is a Block D, Group 11, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Silver's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr]4d10 5s1. In its elemental form silver's CAS number is 7440-22-4. The silver atom has a radius of 144.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 144.pm. Silver is not toxic although most silver salts are poisonous. Silver has a brilliant white metallic luster. It is a little harder than gold and is very ductile and malleable, being exceeded only by gold and perhaps palladium. Pure silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals, 
and possesses the lowest contact resistance. It is stable in pure air and water, but tarnishes when 
exposed to ozone, hydrogen sulfide, or air containing sulfur. Silver nitrate has wide application in painting, xerography, chemical electroplating, in components for electric batteries and in medicine as catalyst. Silver chloride is another important compound, due to its ductility and malleability. The organic compounds of the element are used in the coating of several metals and in dynamite or other explosive bars. Metallic silver is used as a catalyst of several oxidation reactions such as those of ethanol and other alcohols. Silver is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Silver was first discovered by Early Man. Silver was named after the Anglo-Saxon word "seolfor" or "siolfur" meaning 'silver'. See Silver research below. 
Bismuth is a Block P, Group 15, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Bismuth's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3. In its elemental form bismuth's CAS number is 7440-69-9. The bismuth atom has a radius of 154.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Bismuth is not toxic. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals, and the thermal conductivity is lower than any metal, except mercury. Bismuth is not toxic. It has a high electrical resistance, and has the highest Hall Effect of any metal (i.e., greatest increase in electrical resistance when placed in a magnetic field). Bismuth expands on solidification. This property makes bismuth alloys particularly suited to the making of sharp castings of objects subject to damage by high temperatures. With other metals
such as tin, cadmium , etc., bismuth forms low-melting alloys which 
are extensively used for safety devices in fire detection and extinguishing systems. Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is finding use as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers. When bismuth is heated in air it burns with a blue flame, forming yellow fumes of the oxide. The metal is also used as a thermocoupling material, and has found application as a carrier for 235 U or 233 U fuel in nuclear reactors. Its soluble salts are characterized by forming unsoluble basic salts on the addition of water, a property sometimes used in detection work. Bismuth oxychloride is used extensively in cosmetics. Bismuth was first discovered by Early Man. The name Bismuth originates from the German word 'wissmuth' meaning white mass. See Bismuth research below.
