American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Tantalum Phosphide Sputtering targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Tantalum as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Tantalum is a Block D, Group 5, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Tantalum's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2. In its elemental form tantalum's CAS number is 7440-25-7. The tantalum atom has a radius of 143.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Tantalum is not toxic. Tantalum has a number of interesting properties that make it particularly useful in electronic applications. Tantalum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It has the third highest melting point, surpassed only by rhenium and tungsten, yet it is highly conductive to heat and electricity. This has made it the material of choice for electronic capacitors for most telecommunications and hand held electronics equipment, such as cell phones, laptop computers and pagers. Tantalum compounds, such as the oxide and chloride, are the basis for di-electric coatings. Tantalum is added to glass for its high refractive index. It has various applications in nuclear energy. Due to the close relation of tantalum to niobium in the periodic table, Tantalum's name originates from the Greek word Tantalos meaning Father of Niobe in Greek mythology. See Tantalum research below. See Tantalum research below.
Phosphorus is a Block P, Group 15, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Phosphorus's shells is 2, 8, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p3. In its elemental form Phosphorus's CAS number is 7723-14-0. The Phosphorus atom has a radius of 110.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180.pm. Although white phosphorus is very toxic, red phosphorus is not considered toxic. Phosphorus information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Mitral Valve Annuloplasty : A Quantitative Clinical and Mechanical Comparison of Different Annuloplasty Devices.
Rausch MK, Bothe W, Kvitting JP, Swanson JC, Miller DC, Kuhl E.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22037916
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Tetrahydrometalate Species VH2(H2), NbH4, and TaH4: Matrix Infrared Spectra and Quantum Chemical Calculations.
Wang X, Andrews L.
J Phys Chem A. 2011 Oct 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22017260
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Controlled Synthesis of Tantalum Oxynitride and Nitride Nanoparticles.
Gao Q, Giordano C, Antonietti M.
Small. 2011 Oct 19. doi: 10.1002/smll.201101207. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22009942
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Surgical Technique: Porous Tantalum Reconstruction for Destructive Nonprimary Periacetabular Tumors.
Khan FA, Rose PS, Yanagisawa M, Lewallen DG, Sim FH.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21989784
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Carbon Radical Generation by d(0) Tantalum Complexes with ?-Diimine Ligands through Ligand-Centered Redox Processes.
Tsurugi H, Saito T, Tanahashi H, Arnold J, Mashima K.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Oct 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21981364
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Trabecular metal cup without augments for acetabular revision in case of extensive bone loss and low bone-prosthesis contact.
Pierannunzii L, Mambretti A, D'Imporzano M.
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2011 Jan-Mar;24(1 Suppl 2):133-7.
PMID:
21669152
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Effects of the [OC6F5] moiety upon structural geometry: crystal structures of half-sandwich tantalum(V) aryloxide complexes from reaction of Cp*Ta(N(t)Bu)(CH2R)2 with pentafluorophenol.
Cole JM, Chan MC, Gibson VC, Howard JA.
Acta Crystallogr B. 2011 Oct;67(Pt 5):416-24. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
PMID:
21931211
[PubMed]
Surgical Technique: A Cup-in-Cup Technique to Restore Offset in Severe Protrusio Acetabular Defects.
Blumenfeld TJ, Bargar WL.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011 Sep 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21915769
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tantalum (oxy)nitrides: Preparation, characterisation and enhancement of photo-Fenton-like degradation of atrazine under visible light.
Du Y, Zhao L, Su Y.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Nov 15;195:291-7. Epub 2011 Aug 22.
PMID:
21885191
[PubMed - in process]
Prospective Results of Uncemented Tantalum Monoblock Tibia in Total Knee Arthroplasty Minimum 5-Year Follow-up in Patients Younger Than 55 Years.
Kamath AF, Lee GC, Sheth NP, Nelson CL, Garino JP, Israelite CL.
J Arthroplasty. 2011 Aug 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21872424
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
X-ray absorption, photoemission spectroscopy, and Raman scattering analysis of amorphous tantalum oxide with a large extent of oxygen nonstoichiometry.
Tsuchiya T, Imai H, Miyoshi S, Glans PA, Guo J, Yamaguchi S.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Oct 14;13(38):17013-8. Epub 2011 Aug 24.
PMID:
21863188
[PubMed - in process]
Evaluation of gene expression in MG63 human osteoblastlike cells exposed to tantalum powder by microarray technology.
Sollazzo V, Pezzetti F, Massari L, Palmieri A, Brunelli G, Zollino I, Lucchese A, Caruso G, Carinci F.
Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2011 Jul-Aug;31(4):e17-28.
PMID:
21837296
[PubMed - in process]
Hemocompatibility investigation of the NiTi alloy implanted with tantalum.
Zhao T, Li Y, Gao Y, Xiang Y, Chen H, Zhang T.
J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2011 Oct;22(10):2311-8. Epub 2011 Aug 11.
PMID:
21833606
[PubMed - in process]
[Treatment of adult early femur head necrosis with the tantalum screw].
Luo HY, Chen CW.
Zhongguo Gu Shang. 2011 Jun;24(6):482-5. Chinese.
PMID:
21786551
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
A comparison of calibration methods for stereo fluoroscopic imaging systems.
Kaptein BL, Shelburne KB, Torry MR, Giphart JE.
J Biomech. 2011 Sep 2;44(13):2511-5. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
PMID:
21783196
[PubMed - in process]
Titanium and tantalum as mesenchymal stem cell scaffolds for spinal fusion: an in vitro comparative study.
Blanco JF, Sánchez-Guijo FM, Carrancio S, Muntion S, García-Briñon J, del Cañizo MC.
Eur Spine J. 2011 Aug;20 Suppl 3:353-60. Epub 2011 Jul 16.
PMID:
21779858
[PubMed - in process]
Synthetic and structural studies of monocyclopentadienyl cyclometalated aryl tantalum(V) compounds.
Galajov M, Galindo A, García C, Gómez M, Gómez-Sal P, Parra A.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Sep 7;40(33):8399-406. Epub 2011 Jul 22.
PMID:
21779602
[PubMed - in process]
Designing catalysts for nitrene transfer using early transition metals and redox-active ligands.
Heyduk AF, Zarkesh RA, Nguyen AI.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 17;50(20):9849-63. Epub 2011 Jul 20.
PMID:
21774482
[PubMed - in process]
A randomised study of peri-prosthetic bone density after cemented versus trabecular fixation of a polyethylene acetabular component.
Periasamy K, Watson WS, Mohammed A, Murray H, Walker B, Patil S, Meek RM.
J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011 Aug;93(8):1033-44.
PMID:
21768625
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Bis(?-2-tert-butyl-phenyl-imido-1:2?N:N)chlorido-2?Cl-(diethyl ether-1?O)(2?-penta-methyl-cyclo-penta-dien-yl)lithiumtantalum(V).
Cole JM, Chan MC, Gibson VC, Howard JA.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Jun 1;67(Pt 6):m688-9. Epub 2011 May 7.
PMID:
21754594
[PubMed]
Recent Research & Development for Phosphorus
Consumption of whole
grains is associated with improved diet quality and nutrient intake in children
and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004.
O'Neil CE, Nicklas TA, Zanovec M, Cho SS, Kleinman R. Public Health Nutr. 2010 Oct 6:1-9. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20923597.
Chemical and microbiological changes during
vermicomposting of coffee pulp using exotic (Eudrilus eugeniae) and native
earthworm (Perionyx ceylanesis) species. Raphael K, Velmourougane K. Biodegradation. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead
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Synthesis, structure,
and reductive elimination in the series Tp'Rh(PR(3))(Ar(F))H; Determination of
rhodium-carbon bond energies of fluoroaryl substituents. Tanabe T, Brennessel WW, Clot E, Eisenstein O, Jones WD. Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct
5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20924525.
Nutrient concentrations in Maryland non-tidal
streams. Morgan RP 2nd, Kline KM. Environ Monit Assess. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20890788.
Hereditary disorders of renal
phosphate wasting. Alizadeh Naderi AS, Reilly RF; Medscape. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20924400.
New Synthesis of 3-Trifluoromethylpyrroles by
Condensation of Mesoionic 4-Trifluoroacetyl-1,3-oxazolium-5-olates with
Phosphorus Ylides. Saijo R, Hagimoto Y, Kawase M. Org Lett. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20923166.
Structural and electronic properties of
luminescent copper(i) halide complexes of bis[2-(diphenylphosphano)phenyl] ether
(DPEphos). Crystal structure of [CuCl(DPEphos)(dmpymtH]. Aslanidis P, Cox PJ, Tsipis AC. Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct
4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20922239.
Changes in
Microbial Community Structure and Function of Drinking Water Treatment
Bioreactors Upon Phosphorus Addition. Li X, Upadhyaya G, Yuen W, Brown J, Morgenroth E, Raskin L. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20889793.
Determination of a set
of surrogate parameters to assess urban stormwater quality. Miguntanna NS, Egodawatta P, Kokot S, Goonetilleke A. Sci Total Environ.
2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20888615.
A review on the effects of environmental conditions on growth and toxin
production of Ostreopsis ovata. Pistocchi R, Pezzolesi L, Guerrini F, Vanucci S, Dell'aversano C, Fattorusso
E. Toxicon. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20920514.
Tenofovir-associated severe bone pain: I cannot walk! Jhaveri MA, Mawad HW, Thornton AC, Mullen NW, Greenberg RN. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS
Care (Chic Ill). 2010 Sep-Oct;9(5):328-34. PubMed PMID: 20923957.
Characteristics of contaminants in water and
sediment of a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater effluent. Lee S, Maniquiz MC, Kim LH. J Environ
Sci (China). 2010;22(6):940-5. PubMed PMID: 20923110.
Effect of a seasonal diffuse pollution migration on
natural organic matter behavior in a stratified dam reservoir. Yu SJ, Lee JY, Ha SR. J Environ Sci
(China). 2010;22(6):908-14. PubMed PMID: 20923105.
Water-saving
irrigation of paddy field to reduce nutrient runoff. Hitomi T, Iwamoto Y, Miura A, Hamada K, Takaki K, Shiratani E. J Environ Sci (China).
2010;22(6):885-91. PubMed PMID: 20923101.
Scenario
analysis for reduction of pollutant load discharged from a watershed by recycling
of treated water for irrigation. Shiratani E, Munakata Y, Yoshinaga I, Kubota T, Hamada K, Hitomi T. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):878-84. PubMed
PMID: 20923100.
Modeling the effects of constructed wetland
on nonpoint source pollution control and reservoir water quality improvement. Ham J, Yoon CG, Kim HJ, Kim HC. J
Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):834-9. PubMed PMID: 20923093.
Evaluation of non-point source
pollution reduction by applying best management practices using a SWAT model and
QuickBird high resolution satellite imagery. Lee M, Park G, Park M, Park J, Lee J, Kim S. J Environ Sci (China).
2010;22(6):826-33. PubMed PMID: 20923092.
Understanding nutrient
build-up on urban road surfaces. Miguntanna NP, Goonetilleke A, Egodowatta P, Kokot S. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):806-12. PubMed
PMID: 20923089.
Monitoring of non-point source pollutants
load from a mixed forest land use. Yoon SW, Chung SW, Oh DG, Lee JW. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):801-5.
PubMed PMID: 20923088.