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Titanium Copper Alloy
Ti Cu Alloy
Product Product Code Order or Specifications
Ti-75% Cu-25% TI-CU-01-P.25CU Contact American Elements
Ti-70% Cu-30% TI-CU-01-P.30CU Contact American Elements
Ti-50% Cu-50% TI-CU-01-P.50CU Contact American Elements
Titanium Copper is one of numerous metal alloys sold by American Elements under the tradename AE Alloys™. Generally immediately available in most volumes, AE Alloys™ are available as bar, Ingot, ribbon, wire, shot, sheet, and foil. Ultra high purity and high purity forms also include metal powder, submicron powder and nanoscale, targets for thin film deposition, and pellets for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) applications.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Primary applications include bearing assembly, ballast, casting, step soldering, and radiation shielding.

Titanium(Ti) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolTitanium is a Block D, Group 4, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Titanium's shells is 2, 8, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d2 4s2. In its elemental form titanium's CAS number is 7440-32-6. The titanium atom has a radius of 144.8.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Titanium metal is not considered to be toxic although titanium as metal shavings or powder is considered a fire hazard. In its metallic form it is not only very strong and light weight, but also highly resistant to corrosion. Thus it can be found in Elemental Titaniumnumerous aerospace and military applications. In its oxide form it used in low grades to produce a white pigment. Titanium is the bases for numerous commercially essential compound groups, such as Titanium Bohr Modeltitanium titanates in electronic and di-electric formulations and in crystal growth for ruby and sapphire lasers. Titanium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy , abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Titanium was first discovered by William Gregor in 1791. Titanium was named after the word Titanos which is Greek for Titans. See Titanium research below.

Copper(Cu) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolCopper is a Block D, Group 11, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Copper's shells is 2, 8, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s1. In its elemental form copper's CAS number is 7440-50-8. The copper atom has a radius of 127.8 .pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 140.pm. Copper is an essential trace element in animals and plants, but in excess copper is toxic. Due to its high electrical conductivity, large amounts of copper are used by the electrical industry for wire. Of all pure metals, only silver has a higher electrical conductivity. Copper is also resistant to corrosion caused by moisture, making it a widely used material in pipes, coins, and jewelry. Copper is often too soft for its applications, so it is incorporated in numerous alloys. For example, brass is a copper-zinc alloy, and bronze is a copper-tin alloy. Copper sulfate (CuSO 4·H2O), also known as blue vitrol, is the most well-known Elemental Coppercopper compound. It is used as Copper Bohr Modelan agricultural poison, an algicide, and as a pigment for inks. Cuprous chloride (CuCl) is a powder used to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). Copper cyanide (CuCN) is often used in electroplating applications. Copper is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Copper was first discovered by Early Man. The origin of the word copper comes from the Latin word 'cuprium' which translates as "metal of Cyprus". Cyprus, a Mediterranean island, was known as an ancient source of mined copper. See Copper research below.
Formula CAS No.
Ti
Cu		 7440-32-6
7440-50-8
PRODUCT CATALOG AE Alloys™ Foil Submicron & Nanopowder Tolling Ultra High Purity Sputtering Target Crystal Growth Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. Home

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Recent Research & Development for Titanium

  • Anticancer efficacy enhancement and attenuation of side effects of doxorubicin with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Chen Y, Wan Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Jiao Z. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:2321-6. Epub 2011 Oct 18. PMID: 22072869 [PubMed - in process]

  • Keyhole Cochlear Implantation: Current Status. Black B. Otol Neurotol. 2011 Nov 8. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22072266 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Characterization of a hydroxyapatite sputtered film subject to hydrothermal treatment using FE-SEM and STEM. Ozeki K, Aoki H, Masuzawa T. Biomed Mater Eng. 2011 Jan 1;21(3):179-89. PMID: 22072082 [PubMed - in process]

  • In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of permanent prosthetic materials. Sabaliauskas V, Juciute R, Bukelskiene V, Rutkunas V, Trumpaite-Vanagiene R, Puriene A. Stomatologija. 2011;13(3):75-80. PMID: 22071414 [PubMed - in process]

  • Effect of ionic products of dicalcium silicate coating on osteoblast differentiation and collagen production via TGF-ß1 pathway. Li J, Wei L, Sun J, Guan G. J Biomater Appl. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22071351 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Reconstruction of defects of maxillary sinus wall after removal of a huge odontogenic lesion using prebended 3D titanium-mesh and CAD/CAM technique - Methodology article - Stoetzer M, Rana M, Von See C, Eckardt AM, Gellrich NC. Head Face Med. 2011 Nov 9;7(1):21. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22070833 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Total Synthesis of (-)-Virginiamycin M2: Application of Crotylsilanes Accessed by Enantioselective Rh(II) or Cu(I) Promoted Carbenoid Si-H Insertion. Wu J, Panek JS. J Org Chem. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22070230 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Reduced stress shielding with limited micromotions using a carbon fibre composite biomimetic hip stem: a finite element model. Caouette C, Yahia LH, Bureau MN. Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2011 Sep;225(9):907-19. PMID: 22070028 [PubMed - in process]

  • Numerical simulation of bone remodelling around dental implants. Ojeda J, Martínez-Reina J, García-Aznar JM, Domínguez J, Doblaré M. Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2011 Sep;225(9):897-906. PMID: 22070027 [PubMed - in process]

  • [Application of titanium plate and Teflon patch in chest wall reconstruction after sternal. tumor resection]. Wu X, Chen M, Yu F. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2011 Oct;25(10):1224-6. Chinese. PMID: 22069979 [PubMed - in process]

  • Pediatric bony craniovertebral junction abnormalities: Institutional experience of 10 years. Kale SS, Ailawadhi P, Yerramneni VK, Chandra PS, Kumar R, Sharma BS, Mahapatra AK. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2011 Oct;6(Suppl 1):S91-5. PMID: 22069436 [PubMed]

  • Dietary Exposure Estimates of 14 Trace Elements in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, Two High Lung Cancer Incidence Areas in China. Zhang L, Lv J, Liao C. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22068732 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Comparative approach to capture bacterial diversity of coastal waters. Na H, Kim OS, Yoon SH, Kim Y, Chun J. J Microbiol. 2011 Oct;49(5):729-40. Epub 2011 Nov 9. PMID: 22068488 [PubMed - in process]

  • Combined Use of Titanium Mesh and Resorbable PLLA-PGA Implant in the Treatment of Large Orbital Floor Fractures. Magana FG, Arzac RM, De Hilario Aviles L. J Craniofac Surg. 2011 Nov 5. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22067850 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • No improvement in long-term wear and revision rates with the second-generation Biomet cup (RingLoc) in young patients. Boesenach B, van der Heide HJ, Nelissen RG. Acta Orthop. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22066563 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Clinical outcomes of TS-1 chemotherapy for advanced and recurrent gastric cancer. Lee SR, Kim HO, Yoo CH. J Korean Surg Soc. 2011 Sep;81(3):163-8. Epub 2011 Sep 26. PMID: 22066117 [PubMed]

  • Melanosis ilei induced by prolonged charcoal ingestion. Kim GM, Jun EJ, Kim YC, Park JM, Hong SI, Cheung DY, Kim JI, Lee YS. J Korean Surg Soc. 2011 Jul;81(1):66-9. Epub 2011 Jul 11. PMID: 22066103 [PubMed]

  • The mixed-valent titanium phosphate, Li(2)Ti(2)(PO(4))(3), dilithium dititanium(III/IV) tris-(orthophosphate). Kee Y, Lee SS, Yun H. Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):i49. Epub 2011 Aug 17. PMID: 22065701 [PubMed]

  • Transition from Anodic Titania Nanotubes to Nanowires: Arising from Nanotube Growth to Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Sun L, Zhang S, Wang X, Sun XW, Ong DY, Wang X, Zhao D. Chemphyschem. 2011 Nov 7. doi: 10.1002/cphc.201100450. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22065460 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Influence of metal ions on human lymphocytes and the generation of titanium-specific T-lymphocytes. Chan E, Cadosch D, Gautschi OP, Sprengel K, Filgueira L. J Appl Biomater Biomech. 2011 May-Aug;9(2):137-43. doi: 10.5301/JABB.2011.8567. PMID: 22065391 [PubMed - in process]

Recent Research & Development for Copper

  • Altered intracellular localization and valosin-containing protein (p97 VCP) interaction underlie ATP7A-related distal motor neuropathy. Yi L, Donsante A, Kennerson ML, Mercer JF, Garbern JY, Kaler SG. Hum Mol Genet. 2011 Dec 30. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22210628 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Chitinolytic and Chitosanolytic Activities from Crude Cellulase Extract Produced by A. niger Grown on Apple Pomace Through Koji Fermentation. Dhillon GS, Brar SK, Kaur S, Valero JR, Verma M. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Dec;21(12):1312-21. PMID: 22210619 [PubMed - in process]

  • Structural and functional recovery of microbial biofilms after a decrease in copper exposure: Influence of the presence of pristine communities. Lambert AS, Morin S, Artigas J, Volat B, Coquery M, Neyra M, Pesce S. Aquat Toxicol. 2011 Dec 14;109C:118-126. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22210500 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Effects of copper on osmoregulation in sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus acclimated to different salinities. Adeyemi JA, Deaton LE, Pesacreta TC, Klerks PL. Aquat Toxicol. 2011 Dec 14;109C:111-117. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22210499 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Characterization of the Chitinolytic Machinery of Enterococcus faecalis V583 and High-Resolution Structure of Its Oxidative CBM33 Enzyme. Vaaje-Kolstad G, Bøhle LA, Gåseidnes S, Dalhus B, Bjørås M, Mathiesen G, Eijsink VG. J Mol Biol. 2011 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22210154 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Electrochemistry of copper(II) induced complexes in mycorrhizal maize plant tissues. Zitka O, Merlos MA, Adam V, Ferrol N, Pohanka M, Hubalek J, Zehnalek J, Trnkova L, Kizek R. J Hazard Mater. 2011 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22209587 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • The metal binding abilities of Megathura crenulata metallothionein (McMT) in the frame of Gastropoda MTs. Pérez-Rafael S, Mezger A, Lieb B, Dallinger R, Capdevila M, Palacios O, Atrian S. J Inorg Biochem. 2011 Dec 3. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22209022 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Photoluminescence quenching/recovery kinetics of [Ru(bpy)(2)(tatp)](2+) and [Ru(bpy)(2)(dmtatp)](2+) intercalated within DNA by copper(II) ions and EDTA. Ji S, Chen M, Gan G, Li H, Li W. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22208960 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Peculiarities of copper binding to alpha-synuclein. Ahmad A, Burns CS, Fink AL, Uversky VN. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2012 Feb;29(4):825-42. PMID: 22208282 [PubMed - in process]

  • Role of Vitamin C and E Supplementation on IL-6 in response to Training. Yfanti C, Fischer CP, Nielsen S, Akerström T, Nielsen AR, Veskoukis AS, Kouretas D, Lykkesfeldt J, Pilegaard H, Pedersen BK. J Appl Physiol. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22207723 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Zinc, Ferritin, Magnesium and Copper in a group of Egyptian Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Mahmoud MM, El-Mazary AA, Maher RM, Saber MM. Ital J Pediatr. 2011 Dec 29;37(1):60. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22206662 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Intramolecular C-H Amination Leading to Imidazobenzimidazole Derivatives. Wang X, Jin Y, Zhao Y, Zhu L, Fu H. Org Lett. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22206482 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • High-Throughput Graphene Imaging on Arbitrary Substrates with Widefield Raman Spectroscopy. Havener RW, Ju SY, Brown L, Wang Z, Wojcik M, Ruiz-Vargas CS, Park J. ACS Nano. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22206260 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Triarylboron-Functionalized Cu(II) Carboxylate Paddlewheel Complexes. Blight BA, Stewart AF, Wang N, Lu JS, Wang S. Inorg Chem. 2011 Dec 28. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22206219 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Application of a topical biomimetic electrical signaling technology to photo-aging: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a galvanic zinc-copper complex. Chantalat J, Bruning E, Sun Y, Liu JC. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):30-7. PMID: 22206074 [PubMed - in process]

  • Assessment of Metal Pollution in Soils From a Former Havana (Cuba) Solid Waste Open Dump. Díaz Rizo O, Hernández Merlo M, Echeverría Castillo F, Arado López JO. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22205471 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Coordination chemistry of copper proteins: How nature handles a toxic cargo for essential function. Rubino JT, Franz KJ. J Inorg Biochem. 2011 Dec 3;107(1):129-143. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22204943 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Palm oil fruit shells as biosorbent for copper removal from water and wastewater: Experiments and sorption models. Hossain MA, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Nguyen TV. Bioresour Technol. 2011 Dec 9. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22204888 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Effective and reversible DNA condensation induced by bifunctional molecules containing macrocyclic polyamines and naphthyl moieties. Yan H, Li ZF, Guo ZF, Lu ZL, Wang F, Wu LZ. Bioorg Med Chem. 2011 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22204742 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Fish quarantine: current practices in public zoos and aquaria. Hadfield CA, Clayton LA. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2011 Dec;42(4):641-50. PMID: 22204059 [PubMed - in process]

Recent Research & Development for Alloys

  • Tailoring nanostructured, graded, and particle-reinforced Al laminates by accumulative roll bonding. Göken M, Höppel HW. Adv Mater. 2011 Jun 17;23(22-23):2663-8. PMID: 21823248 [PubMed - in process]

  • Highly monodisperse core-shell particles created by solid-state reactions. Radmilovic V, Ophus C, Marquis EA, Rossell MD, Tolley A, Gautam A, Asta M, Dahmen U. Nat Mater. 2011 Aug 7. doi: 10.1038/nmat3077. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21822262 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Aerosol Deposition of Hydroxyapatite and 4-Hexylresorcinol Coatings on Titanium Alloys for Dental Implants. Kim SG, Hahn BD, Park DS, Lee YC, Choi EJ, Chae WS, Baek DH, Choi JY. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011 Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21821331 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Progress in the Removal of Di-[2-Ethylhexyl]-Phthalate as Plasticizer in Blood Bags. Simmchen J, Ventura R, Segura J. Transfus Med Rev. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21820855 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Antibacterial effect of silver-platinum coating for orthodontic appliances. Ryu HS, Bae IH, Lee KG, Hwang HS, Lee KH, Koh JT, Cho JH. Angle Orthod. 2011 Aug 2. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21810004 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Influence of metal alloy and the profile of coronary stents in patients with multivessel coronary disease. Abreu Filho LM, Forte AA, Sumita MK, Favarato D, Meireles GC. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011;66(6):985-9. PMID: 21808863 [PubMed - in process]

  • A combined arc-melting and tilt-casting furnace for the manufacture of high-purity bulk metallic glass materials. Soinila E, Pihlajama¨ki T, Bossuyt S, Ha¨nninen H. Rev Sci Instrum. 2011 Jul;82(7):073901. PMID: 21806193 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Waste-recycling Monte Carlo with optimal estimates: Application to free energy calculations in alloys. Adjanor G, Athe`nes M, Rodgers JM. J Chem Phys. 2011 Jul 28;135(4):044127. PMID: 21806110 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Role of electronic excitation in the amorphization of ge-sb-te alloys. Li XB, Liu XQ, Liu X, Han D, Zhang Z, Han XD, Sun HB, Zhang SB. Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Jul 1;107(1):015501. Epub 2011 Jun 29. PMID: 21797549 [PubMed - in process]

  • Prediction of the operating point of dendrites growing under coupled thermosolutal control at high growth velocity. Mullis AM. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2011 Jun;83(6-1):061601. Epub 2011 Jun 2. PMID: 21797374 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Metal Anion-Alkyl Ammonium Complexes as Direct Write Precursors to Produce Nanopatterns of Metals, Nitrides, Oxides, Sulfides, And Alloys. Radha B, Kiruthika S, Kulkarni GU. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Jul 26. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21790160 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Characteristics of InGaN-based concentrator solar cells operating under 150X solar concentration. Yang CC, Jang CH, Sheu JK, Lee ML, Tu SJ, Huang FW, Yeh YH, Lai WC. Opt Express. 2011 Jul 4;19 Suppl 4:A695-700. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.00A695. PMID: 21747536 [PubMed - in process]

  • Determination of the magnetic ground state in the martensite phase of Ni-Mn-Z (Z = In, Sn and Sb) off-stoichiometric Heusler alloys by nonlinear AC susceptibility. Umetsu RY, Fujita A, Ito W, Kanomata T, Kainuma R. J Phys Condens Matter. 2011 Aug 17;23(32):326001. Epub 2011 Jul 25. PMID: 21785185 [PubMed - in process]

  • Effects of phase constitution on magnetic susceptibility and mechanical properties of Zr-rich Zr-Mo alloys. Suyalatu, Kondo R, Tsutsumi Y, Doi H, Nomura N, Hanawa T. Acta Biomater. 2011 Jul 19. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21784180 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Bioactive glass microspheres as osteopromotive inlays in macrotextured surfaces of Ti and CoCr alloy bone implants: Trapezoidal surface grooves without inlay most efficient in resisting torsional forces. Keränen P, Moritz N, Alm JJ, Ylänen H, Kommonen B, Aro HT. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2011 Oct;4(7):1483-91. Epub 2011 May 30. PMID: 21783158 [PubMed - in process]

  • Effect of the combination of dithiooctanoate monomers and acidic adhesive monomers on adhesion to precious metals, precious metal alloys and non-precious metal alloys. Ikemura K, Kojima K, Endo T, Kadoma Y. Dent Mater J. 2011 Jul 28;30(4):469-77. Epub 2011 Jul 21. PMID: 21778614 [PubMed - in process]

  • Nanoporous PtAg and PtCu alloys with hollow ligaments for enhanced electrocatalysis and glucose biosensing. Xu C, Liu Y, Su F, Liu A, Qiu H. Biosens Bioelectron. 2011 Sep 15;27(1):160-6. Epub 2011 Jul 7. PMID: 21778046 [PubMed - in process]

  • Pt/Cr and Pt/Ni catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: to alloy or not to alloy? Escaño MC, Gyenge E, Nakanishi H, Kasai H. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Apr;11(4):2944-51. PMID: 21776658 [PubMed - in process]

  • In vitro evaluation of the electrochemical behaviour of stainless steel and Ni-Ti orthodontic archwires at different temperatures. Pakshir M, Bagheri T, Kazemi MR. Eur J Orthod. 2011 Jul 19. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21771804 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Multifrequency atomic force microscopy: compositional imaging with electrostatic force measurements. Magonov S, Alexander J. Microsc Microanal. 2011 Aug;17(4):587-97. Epub 2011 Jul 19. PMID: 21771386 [PubMed - in process]

  • Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of intervertebral test spacers: an experimental comparison of magnesium versus titanium and carbon fiber reinforced polymers as biomaterials. Ernstberger T, Buchhorn G, Heidrich G. Ir J Med Sci. 2009 Aug 20. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19693644 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Ultrasonic irradiation and its application for improving the corrosion resistance of phosphate coatings on aluminum alloys. Sheng M, Wang C, Zhong Q, Wei Y, Wang Y. Ultrason Sonochem. 2010 Jan;17(1):21-5. Epub 2009 Aug 6. PMID: 19692286 [PubMed - in process]

  • Plasma reduction of bronze corrosion developed under long-term artificial ageing. Novakovic J, Papadopoulou O, Vassiliou P, Filippaki E, Bassiakos Y. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009 Aug 15. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19685234 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • First-principles studies on alloying and simplified thermodynamic aqueous chemical stability of calcium-, zinc-, aluminum-, yttrium- and iron-doped magnesium alloys. Velikokhatnyi OI, Kumta PN. Acta Biomater. 2009 Aug 14. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19683600 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

 

 

 

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