American Elements specializes in producing high purity Terbium Granules with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Metallic-Organic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Our standard Granules are amorphous uniform pieces in sizes ranging from < 1 mm, 1-2 mm, and 3-5 mm. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. See safety data and research below. We also produce Terbium as rod, pellets, powder, pieces, disc, ingot, wire, and in compound forms, such as oxide. Other shapes are available by request.
Terbium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The electronic configuration is [Xe]4f96s2. In its elemental form terbium's CAS number is 7440-27-9. The terbium atom has a radius of 176.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Terbium is primarily used in phosphors, particularly in fluorescent lamps and as the high intensity green emitter used in projection televisions, such as the yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Tb:YAG) variety. Terbium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Terbium responds efficiently in x-ray excitation and is, therefore, used as an x-ray phosphor. Terbium alloys are also used in magneto-optic recording films, such as Tb-Fe-Co. Terbium was first discovered by Carl Mosander in 1843.
The mechanism of quenching of the lanthanide excited state for optical probes using sensitised emission.
Law GL, Parker D, Richardson SL, Wong KL.
Dalton Trans. 2009 Oct 28;(40):8481-4. Epub 2009 Aug 27.
PMID: 19809721 [PubMed - in process]
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2: Anchoring of Rare-Earth-Based Single-Molecule Magnets on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.
Kyatskaya S, Mascaro´s JR, Bogani L, Hennrich F, Kappes M, Wernsdorfer W, Ruben M.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Oct 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19799421 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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3: [Synthesis, characterization and fluorescence properties of rare earth complexes RE(TPTZ) Cl3]
Zhao YF, Zhao YL, Bai F.
Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2009 Jul;29(7):1929-32. Chinese.
PMID: 19798974 [PubMed - in process]
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4: Gadolinium(III) complexes of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane based picolinate ligands: simultaneous optimization of water exchange kinetics and electronic relaxation.
Nonat A, Giraud M, Gateau C, Fries PH, Helm L, Mazzanti M.
Dalton Trans. 2009 Oct 14;(38):8033-46. Epub 2009 Aug 17.
PMID: 19771367 [PubMed - in process]
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5: Designing Simple Tridentate Ligands for Highly Luminescent Europium Complexes.
Shavaleev NM, Eliseeva SV, Scopelliti R, Bünzli JC.
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PMID: 19760733 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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6: Heterospin Single-Molecule Magnets Based on Terbium Ions and TCNQF(4) Radicals: Interplay between Single-Molecule Magnet and Phonon Bottleneck Phenomena Investigated by Dilution Studies.
Lopez N, Prosvirin AV, Zhao H, Wernsdorfer W, Dunbar KR.
Chemistry. 2009 Sep 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19760709 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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7: Detection of cationic guest molecules by quenching of luminescence of a self-assembled host molecule consisting of terbium(III) and calix[4]arene-p-tetrasulfonates.
Horiuchi T, Iki N, Hoshino H.
Anal Chim Acta. 2009 Sep 21;650(2):258-63. Epub 2009 Jul 29.
PMID: 19720202 [PubMed - in process]
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8: Effect of humic matter on metal adsorption onto clay materials: testing the linear additive model.
Lippold H, Lippmann-Pipke J.
J Contam Hydrol. 2009 Oct 13;109(1-4):40-8. Epub 2009 Aug 11.
PMID: 19712995 [PubMed - in process]
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9: Photosynthetic responses to heavy metal terbium stress in horseradish leaves.
Wang L, Zhou Q, Huang X.
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PMID: 19712958 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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10: An electrochemical biosensor for ultratrace terbium based on Tb3+ promoted conformational change of human telomeric G-quadruplex.
Zhang J, Chen J, Chen R, Chen G, Fu F.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2009 Oct 15;25(2):378-82. Epub 2009 Aug 3.
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11: Luminescence spectroscopy of europium(III) and terbium(III) penta-, octa- and nonanuclear clusters with beta-diketonate ligands.
Petit S, Baril-Robert F, Pilet G, Reber C, Luneau D.
Dalton Trans. 2009 Sep 14;(34):6809-15. Epub 2009 Jul 15.
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12: A new Tb3+-selective fluorescent sensor based on 2-(5-(dimethylamino)naphthalen-1-ylsulfonyl)-N-henylhydrazinecarbothioamide.
Ganjali MR, Veismohammadi B, Hosseini M, Norouzi P.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2009 Oct 1;74(2):575-8. Epub 2009 Jul 24.
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13: Lanthanide complexes in hybrid halometallate materials: interconversion between a novel 2D microporous framework and a 1D zigzag chain structure of iodoargentates templated by octakis-solvated terbium(III) cation.
Mishra S, Jeanneau E, Ledoux G, Daniele S.
Dalton Trans. 2009 Jul 7;(25):4954-61. Epub 2009 May 18.
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14: Circularly polarized luminescence in enantiopure europium and terbium complexes with modular, all-oxygen donor ligands.
Seitz M, Do K, Ingram AJ, Moore EG, Muller G, Raymond KN.
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15: Sensitive determination of protein based on the fluorescence enhancement effect of terbium (III)-epinephrine-protein-sodium dodecylsulfate system.
Guo Y, Yang J, Wu X, Mao H.
Luminescence. 2009 Jul 9. [Epub ahead of print]
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16: Selective labeling of tag-fused protein by tryptophan-sensitized luminescence of a terbium complex.
Hirayama T, Taki M, Kodan A, Kato H, Yamamoto Y.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2009 Jun 14;(22):3196-8. Epub 2009 May 6.
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Devaraju MK, Yin S, Sato T.
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18: Study of the luminescence properties of a novel rare earth complex Tb(DPC)(2)2H2O.
Lv Y, Li Q, Shi C, Liu H, Liu F, Wu L, Wu D, Liu H, Xie J.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2009 Sep 15;74(1):26-9. Epub 2009 Apr 24.
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19: Development of a rapid and automatic optosensor for the determination of cromolyn in biological samples.
Molina-García L, Llorent-Martínez EJ, Fernández-de Córdova ML, Ruiz-Medina A.
Talanta. 2009 Aug 15;79(3):627-32. Epub 2009 May 3.
PMID: 19576422 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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20: Selective detection of phosphotyrosine in the presence of various phosphate-containing biomolecules with the aid of a terbium(III) complex.
Akiba H, Sumaoka J, Komiyama M.
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PMID: 19565595 [PubMed - in process]
Material Safety Data Sheet
1 Identification of substance
Product details
Trade name Terbium Granules
2 Composition/Data on components:
Chemical characterization: Designation: (CAS#)
Terbium (CAS# 7440-27-9); 100%
Identification number(s):
EINECS Number: 231-137-6
3 Hazards identification
Hazard designation: F Highly flammable
Information pertaining to particular dangers for man and environment
R 11 Highly flammable.
R 15 Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
4 First aid measures
After inhalation
Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm. Consult doctor if symptoms persist.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After skin contact
Instantly wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After eye contact
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult doctor.
After swallowing Seek immediate medical advice.
5 Fire fighting measures
Suitable extinguishing agents
Special powder for metal fires. Do not use water.
For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents Water.
Protective equipment:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Wear full protective suit.
Measures for environmental protection:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Measures for cleaning/collecting:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Do not flush with water or aqueous cleansing agents
Keep away from ignition sources.
Additional information:
See Section 7 for information on safe handling
See section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for information on disposal.
7 Handling and storage
Handling
Information for safe handling:
Handle under dry protective gas.
Keep containers tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
Ensure good ventilation/exhaustion at the workplace.
Information about protection against explosions and fires:
Keep ignition sources away - Do not smoke.
Protect against electrostatic charges.
Fumes can combine with air to form an explosive mixture.
Storage
Requirements to be met by storerooms and containers:
Store in cool location.
Information about storage in one common storage facility:
Store away from oxidizing agents.
Store away from water.
Do not store together with acids.
Further information about storage conditions:
Store under dry inert gas.
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
8 Exposure controls and personal protection
Additional information about design of technical systems:
Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.
Components with critical values that require monitoring at the workplace:
Not required.
Additional information: No data
Personal protective equipment
General protective and hygienic measures
The usual precautionary measures should be adhered to in handling the chemicals.
Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and food.
Instantly remove any soiled and impregnated garments.
Wash hands during breaks and at the end of the work.
Breathing equipment: Use breathing protection with high concentrations.
Protection of hands: Impervious gloves
Eye protection:
Safety glasses
Full face protection
Face protection
Body protection: Protective work clothing.
9 Physical and chemical properties:
General Information
Form: Solid.
Colour: Silver grey
Smell: Odourless
Value/Range Unit Method
Change in condition
Melting point/Melting range: 1356 ° C
Boiling point/Boiling range: 2800 ° C
Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined
Flash point: Not applicable
Inflammability (solid, gaseous) Highly flammable.
Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
Ignition temperature: Not determined
Decomposition temperature: Not determined
Critical values for explosion:
Lower: Not determined
Upper: Not determined
Steam pressure: Not determined
Density at 20 ° C 8.27 g/cm³
Solubility in / Miscibility with
Water: Reacts
Not determined
10 Stability and reactivity
Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
No decomposition if used and stored according to specifications.
Materials to be avoided:
Oxidizing agents
Acids
Water/moisture
Dangerous reactions: Contact with water releases flammable gases
Dangerous products of decomposition: Metal oxide
11 Toxicological information
Acute toxicity:
Primary irritant effect:
on the skin: Irritant for skin and mucous membranes.
on the eye: Irritant effect.
Sensitization: No sensitizing effect known.
Additional toxicological information:
To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.
No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.
12 Ecological information:
General notes:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Water hazard class 1 (Self-assessment): slightly hazardous for water.
Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities of it to reach ground water, water bodies or sewage system.
13 Disposal considerations
Product:
Recommendation
Consult state, local or national regulations for proper disposal.
Hand over to disposers of hazardous waste.
Must be specially treated under adherence to official regulations.
Uncleaned packagings:
Recommendation:
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
14 Transport information
Land transport ADR/RID and GGVS/GGVE (cross-border/domestic)
ADR/RID-GGVS/E Class: 4.1 (F3) Flammable solids.
Kemler Number: 40
UN-Number: 3178
Packaging group: II
Label 4.1
Designation of goods: 3178 FLAMMABLE SOLID, INORGANIC, N.O.S.
(terbium)
Code letter and hazard designation of product: F Highly flammable
Risk phrases:
11 Highly flammable.
15 Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
National regulations
Information about limitation of use:
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
Employment restrictions concerning young persons must be observed.
Water hazard class:
Water hazard class 1 (Self-assessment): slightly hazardous for water.
16 Other information:
Employers should use this information only as a supplement to other information gathered by them, and should make independent judgement of suitability of this information to ensure proper use and protect the health and safety of employees. This information is furnished without warranty, and any use of the product not in conformance with this Material Safety Data Sheet, or in combination with any other product or process, is the responsibility of the user.
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