| Titanium Platinum is one of numerous metal alloys sold by American Elements under the tradename AE Alloys™. Generally immediately available in most volumes, AE Alloys™ are available as bar, Ingot, ribbon, wire, shot, sheet, and foil. Ultra high purity and high purity forms also include metal powder, submicron powder and nanoscale, targets for thin film deposition, and pellets for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) applications.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Primary applications include bearing assembly, ballast, casting, step soldering, and radiation shielding.
Titanium is a Block D, Group 4, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Titanium's shells is 2, 8, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d2 4s2. In its elemental form titanium's CAS number is 7440-32-6. The titanium atom has a radius of 144.8.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Titanium metal is not considered to be toxic although titanium as metal shavings or powder is considered a fire hazard. In its metallic form it is not only very strong and light weight, but also highly resistant to corrosion. Thus it can be found in numerous aerospace and military applications. In its oxide form it used in low grades to produce a white pigment. Titanium is the bases for numerous commercially essential compound groups, such as titanium titanates in electronic and di-electric formulations and in crystal growth for ruby and sapphire lasers. Titanium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy , abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Titanium was first discovered by William Gregor in 1791. Titanium was named after the word Titanos which is Greek for Titans. See Titanium research below.
Platinum is a Block D, Group 10, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Platinum's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1. In its elemental form platinum's CAS number is 7440-06-4. The platinum atom has a radius of 137.3.pm and it's Van derWaals radius is 172.pm. Platinum is not toxic. Platinum is a member of the platinum group of metals. It is highly corrosion resistant and has numerous catalytic applications. These include in petrochemical cracking catalysts, automotive catalytic converters and in the processes used for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The metal does not oxidize in air at any temperature. The metal is extensively used in jewelry, electronic wire, and crucibles for corrosive and high temperature laboratory uses and in many advanced instruments. Platinum compounds have application in medicine. Platinum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Platinum was first discovered by Julius Scaliger in 1735. The origin of the name comes from the Spanish word platina meaning silver. See Platinum research below. |
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Recent Research & Development for Titanium
- Anticancer efficacy enhancement and attenuation of side effects of doxorubicin with titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
Chen Y, Wan Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Jiao Z.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:2321-6. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
PMID:
22072869
[PubMed - in process]
- Keyhole Cochlear Implantation: Current Status.
Black B.
Otol Neurotol. 2011 Nov 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22072266
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Characterization of a hydroxyapatite sputtered film subject to hydrothermal treatment using FE-SEM and STEM.
Ozeki K, Aoki H, Masuzawa T.
Biomed Mater Eng. 2011 Jan 1;21(3):179-89.
PMID:
22072082
[PubMed - in process]
- In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of permanent prosthetic materials.
Sabaliauskas V, Juciute R, Bukelskiene V, Rutkunas V, Trumpaite-Vanagiene R, Puriene A.
Stomatologija. 2011;13(3):75-80.
PMID:
22071414
[PubMed - in process]
- Effect of ionic products of dicalcium silicate coating on osteoblast differentiation and collagen production via TGF-ß1 pathway.
Li J, Wei L, Sun J, Guan G.
J Biomater Appl. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22071351
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Reconstruction of defects of maxillary sinus wall after removal of a huge odontogenic lesion using prebended 3D titanium-mesh and CAD/CAM technique - Methodology article -
Stoetzer M, Rana M, Von See C, Eckardt AM, Gellrich NC.
Head Face Med. 2011 Nov 9;7(1):21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22070833
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Total Synthesis of (-)-Virginiamycin M2: Application of Crotylsilanes Accessed by Enantioselective Rh(II) or Cu(I) Promoted Carbenoid Si-H Insertion.
Wu J, Panek JS.
J Org Chem. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22070230
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Reduced stress shielding with limited micromotions using a carbon fibre composite biomimetic hip stem: a finite element model.
Caouette C, Yahia LH, Bureau MN.
Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2011 Sep;225(9):907-19.
PMID:
22070028
[PubMed - in process]
- Numerical simulation of bone remodelling around dental implants.
Ojeda J, Martínez-Reina J, García-Aznar JM, Domínguez J, Doblaré M.
Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2011 Sep;225(9):897-906.
PMID:
22070027
[PubMed - in process]
- [Application of titanium plate and Teflon patch in chest wall reconstruction after sternal. tumor resection].
Wu X, Chen M, Yu F.
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2011 Oct;25(10):1224-6. Chinese.
PMID:
22069979
[PubMed - in process]
- Pediatric bony craniovertebral junction abnormalities: Institutional experience of 10 years.
Kale SS, Ailawadhi P, Yerramneni VK, Chandra PS, Kumar R, Sharma BS, Mahapatra AK.
J Pediatr Neurosci. 2011 Oct;6(Suppl 1):S91-5.
PMID:
22069436
[PubMed]
- Dietary Exposure Estimates of 14 Trace Elements in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, Two High Lung Cancer Incidence Areas in China.
Zhang L, Lv J, Liao C.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22068732
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Comparative approach to capture bacterial diversity of coastal waters.
Na H, Kim OS, Yoon SH, Kim Y, Chun J.
J Microbiol. 2011 Oct;49(5):729-40. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
PMID:
22068488
[PubMed - in process]
- Combined Use of Titanium Mesh and Resorbable PLLA-PGA Implant in the Treatment of Large Orbital Floor Fractures.
Magana FG, Arzac RM, De Hilario Aviles L.
J Craniofac Surg. 2011 Nov 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22067850
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- No improvement in long-term wear and revision rates with the second-generation Biomet cup (RingLoc) in young patients.
Boesenach B, van der Heide HJ, Nelissen RG.
Acta Orthop. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22066563
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Clinical outcomes of TS-1 chemotherapy for advanced and recurrent gastric cancer.
Lee SR, Kim HO, Yoo CH.
J Korean Surg Soc. 2011 Sep;81(3):163-8. Epub 2011 Sep 26.
PMID:
22066117
[PubMed]
- Melanosis ilei induced by prolonged charcoal ingestion.
Kim GM, Jun EJ, Kim YC, Park JM, Hong SI, Cheung DY, Kim JI, Lee YS.
J Korean Surg Soc. 2011 Jul;81(1):66-9. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
PMID:
22066103
[PubMed]
- The mixed-valent titanium phosphate, Li(2)Ti(2)(PO(4))(3), dilithium dititanium(III/IV) tris-(orthophosphate).
Kee Y, Lee SS, Yun H.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):i49. Epub 2011 Aug 17.
PMID:
22065701
[PubMed]
- Transition from Anodic Titania Nanotubes to Nanowires: Arising from Nanotube Growth to Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.
Sun L, Zhang S, Wang X, Sun XW, Ong DY, Wang X, Zhao D.
Chemphyschem. 2011 Nov 7. doi: 10.1002/cphc.201100450. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22065460
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Influence of metal ions on human lymphocytes and the generation of titanium-specific T-lymphocytes.
Chan E, Cadosch D, Gautschi OP, Sprengel K, Filgueira L.
J Appl Biomater Biomech. 2011 May-Aug;9(2):137-43. doi: 10.5301/JABB.2011.8567.
PMID:
22065391
[PubMed - in process]
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Recent Research & Development for Platinum
- A new
[(1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane]platinum(II) complex: formation by
nitrate-acetonitrile ligand exchange. Pa?out R, Housková J, Dusek M, Maixner J, Cibulková J, Kacer P. Acta Crystallogr C. 2010 Oct 15;66(Pt
10):m273-m275. Epub 2010 Sep 4. PubMed PMID: 20921601.
- Platinum-based chemotherapy in
metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: the Institut Curie experience. Staudacher L, Cottu PH, Diéras V, Vincent-Salomon A, Guilhaume MN, Escalup L,
Dorval T, Beuzeboc P, Mignot L, Pierga JY. Ann
Oncol. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20924076.
- New reactions
of anticancer-platinum complexes and their intriguing behaviour under various
experimental conditions. Alemán J, Del Solar V, Cubo L, Quiroga AG, Navarro Ranninger C. Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20922260.
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with splenic and cystic liver metastases in a pediatric
patient: 18F-FDG PET-CT findings. Radhakrishnan V, Thulkar S, Karunanithi S, Tanveer N, Bakhshi S. Pediatr Radiol. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20922367.
- Preparation of large thermally stable platinum
nanocubes by using solvent-thermal reaction. Shen Z, Matsuki Y, Shimoda T. Chem Commun (Camb). 2010 Oct 4.
[Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20922214.
- Platinum-free tungsten carbides as
an efficient counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cells. Jang JS, Ham DJ, Ramasamy E, Lee J, Lee JS. Chem Commun
(Camb). 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20890501.
- Complexation and Extraction of PAHs to the Aqueous Phase with a Dinuclear
Pt(II) Diazapyrenium-Based Metallacycle. Blanco V, García MD, Terenzi A, Pía E, Fernández-Mato A, Peinador C, Quintela
JM. Chemistry. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20922724.
- Photoinduced Electron Transfer in
Zn(II)porphyrin-Bridge-Pt(II)acetylide Complexes: Variation in Rate with
Anchoring Group and Position of the Bridge. Go?ransson E, Boixel J, Monnereau C, Blart E, Pellegrin Y, Becker HC,
Hammarstro?m L, Odobel F. Inorg Chem. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead
of print] PubMed PMID: 20919727.
- Engineered Biocompatible Nanoparticles for in Vivo Imaging Applications. Chen S, Wang L, Duce SL, Brown S, Lee S, Melzer A, Cuschieri SA, Andre? P. J Am
Chem Soc. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20919679.
- Electrochemical absorption and
oxidation of hydrogen on palladium alloys with platinum, gold and rhodium. Lukaszewski M, Hubkowska K, Czerwinski A. Phys
Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20890504.
- Engineering of self-assembled nanoparticle platform for precisely
controlled combination drug therapy. Kolishetti N, Dhar S, Valencia PM, Lin LQ, Karnik R, Lippard SJ, Langer R,
Farokhzad OC. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20921363.
- Early versus delayed treatment of relapsed ovarian cancer
(MRC OV05/EORTC 55955): a randomised trial. Rustin GJ, van der Burg ME, Griffin CL, Guthrie D, Lamont A, Jayson GC,
Kristensen G, Mediola C, Coens C, Qian W, Parmar MK, Swart AM; MRC OV05; EORTC
55955 investigators. Lancet. 2010 Oct 2;376(9747):1155-63.
PubMed PMID: 20888993.
- Dielectric properties of
(Ba,Sr)TiO? thin films with varied microstructures prepared by the chemical
solution deposition method for thin-film capacitors and ferroelectric varactors.
Kageyama K, Hosokura T, Nakaiso T, Takagi H. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2010 Oct;57(10):2198-204. PubMed
PMID: 20889405.
- Targeting Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Cancer Stem Cells in
Ovarian Cancer. Landen CN, Goodman BW, Katre AA, Steg AD, Nick AM, Stone R, Miller L,
Vivas-Mejia PE, Jennings NB, Gershenson DM, Bast RC Jr, Coleman RL,
Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK. Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20889728.
- Microflow injection chemiluminescence system with
spiral microchannel for the determination of cisplatin in human serum. Wang X, Yin X, Cheng H. Anal Chim
Acta. 2010 Sep 30;678(2):135-9. Epub 2010 Aug 13. PubMed PMID: 20888444.
- Phase III
Study of Radiation Therapy With or Without Cis-Platinum in Patients with
Unresectable Squamous or Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: An
Intergroup Trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E2382). Quon H, Leong T, Haselow R, Leipzig B, Cooper J, Forastiere A. Int J Radiat
Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Sep 30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20888709.
- Importance of backdonation in
[M-(CO)]p+ complexes isoelectronic to [Au-(CO)]+. Gourlaouen C, Parisel O, Piquemal JP. J Chem Phys. 2010 Sep
28;133(12):124310. PubMed PMID: 20886935.
- Long-term cardiovascular risk following
platinum-based chemotherapy for germ cell tumors. Evans C, Williams M, Mazhar D. Future Oncol. 2010
Sep;6(9):1365-8. PubMed PMID: 20919820.
- Coating of tips for electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy
by means of silicon, magnesium, and tungsten oxides. Salerno M. Rev Sci Instrum. 2010
Sep;81(9):093703. PubMed PMID: 20886983.
- Targeted agents in ovarian cancer. Kristedja TS, Morgan RJ, Cristea M. Womens
Health (Lond Engl). 2010 Sep;6(5):679-94. PubMed PMID: 20887168.
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Recent Research & Development for Alloys
- Tailoring nanostructured, graded, and particle-reinforced Al laminates by accumulative roll bonding.
Göken M, Höppel HW.
Adv Mater. 2011 Jun 17;23(22-23):2663-8.
PMID:
21823248
[PubMed - in process]
- Highly monodisperse core-shell particles created by solid-state reactions.
Radmilovic V, Ophus C, Marquis EA, Rossell MD, Tolley A, Gautam A, Asta M, Dahmen U.
Nat Mater. 2011 Aug 7. doi: 10.1038/nmat3077. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21822262
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Aerosol Deposition of Hydroxyapatite and 4-Hexylresorcinol Coatings on Titanium Alloys for Dental Implants.
Kim SG, Hahn BD, Park DS, Lee YC, Choi EJ, Chae WS, Baek DH, Choi JY.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011 Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821331
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Progress in the Removal of Di-[2-Ethylhexyl]-Phthalate as Plasticizer in Blood Bags.
Simmchen J, Ventura R, Segura J.
Transfus Med Rev. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21820855
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Antibacterial effect of silver-platinum coating for orthodontic appliances.
Ryu HS, Bae IH, Lee KG, Hwang HS, Lee KH, Koh JT, Cho JH.
Angle Orthod. 2011 Aug 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21810004
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Influence of metal alloy and the profile of coronary stents in patients with multivessel coronary disease.
Abreu Filho LM, Forte AA, Sumita MK, Favarato D, Meireles GC.
Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011;66(6):985-9.
PMID:
21808863
[PubMed - in process]
- A combined arc-melting and tilt-casting furnace for the manufacture of high-purity bulk metallic glass materials.
Soinila E, Pihlajama¨ki T, Bossuyt S, Ha¨nninen H.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2011 Jul;82(7):073901.
PMID:
21806193
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Waste-recycling Monte Carlo with optimal estimates: Application to free energy calculations in alloys.
Adjanor G, Athe`nes M, Rodgers JM.
J Chem Phys. 2011 Jul 28;135(4):044127.
PMID:
21806110
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Role of electronic excitation in the amorphization of ge-sb-te alloys.
Li XB, Liu XQ, Liu X, Han D, Zhang Z, Han XD, Sun HB, Zhang SB.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Jul 1;107(1):015501. Epub 2011 Jun 29.
PMID:
21797549
[PubMed - in process]
- Prediction of the operating point of dendrites growing under coupled thermosolutal control at high growth velocity.
Mullis AM.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2011 Jun;83(6-1):061601. Epub 2011 Jun 2.
PMID:
21797374
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Metal Anion-Alkyl Ammonium Complexes as Direct Write Precursors to Produce Nanopatterns of Metals, Nitrides, Oxides, Sulfides, And Alloys.
Radha B, Kiruthika S, Kulkarni GU.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Jul 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21790160
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Characteristics of InGaN-based concentrator solar cells operating under 150X solar concentration.
Yang CC, Jang CH, Sheu JK, Lee ML, Tu SJ, Huang FW, Yeh YH, Lai WC.
Opt Express. 2011 Jul 4;19 Suppl 4:A695-700. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.00A695.
PMID:
21747536
[PubMed - in process]
- Determination of the magnetic ground state in the martensite phase of Ni-Mn-Z (Z = In, Sn and Sb) off-stoichiometric Heusler alloys by nonlinear AC susceptibility.
Umetsu RY, Fujita A, Ito W, Kanomata T, Kainuma R.
J Phys Condens Matter. 2011 Aug 17;23(32):326001. Epub 2011 Jul 25.
PMID:
21785185
[PubMed - in process]
- Effects of phase constitution on magnetic susceptibility and mechanical properties of Zr-rich Zr-Mo alloys.
Suyalatu, Kondo R, Tsutsumi Y, Doi H, Nomura N, Hanawa T.
Acta Biomater. 2011 Jul 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21784180
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Bioactive glass microspheres as osteopromotive inlays in macrotextured surfaces of Ti and CoCr alloy bone implants: Trapezoidal surface grooves without inlay most efficient in resisting torsional forces.
Keränen P, Moritz N, Alm JJ, Ylänen H, Kommonen B, Aro HT.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2011 Oct;4(7):1483-91. Epub 2011 May 30.
PMID:
21783158
[PubMed - in process]
- Effect of the combination of dithiooctanoate monomers and acidic adhesive monomers on adhesion to precious metals, precious metal alloys and non-precious metal alloys.
Ikemura K, Kojima K, Endo T, Kadoma Y.
Dent Mater J. 2011 Jul 28;30(4):469-77. Epub 2011 Jul 21.
PMID:
21778614
[PubMed - in process]
- Nanoporous PtAg and PtCu alloys with hollow ligaments for enhanced electrocatalysis and glucose biosensing.
Xu C, Liu Y, Su F, Liu A, Qiu H.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2011 Sep 15;27(1):160-6. Epub 2011 Jul 7.
PMID:
21778046
[PubMed - in process]
- Pt/Cr and Pt/Ni catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: to alloy or not to alloy?
Escaño MC, Gyenge E, Nakanishi H, Kasai H.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Apr;11(4):2944-51.
PMID:
21776658
[PubMed - in process]
- In vitro evaluation of the electrochemical behaviour of stainless steel and Ni-Ti orthodontic archwires at different temperatures.
Pakshir M, Bagheri T, Kazemi MR.
Eur J Orthod. 2011 Jul 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21771804
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Multifrequency atomic force microscopy: compositional imaging with electrostatic force measurements.
Magonov S, Alexander J.
Microsc Microanal. 2011 Aug;17(4):587-97. Epub 2011 Jul 19.
PMID:
21771386
[PubMed - in process]
- Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of intervertebral test spacers: an experimental comparison of magnesium versus titanium and carbon fiber reinforced polymers as biomaterials.
Ernstberger T, Buchhorn G, Heidrich G.
Ir J Med Sci. 2009 Aug 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19693644 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Ultrasonic irradiation and its application for improving the corrosion resistance of phosphate coatings on aluminum alloys.
Sheng M, Wang C, Zhong Q, Wei Y, Wang Y.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2010 Jan;17(1):21-5. Epub 2009 Aug 6.
PMID: 19692286 [PubMed - in process]
- Plasma reduction of bronze corrosion developed under long-term artificial ageing.
Novakovic J, Papadopoulou O, Vassiliou P, Filippaki E, Bassiakos Y.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009 Aug 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19685234 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- First-principles studies on alloying and simplified thermodynamic aqueous chemical stability of calcium-, zinc-, aluminum-, yttrium- and iron-doped magnesium alloys.
Velikokhatnyi OI, Kumta PN.
Acta Biomater. 2009 Aug 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19683600 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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