Thorium Nitride is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Thorium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of Thorium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Rn] 6d2 7s2. In its elemental form thorium's CAS number is 7440-29-1. The thorium atom has a radius of 179.8.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Thorium is radioactive and can collect in bones which may cause bone cancer several years after exposure. Breathing in substantial amounts of thorium may be lethal. Thorium is a lanthanide (rare earth) material with potential nuclear power applications. Thorium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is presently used as a tungsten coating in electronic parts due to its high emission factor. Thorium in the form of its fluoride and oxide is used in advanced optic applications for its high refractive index. It is also used in several other high temperature glass applications, such as in the mantle of lamps and to produce crystal growth crucibles and ampules. Thorium was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1828. The name Thorium originates from the Scandinavian god, Thor, the Norse god of war and thunder. See Thorium research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
[The assessment of no adverse effect doses for plant populations under chronic exposure of radionuclides of uranium and thorium decay series].
[No authors listed]
Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2010 Jul-Aug;50(4):383-90. Russian. PMID: 20968049 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Thoron and decay products, beyond UNSCEAR 2006 Annex E.
Chambers DB.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2010;141(4):351-6.PMID: 20966204 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
catena-Poly[thorium(IV)-tetrakis(µ(2)-3-carboxyadamantane-1-carboxylato)]: a quadruple helical strand driven by a synergy of coordination and hydrogen bonding.
Nazarenko OM, Rusanova JA, Krautscheid H, Domasevitch KV.
Acta Crystallogr C. 2010 Oct;66(Pt 10):m276-9. Epub 2010 Sep 4.PMID: 20921602 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Nuclear energy.
Grandin K, Jagers P, Kullander S.
Ambio. 2010;39 Suppl 1:26-30.PMID: 20873683 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
An integrated approach for the assessment of the thoron progeny exposures using direct thoron progeny sensors.
Mishra R, Prajith R, Sapra BK, Mayya YS.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2010;141(4):363-6. Epub 2010 Sep 23.PMID: 20870667 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
A comparative study of thorium activity in NORM and high background radiation area.
Sahoo SK, Ishikawa T, Tokonami S, Sorimachi A, Kranrod C, Janik M, Hosoda M, Hassan NM, Chanyotha S, Parami VK, Yonehara H, Ramola RC.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2010;141(4):416-9. Epub 2010 Sep 16.PMID: 20846972 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Solubility of uranium and thorium from a healing earth in synthetic gut fluids: A case study for use in dose assessments.
Höllriegl V, Li WB, Leopold K, Gerstmann U, Oeh U.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Nov 1;408(23):5794-800. Epub 2010 Sep 15.PMID: 20832099 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Solid thoron source preparation in a porous mineral matrix.
Jobbágy V, Bety-Denissa B.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2010;141(4):440-3. Epub 2010 Sep 8.PMID: 20829206 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Thoron ((220)Rn) decay products removal in poorly ventilated environments using unipolar ionizers: Dosimetric implications.
Joshi M, Sapra BK, Khan A, Kothalkar P, Mayya YS.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Nov 1;408(23):5701-6. Epub 2010 Sep 6.PMID: 20817221 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Discrepancies in thorium oxide solubility values: study of attachment/detachment processes at the solid/solution interface.
Vandenborre J, Grambow B, Abdelouas A.
Inorg Chem. 2010 Oct 4;49(19):8736-48.PMID: 20804204 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Synthesis, structure, and solid-state transformation studies of phosphonoacetate based hybrid compounds of uranium and thorium.
Ramaswamy P, Prabhu R, Natarajan S.
Inorg Chem. 2010 Sep 6;49(17):7927-34.PMID: 20799739 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Observations and modelling of thoron and its progeny in the soil-atmosphere-plant system.
Baldacci AE, Gattavecchia E, Kirchner G.
J Environ Radioact. 2010 Nov;101(11):992-1001. Epub 2010 Aug 19.PMID: 20727629 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Functional sorbents for selective capture of plutonium, americium, uranium, and thorium in blood.
Yantasee W, Sangvanich T, Creim JA, Pattamakomsan K, Wiacek RJ, Fryxell GE, Addleman RS, Timchalk C.
Health Phys. 2010 Sep;99(3):413-9.PMID: 20699706 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
The uneven irradiation of a target cell and its dynamic movement can mathematically explain incubation period for the induction of cancer by internally deposited radionuclides.
Yamamoto Y, Usuda N, Oghiso Y, Kuwahara Y, Fukumoto M.
Health Phys. 2010 Sep;99(3):388-93.PMID: 20699702 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Communication: Electric properties of the ThO(X (1)Sigma(+)) molecule.
Buchachenko AA.
J Chem Phys. 2010 Jul 28;133(4):041102.PMID: 20687626 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Determination of activity concentration levels of (238)U, (232)Th, and (40)K in drinking water in a gold mine in Ghana.
Awudu AR, Darko EO, Schandorf C, Hayford EK, Abekoe MK, Ofori-Danson PK.
Health Phys. 2010 Aug;99 Suppl 2:S149-53.PMID: 20622563 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
The particulate 7Be/210Pbxs and 234Th/210Pbxs activity ratios as tracers for tidal-to-seasonal particle dynamics in the Gironde estuary (France): implications for the budget of particle-associated contaminants.
Saari HK, Schmidt S, Castaing P, Blanc G, Sautour B, Masson O, Cochran JK.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Sep 15;408(20):4784-94. Epub 2010 Jul 24.PMID: 20659759 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
A complimentary tool in the determination of activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides.
Olise FS, Owoade OK, Olaniyi HB, Obiajunwa EI.
J Environ Radioact. 2010 Nov;101(11):910-4. Epub 2010 Jul 16.PMID: 20637532 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
A thermally robust di-n-butyl thorium complex with an unstable dimethyl analogue.
Cruz CA, Emslie DJ, Jenkins HA, Britten JF.
Dalton Trans. 2010 Aug 7;39(29):6626-8. Epub 2010 Mar 16.PMID: 20631945 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Rapid evolution of ritual architecture in central Polynesia indicated by precise 230Th/U coral dating.
Sharp WD, Kahn JG, Polito CM, Kirch PV.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jul 27;107(30):13234-9. Epub 2010 Jul 7.PMID: 20616079 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
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Thorium Nitride is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. 
Thorium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of Thorium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Rn] 6d2 7s2. In its elemental form thorium's CAS number is 7440-29-1. The thorium atom has a radius of 179.8.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Thorium is radioactive and can collect in bones which may cause bone cancer several years after exposure. Breathing in substantial amounts of thorium may be lethal. Thorium is a lanthanide (rare earth) material with potential nuclear power applications. Thorium 
is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is 
presently used as a tungsten coating in electronic parts due to its high emission factor. Thorium in the form of its fluoride and oxide is used in advanced optic applications for its high refractive index. It is also used in several other high temperature glass applications, such as in the mantle of lamps and to produce crystal growth crucibles and ampules. Thorium was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1828. The name Thorium originates from the Scandinavian god, Thor, the Norse god of war and thunder. See Thorium research below.
