Terbium Oxide or tetraterbium heptaoxide is a highly insoluble thermally stable Terbium source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications. Terbium oxide is one of the chief commercial terbium compounds. Produced by heating the metal oxalate, Terbium Oxide is then used in the preparation of other terbium compounds. Terbium Oxide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered. Terbium is primarily used in phosphors, particularly in fluorescent lamps and as the high intensity green emitter used in projection televisions. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems.
Rare Earth oxide compounds are basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions. They are compounds containing at least one oxygen anion and one metallic cation. They are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibit ionic conductivity. Terbium oxide is also available in pellets, pieces, sputtering targets, tablets, and nanopowder (from American Elements' nanoscale production facilities). See Nanotechnology for more nanotechnology applications information. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.
Terbium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Terbium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f9 6s2. In its elemental form terbium's CAS number is 7440-27-9. Terbium is considered to be somewhat toxic.The terbium atom has a radius of 176.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Terbium is primarily used in phosphors, particularly in fluorescent lamps and as the high intensity green emitter used in projection televisions, such as the yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Tb:YAG) variety. Terbium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Terbium responds efficiently in x-ray excitation and is, therefore, used as an x-ray phosphor. Terbium alloys are also used in magneto-optic recording films, such as Tb-Fe-Co. Terbium was first discovered by Carl Mosander in 1843. Terbium is named after "Ytterby", a town in Sweden. See Terbium research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Cilostazol Determination by the Enhancement of the Green Emission of Tb(3+) Optical Sensor.
Attia MS, Mahmoud WH, Youssef AO, Mostafa MS.
J Fluoresc. 2011 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21818537
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[Induction-resonance energy transfer between the terbium-binding peptide and the red fluorescent proteins Dsred2 and TagRFP].
[No authors listed]
Biofizika. 2011 May-Jun;56(3):389-95. Russian.
PMID:
21786690
[PubMed - in process]
Interactions between metal ions and carbohydrates. Syntheses and spectroscopic studies of several lanthanide nitrate-d-galactitol complexes.
Yu L, Hua X, Pan Q, Yang L, Xu Y, Zhao G, Wang H, Wang H, Wu J, Liu K, Chen J.
Carbohydr Res. 2011 Jun 30. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21784418
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Characterization of the ß?-crystallin domains of ß?-CAT, a non-lens ß?-crystallin and trefoil factor complex, from the skin of the toad Bombina maxima.
Gao Q, Xiang Y, Zeng L, Ma XT, Lee WH, Zhang Y.
Biochimie. 2011 Jul 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21784123
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Detection of bacterial endospores in soil by terbium fluorescence.
Brandes Ammann A, Kölle L, Brandl H.
Int J Microbiol. 2011;2011:435281. Epub 2011 Jul 7.
PMID:
21754939
[PubMed]
Poly[[tetra-aqua-tris-(µ(3)-hexane-1,6-di-carboxyl-ato)diterbium(III)] 0.25-hydrate].
Li FF, Zhang HJ, Zhang LN.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Apr 1;67(Pt 4):m412. Epub 2011 Mar 9.
PMID:
21753944
[PubMed]
Single-Molecule Magnetic Behavior in a Neutral Terbium(III) Complex of a Picolinate-Based Nitronyl Nitroxide Free Radical.
Coronado E, Gime´nez-Saiz C, Recuenco A, Tarazo´n A, Romero FM, Camo´n A, Luis F.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Aug 15;50(16):7370-7372. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
PMID:
21751792
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effect of terbium(iii) on the binding of aromatic guests with sodium taurocholate aggregates.
Pace TC, Souza Júnior SP, Zhang HT, Bohne C.
Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2011 Jul 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21750813
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Label-free colorimetric and quantitative detection of cancer marker protein using noncrosslinking aggregation of Au/Ag nanoparticles induced by target-specific peptide probe.
Wang X, Wu L, Ren J, Miyoshi D, Sugimoto N, Qu X.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2011 Aug 15;26(12):4804-9. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
PMID:
21733670
[PubMed - in process]
CeF3 and PrF3 as UV-Visible Faraday rotators.
Molina P, Vasyliev V, Víllora EG, Shimamura K.
Opt Express. 2011 Jun 6;19(12):11786-91. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.011786.
PMID:
21716411
[PubMed - in process]
A terbium-sensitized spectrofluorimetric method for determination of catecholamines in a serum sample with micelle medium.
Kamruzzaman M, Alam AM, Lee SH, Kim YH, Kim SH.
Luminescence. 2011 Jun 21. doi: 10.1002/bio.1332. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21692167
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Terbium(iii) complex as a luminescent sensor for human serum albumin in aqueous solution.
Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Guo Z.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Jul 28;47(28):8127-9. Epub 2011 Jun 20.
PMID:
21691617
[PubMed - in process]
Efficient inhibition of germination of coat-deficient bacterial spores by multivalent metal cations, including terbium (tb3+).
Yi X, Bond C, Sarker MR, Setlow P.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Aug;77(15):5536-9. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
PMID:
21685163
[PubMed - in process]
Determination of carvedilol by its quenching effect on the luminescence of terbium complex in dosage form.
Leonenko I, Aleksandrova D, Yegorova A.
Acta Pol Pharm. 2011 May-Jun;68(3):325-30.
PMID:
21648186
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Luminescent Trimethoprim-Polyaminocarboxylate Lanthanide Complex Conjugates for Selective Protein Labeling and Time-Resolved Bioassays.
Reddy DR, Pedro´ Rosa LE, Miller LW.
Bioconjug Chem. 2011 Jul 20;22(7):1402-1409. Epub 2011 Jun 7.
PMID:
21619068
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Lanthanide directed self-assembly formations of Tb(III) and Eu(III) luminescent complexes from tryptophan based pyridyl amide ligands.
Lincheneau C, Leonard JP, McCabe T, Gunnlaugsson T.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Jul 7;47(25):7119-21. Epub 2011 May 26.
PMID:
21614366
[PubMed - in process]
Gold nanoparticles-based fluorescence enhancement of the terbium-levofloxacin system and its application in pharmaceutical preparations.
Lee SH, Wabaidur SM, Alothman ZA, Alam SM.
Luminescence. 2011 May 24. doi: 10.1002/bio.1311. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21608101
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Optical properties and luminescence dynamics of Eu3+-doped terbium orthophosphate nanophosphors.
Ruan Y, Xiao Q, Luo W, Li R, Chen X.
Nanotechnology. 2011 Jul 8;22(27):275701. Epub 2011 May 20.
PMID:
21597160
[PubMed - in process]
A long-lived luminescence and EPR bimodal lanthanide-based probe for free radicals.
Hong J, Zhuang Y, Ji X, Guo X.
Analyst. 2011 Jun 21;136(12):2464-70. Epub 2011 May 10.
PMID:
21556434
[PubMed - in process]
Development of a terbium complex-based luminescent probe for imaging endogenous hydrogen peroxide generation in plant tissues.
Ye Z, Chen J, Wang G, Yuan J.
Anal Chem. 2011 Jun 1;83(11):4163-9. Epub 2011 May 11.
PMID:
21548628
[PubMed - in process]
Material Safety Data Sheet
1 Identification of substance
Product details
Trade name Terbium (III,IV) oxide
2 Composition/Data on components:
Chemical characterization: Designation: (CAS#)
Terbium (III,IV) oxide (CAS# 12037-01-3), 100%
Identification number(s):
EINECS Number: 234-856-3
3 Hazards identification
Hazard designation: · void
Information pertaining to particular dangers for man and environment
Not applicable
4 First aid measures
After inhalation
Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm. Consult doctor if symptoms persist.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After skin contact
Instantly wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After eye contact
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult doctor.
After swallowing Seek medical treatment.
5 Fire fighting measures
Suitable extinguishing agents
Use fire fighting measures that suit the environment.
Protective equipment:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Wear full protective suit.
Measures for environmental protection:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Measures for cleaning/collecting: Collect mechanically.
Additional information:
See Section 7 for information on safe handling
See section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for information on disposal.
7 Handling and storage
Handling
Information for safe handling:
Keep containers tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
No special precautions necessary if used correctly.
Information about protection against explosions and fires:
The product is not flammable
Storage
Requirements to be met by storerooms and containers:
No special requirements.
Information about storage in one common storage facility:
Do not store together with acids.
Further information about storage conditions:
This product is hygroscopic.
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
8 Exposure controls and personal protection
Additional information about design of technical systems:
Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.
Components with critical values that require monitoring at the workplace:
Not required.
Additional information: No data
Personal protective equipment
General protective and hygienic measures
The usual precautionary measures should be adhered to in handling the chemicals.
Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and food.
Instantly remove any soiled and impregnated garments.
Wash hands during breaks and at the end of the work.
Breathing equipment: Use breathing protection with high concentrations.
Protection of hands: Impervious gloves
Eye protection: Safety glasses
Body protection: Protective work clothing.
9 Physical and chemical properties:
General Information
Form: Lump
Colour: Brown
Smell: Odourless
Value/Range Unit Method
Change in condition
Melting point/Melting range: 2340 ° C
Boiling point/Boiling range: Not determined
Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined
Flash point: Not applicable
Inflammability (solid, gaseous) Product is not inflammable.
Ignition temperature: Not determined
Decomposition temperature: Not determined
Danger of explosion: Product is not explosive.
Critical values for explosion:
Lower: Not determined
Upper: Not determined
Steam pressure: Not determined
Density Not determined
Solubility in / Miscibility with
Water: Insoluble
10 Stability and reactivity
Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
No decomposition if used and stored according to specifications.
Materials to be avoided:
Acids
Air
Dangerous reactions: No dangerous reactions known
Dangerous products of decomposition: Metal oxide
11 Toxicological information
Acute toxicity:
Primary irritant effect:
on the skin: May cause irritation
on the eye: May cause irritation
Sensitization: No sensitizing effect known.
Additional toxicological information:
To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.
No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.
12 Ecological information:
General notes:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Generally not hazardous for water.
13 Disposal considerations
Product:
Recommendation
Consult state, local or national regulations for proper disposal.
Hand over to disposers of hazardous waste.
Must be specially treated under adherence to official regulations.
Uncleaned packagings:
Recommendation:
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
14 Transport information
Land transport ADR/RID and GGVS/GGVE (cross-border/domestic)
ADR/RID-GGVS/E Class: None
Maritime transport IMDG/GGVSea:
IMDG/GGVSea Class: None
Air transport ICAO-TI and IATA-DGR:
ICAO/IATA Class: None
Transport/Additional information:
Not dangerous according to the above specifications.
15 Regulatory information
Designation according to EC guidelines:
Observe the normal safety regulations when handling chemicals
The product is not subject to identification regulations under EC Directives and the Ordinance on Hazardous Materials (GefStoffV).
National regulations
Information about limitation of use:
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
Water hazard class: Generally not hazardous for water.
16 Other information:
Employers should use this information only as a supplement to other information gathered by them, and should make independent judgement of suitability of this information to ensure proper use and protect the health and safety of employees. This information is furnished without warranty, and any use of the product not in conformance with this Material Safety Data Sheet, or in combination with any other product or process, is the responsibility of the user.
Terbium Oxide or tetraterbium heptaoxide is a highly insoluble thermally stable Terbium source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications. Terbium oxide is one of the chief commercial terbium compounds. Produced by heating the metal oxalate, Terbium Oxide is then used in the preparation of other terbium compounds. Terbium Oxide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered. Terbium is primarily used in phosphors, particularly in fluorescent lamps and as the high
intensity green emitter used in projection televisions. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems.
Rare Earth oxide compounds are basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions. They are compounds containing at least one oxygen anion and one metallic cation. They are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibit ionic conductivity. Terbium oxide is also available in pellets, pieces, sputtering targets, tablets, and nanopowder (from American Elements' nanoscale production facilities). See Nanotechnology for more nanotechnology applications information. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.
Terbium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Terbium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f9 6s2. In its elemental form terbium's CAS number is 7440-27-9. Terbium is considered to be somewhat toxic.The terbium atom has a radius of 176.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Terbium is primarily used in phosphors, particularly in 
fluorescent lamps and as the high intensity green emitter used in projection televisions, such as the yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Tb:YAG) variety. Terbium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% 
(ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Terbium responds efficiently in x-ray excitation and is, therefore, used as an x-ray phosphor. Terbium alloys are also used in magneto-optic recording films, such as Tb-Fe-Co. Terbium was first discovered by Carl Mosander in 1843. Terbium is named after "Ytterby", a town in Sweden. See Terbium research below. 
