Sodium Perchlorate Hydrate
is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Sodium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Sodium's shells is 2, 8, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s1. In its elemental form sodium's CAS number is 7440-23-5. The sodium atom has a radius of 185.8.pm and it's Van der Waalsradius is 227.pm. Sodium is not toxic but skin contact may cause irritation and burns. Sodium is primarily used in its metallic form in the production of chemical esters and in the manufacturing of various other organic compounds. The metal is used in the alloy of tin, nickel and copper for its structural characteristics. Sodium is availableas metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. High purity sodium compounds are used as reducing agents. Sodium compounds are used in low tech applications throughout industry. Sodium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807. The name Sodium comes from the Latin word "natrium" which means sodium carbonate. See Sodium research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
The role of nitric oxide on DNA damage induced by benzene metabolites.
Melikian AA, Chen KM, Li H, Sodum R, Fiala E, El-Bayoumy K.
Oncol Rep. 2008 May;19(5):1331-7.
PMID:
18425395
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
["Ischemia/reperfusion" for stem cells of two "critical" cell renewal systems of organism].
Konopliannikov AG, Konopliannikova OA, Proskuriakov SIa.
Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2005 Sep-Oct;45(5):605-9. Russian.
PMID:
16304777
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Induction of preneoplastic lung lesions in guinea pigs by cigarette smoke inhalation and their exacerbation by high dietary levels of vitamins C and E.
Fiala ES, Sohn OS, Wang CX, Seibert E, Tsurutani J, Dennis PA, El-Bayoumy K, Sodum RS, Desai D, Reinhardt J, Aliaga C.
Carcinogenesis. 2005 Mar;26(3):605-12. Epub 2004 Dec 3.
PMID:
15579485
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Analysis of peroxynitrite reactions with guanine, xanthine, and adenine nucleosides by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection: C8-nitration and -oxidation.
Sodum RS, Fiala ES.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2001 Apr;14(4):438-50.
PMID:
11304133
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Determination of 3-nitrotyrosine by high-pressure liquid chromatography with a dual-mode electrochemical detector.
Sodum RS, Akerkar SA, Fiala ES.
Anal Biochem. 2000 May 1;280(2):278-85.
PMID:
10790311
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
N2-amination of guanine to 2-hydrazinohypoxanthine, a novel in vivo nucleic acid modification produced by the hepatocarcinogen 2-nitropropane.
Sodum RS, Fiala ES.
Chem Res Toxicol. 1998 Dec;11(12):1453-9.
PMID:
9860487
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Amination of tyrosine in liver cytosol protein of male F344 rats treated with 2-nitropropane, 2-nitrobutane, 3-nitropentane, or acetoxime.
Sodum RS, Fiala ES.
Chem Res Toxicol. 1997 Dec;10(12):1420-6.
PMID:
9437534
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Inhibition of 2-nitropropane-induced rat liver DNA and RNA damage by benzyl selenocyanate.
Fiala ES, Sohn OS, Li H, El-Bayoumy K, Sodum RS.
Carcinogenesis. 1997 Sep;18(9):1809-15.
PMID:
9328179
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate, a polyphenolic tea antioxidant, inhibits peroxynitrite-mediated formation of 8-oxodeoxyguanosine and 3-nitrotyrosine.
Fiala ES, Sodum RS, Bhattacharya M, Li H.
Experientia. 1996 Sep 15;52(9):922-6.
PMID:
8841522
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Secondary nitroalkanes: induction of DNA repair in rat hepatocytes, activation by aryl sulfotransferase and hepatocarcinogenicity of 2-nitrobutane and 3-nitropentane in male F344 rats.
Fiala ES, Sodum RS, Hussain NS, Rivenson A, Dolan L.
Toxicology. 1995 May 5;99(1-2):89-97.
PMID:
7762004
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Activation of the liver carcinogen 2-nitropropane by aryl sulfotransferase.
Sodum RS, Sohn OS, Nie G, Fiala ES.
Chem Res Toxicol. 1994 May-Jun;7(3):344-51.
PMID:
7521230
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
2-Nitropropane-induced liver DNA and RNA base modifications: differences between Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand white rabbits.
Fiala ES, Nie G, Sodum R, Conaway CC, Sohn OS.
Cancer Lett. 1993 Oct 15;74(1-2):9-14.
PMID:
7506989
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
2,3-epoxy-4-hydroxynonanal as a potential tumor-initiating agent of lipid peroxidation.
Chung FL, Chen HJ, Guttenplan JB, Nishikawa A, Hard GC.
Carcinogenesis. 1993 Oct;14(10):2073-7.
PMID:
8222056
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
8-Aminoguanine: a base modification produced in rat liver nucleic acids by the hepatocarcinogen 2-nitropropane.
Sodum RS, Nie G, Fiala ES.
Chem Res Toxicol. 1993 May-Jun;6(3):269-76.
PMID:
8318648
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Acute toxicity of trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in Fisher 344 rats [corrected].
Nishikawa A, Sodum R, Chung FL.
Lipids. 1992 Jan;27(1):54-8. Erratum in: Lipids 1993 Oct;28(10):961.
PMID:
1608305
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Computer-assisted automated synthesis. III. Synthesis of substituted N-(carboxyalkyl) amino-acid tert-butyl ester derivatives.
Hayashi N, Sugawara T, Kato S.
J Automat Chem. 1991;13(5):187-97.
PMID:
18924904
[PubMed]
Stereoselective formation of in vitro nucleic acid adducts by 2,3-epoxy-4-hydroxynonanal.
Sodum RS, Chung FL.
Cancer Res. 1991 Jan 1;51(1):137-43.
PMID:
1703030
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Structural characterization of adducts formed in the reaction of 2,3-epoxy-4-hydroxynonanal with deoxyguanosine.
Sodum RS, Chung FL.
Chem Res Toxicol. 1989 Jan-Feb;2(1):23-8.
PMID:
2519227
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
1,N2-ethenodeoxyguanosine as a potential marker for DNA adduct formation by trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal.
Sodum RS, Chung FL.
Cancer Res. 1988 Jan 15;48(2):320-3.
PMID:
3335007
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Reactions of nucleosides with glyoxal and acrolein.
Shapiro R, Sodum RS, Everett DW, Kundu SK.
IARC Sci Publ. 1986;(70):165-73.
PMID:
3793171
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Sodium Perchlorate Hydrate
is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Sodium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Sodium's shells is 2, 8, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s1. In its elemental form sodium's CAS number is 7440-23-5. The sodium atom has a radius of 185.8.pm and it's Van der Waalsradius is 227.pm. Sodium is not toxic but skin contact may cause irritation and burns. Sodium is primarily used in its metallic form in the production of 
chemical esters and in the manufacturing of various other organic compounds. The metal is used in the alloy of tin, nickel and copper for its structural characteristics. Sodium is availableas metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. High purity sodium compounds are used as reducing agents. Sodium compounds are used in low tech applications throughout industry. Sodium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807. The name Sodium comes from the Latin word "natrium" which means sodium carbonate. See Sodium research below. 
