Titanium is a Block D, Group 4, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Titanium's shells is 2, 8, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d2 4s2. In its elemental form titanium's CAS number is 7440-32-6. The titanium atom has a radius of 144.8.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Titanium metal is not considered to be toxic although titanium as metal shavings or powder is considered a fire hazard. In its metallic form it is not only very strong and light weight, but also highly resistant to corrosion. Thus it can be found in numerous aerospace and military applications. In its oxide form it used in low grades to produce a white pigment. Titanium is the bases for numerous commercially essential compound groups, such as titanium titanates in electronic and di-electric formulations and in crystal growth for ruby and sapphire lasers. Titanium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy , abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Titanium was first discovered by William Gregor in 1791. Titanium was named after the word Titanos which is Greek for Titans. See Titanium research below.
Silicon is a Block P, Group 14, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Silicon's shells is 2, 8, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p2. In its elemental form silicon's CAS number is 7440-21-3. The silicon atom has a radius of 117.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 210.pm. Silicon is not toxic but can cause chronic respiratory problems if inhaled as a fine silica or silicate dust. Asbestos silicates are carcinogenic. Silicon is one of man's most useful elements. It makes up 25.7% of the earth's crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, being exceeded only by oxygen. The Czochralski process is commonly used to produce single crystals of silicon used for solid-state or semiconductor devices. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Silicon is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Ultra high purity silicon can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus , or arsenic to produce silicon for use in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices which are used extensively in the electronics and space-age industries. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon has shown promise in producing economical cells for converting solar energy into electricity. Silcones are important products of silicon. They range from liquids to hard, glasslike solids with many useful properties. Silicon was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1823. The name Silicon originates from the Latin word "silex" which means flint or hard stone. See Silicon research below.
Effect of surface treatments on the bond strength of a resin cement to commercially pure titanium.
Almeida-Júnior AA, Fonseca RG, Haneda IG, Abi-Rached Fde O, Adabo GL.
Braz Dent J. 2010;21(2):111-6.
PMID: 20640356 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticle aggregate size on gene expression.
Okuda-Shimazaki J, Takaku S, Kanehira K, Sonezaki S, Taniguchi A.
Int J Mol Sci. 2010 Jun 7;11(6):2383-92.
PMID: 20640159 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
Enhancement of endoprosthesis anchoring using BMP-2.
Thorey F, Menzel H, Lorenz C, Gross G, Hoffmann A, Windhagen H.
Technol Health Care. 2010 Jan 1;18(3):217-29.
PMID: 20639598 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
The effect of high intensity ultrasound on the loading of Au nanoparticles into titanium dioxide.
Belova V, Borodina T, Möhwald H, Shchukin DG.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2010 Jul 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20638889 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
The effect of a slow mode of BMP-2 delivery on the inflammatory response provoked by bone-defect-filling polymeric scaffolds.
Wu G, Liu Y, Iizuka T, Hunziker EB.
Biomaterials. 2010 Jul 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20638718 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
[Surgical fixation of rib fractures with clips and titanium bars (STRATOS System). Preliminary experience.]
Moreno De La Santa Barajas P, Polo Otero MD, Delgado Sánchez-Gracián C, Lozano Gómez M, Toscano Novella A, Calatayud Moscoso Del Prado J, Leal Ruiloba S, Choren Durán ML.
Cir Esp. 2010 Jul 16. [Epub ahead of print] Spanish.
PMID: 20638653 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
A microfluidic device integrated with multichamber polymerase chain reaction and multichannel separation for genetic analysis.
Pan X, Jiang L, Liu K, Lin B, Qin J.
Anal Chim Acta. 2010 Jul 26;674(1):110-115. Epub 2010 Jun 12.
PMID: 20638507 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
Mechanism of Escherichia coli inactivation on palladium-modified nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide.
Wu P, Imlay JA, Shang JK.
Biomaterials. 2010 Jul 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20637502 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
A novel method for lateral callus distraction and its importance for the mechano-biology of bone-formation.
Claes L, Veeser A, Göckelmann M, Horvath D, Dürselen L, Ignatius A.
Bone. 2010 Jul 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20637324 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
Onlay bone grafting of the mandible after periosteal expansion with an osmotic tissue expander: an experimental study in rabbits.
Abrahamsson P, Isaksson S, Gordh M, Andersson G.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010 Jul 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20637032 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
Adhesion pattern and growth of primary human osteoblastic cells on five commercially available titanium surfaces.
Passeri G, Cacchioli A, Ravanetti F, Galli C, Elezi E, Macaluso GM.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010 Jul;21(7):756-65.
PMID: 20636730 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
Cement thickness at implant-supported single-tooth Lava assemblies: a scanning electron microscopic investigation.
Apicella D, Veltri M, Chieffi N, Balleri P, Ferrari M.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010 Jul;21(7):747-50.
PMID: 20636729 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
Biofunctionalization of titanium implants with a biomimetic active peptide (P-15) promotes early osseointegration.
Lutz R, Srour S, Nonhoff J, Weisel T, Damien CJ, Schlegel KA.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010 Jul;21(7):726-34.
PMID: 20636727 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
Bending characteristics of polymethylmethacrylate columns, connecting bars of carbon fiber, titanium, and stainless steel used in external skeletal fixation and an acrylic interface.
Amsellem PM, Egger EL, Wilson DL.
Vet Surg. 2010 Jul;39(5):631-7.
PMID: 20636558 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
[Fracture behavior of mandibular premolars with flared root canals restored with different post-and-core systems and root rehabilitation]
Liu CL, Gao X, Lan J, Ji P.
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2010 Jun;28(3):286-9. Chinese.
PMID: 20635659 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
[Detection and monitoring of enamel early caries in vivo using red fluorescence analysis by quantitative light-induced fluorescence method]
Liu X, Luo XP, Wang N, Zhu L.
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2010 Jun;28(3):273-7. Chinese.
PMID: 20635656 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
[Effect of fluoride ion on corrosion of two dental titanium alloys]
Cao BW, Chen L.
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2010 Jun;28(3):261-4. Chinese.
PMID: 20635653 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
An evaluation of fracture stabilization comparing kyphoplasty and titanium mesh repair techniques for vertebral compression fractures: is bone cement necessary?
Ghofrani H, Nunn T, Robertson C, Mahar A, Lee Y, Garfin S.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010 Jul 15;35(16):E768-73.
PMID: 20634659 [PubMed - in process]
Related citations
Enhanced initial proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on HF/HNO(3) solution treated nanostructural titanium surface.
He F, Zhang F, Yang G, Wang X, Zhao S.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010 Jul 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20634111 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
Comparison of Metal and Metal Oxide Media for Phosphopeptide Enrichment Prior to Mass Spectrometric Analyses.
Gates MB, Tomer KB, Deterding LJ.
J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2010 Jun 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 20634090 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related citations
The effect of beverage preparation method on aluminium content in coffee infusions.
Franková A, Drábek O, Havlík J, Száková J, Vanek A.
J Inorg Biochem. 2009 Aug 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19748677 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Acid generation upon thermal concentration of natural water: The critical water content and the effects of ionic composition.
Pulvirenti AL, Needham KM, Adel-Hadadi MA, Marks CR, Gorman JA, Shettel DL, Barkatt A.
J Contam Hydrol. 2009 Aug 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19748152 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ferromagnetic Mesostructured Alloys: Design of Ordered Mesostructured Alloys with Multicomponent Metals from Lyotropic Liquid Crystals.
Yamauchi Y, Komatsu M, Fuziwara M, Nemoto Y, Sato K, Yokoshima T, Sukegawa H, Inomata K, Kuroda K.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2009 Sep 10. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 19746376 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
First obtaining of glass solutions and phase diagram of glucose with fully tunable anomeric concentration.
Dujardin N, Willart JF, Dudognon E, Danède F, Descamps M.
J Pharm Sci. 2009 Sep 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19739111 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effect of casting atmosphere on the shear bond strength of a ceramic to Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Be alloys.
Pagnano VO, Esquivel Mde C, Leal MB, Felipucci DN, Bezzon OL.
Braz Dent J. 2009;20(2):138-42.
PMID: 19738947 [PubMed - in process]
Sources, nature, and fate of heavy metal-bearing particles in the sewer system.
Houhou J, Lartiges BS, Montarges-Pelletier E, Sieliechi J, Ghanbaja J, Kohler A.
Sci Total Environ. 2009 Sep 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19735936 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Cobalt toxicity: chemical and radiological combined effects on HaCaT keratinocyte cell line.
Gault N, Sandre C, Poncy JL, Moulin C, Lefaix JL, Bresson C.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2009 Sep 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19735721 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Structural and Architectural Evaluation of Bimetallic Nanoparticles: A Case Study of Pt-Ru Core-Shell and Alloy Nanoparticles.
Alayoglu S, Zavalij P, Eichhorn B, Wang Q, Frenkel AI, Chupas P.
ACS Nano. 2009 Sep 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19731934 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Study of metallic components of historical organ pipes using synchrotron radiation X-ray microfluorescence imaging and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction.
Herrera LK, Justo A, Muñoz-Páez A, Sans JA, Martínez-Criado G.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009 Sep 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19730830 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The effect of alkaline phosphatase coated onto titanium alloys on bone responses in rats.
Schouten C, van den Beucken JJ, de Jonge LT, Bronkhorst EM, Meijer GJ, Spauwen PH, Jansen JA.
Biomaterials. 2009 Aug 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19717187 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A rapid isotope ratio analysis protocol for nuclear solid materials using nano-second laser-ablation time-of-flight ICP-MS.
Bürger S, Riciputi LR.
J Environ Radioact. 2009 Nov;100(11):970-6. Epub 2009 Aug 27.
PMID: 19716213 [PubMed - in process]
Norepinephrine: Material-Independent, Multifunctional Surface Modification Reagent.
Kang SM, Rho J, Choi IS, Messersmith PB, Lee H.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19715340 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Selecting the right temporary cement.
Abrams SH.
Dent Today. 2009 Aug;28(8):108, 110-1. No abstract available.
PMID: 19715073 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Biomimetic Modification of Porous TiNbZr Alloy Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering.
Wang X, Li Y, Hodgson PD, Wen C.
Tissue Eng Part A. 2009 Aug 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19705960 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ionic liquids as advanced lubricant fluids.
Bermúdez MD, Jiménez AE, Sanes J, Carrión FJ.
Molecules. 2009 Aug 4;14(8):2888-908.
PMID: 19701132 [PubMed - in process]
Invited commentary.
Rasmussen TE.
J Vasc Surg. 2009 Sep;50(3):548. No abstract available.
PMID: 19700092 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of intervertebral test spacers: an experimental comparison of magnesium versus titanium and carbon fiber reinforced polymers as biomaterials.
Ernstberger T, Buchhorn G, Heidrich G.
Ir J Med Sci. 2009 Aug 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19693644 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ultrasonic irradiation and its application for improving the corrosion resistance of phosphate coatings on aluminum alloys.
Sheng M, Wang C, Zhong Q, Wei Y, Wang Y.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2010 Jan;17(1):21-5. Epub 2009 Aug 6.
PMID: 19692286 [PubMed - in process]
Plasma reduction of bronze corrosion developed under long-term artificial ageing.
Novakovic J, Papadopoulou O, Vassiliou P, Filippaki E, Bassiakos Y.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009 Aug 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19685234 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
First-principles studies on alloying and simplified thermodynamic aqueous chemical stability of calcium-, zinc-, aluminum-, yttrium- and iron-doped magnesium alloys.
Velikokhatnyi OI, Kumta PN.
Acta Biomater. 2009 Aug 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19683600 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
American Elements is a copyrighted U.S. Trademark. All rights reserved.
Titanium is a Block D, Group 4, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Titanium's shells is 2, 8, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d2 4s2. In its elemental form titanium's CAS number is 7440-32-6. The titanium atom has a radius of 144.8.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Titanium metal is not considered to be toxic although titanium as metal shavings or powder is considered a fire hazard. In its metallic form it is not only very strong and light weight, but also highly resistant to corrosion. Thus it can be found in 
numerous aerospace and military applications. In its oxide form it used in low grades to produce a white pigment. Titanium is the bases for numerous commercially essential compound groups, such as 
titanium titanates in electronic and di-electric formulations and in crystal growth for ruby and sapphire lasers. Titanium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy , abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Titanium was first discovered by William Gregor in 1791. Titanium was named after the word Titanos which is Greek for Titans. See Titanium research below. 
Silicon is a Block P, Group 14, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Silicon's shells is 2, 8, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p2. In its elemental form silicon's CAS number is 7440-21-3. The silicon atom has a radius of 117.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 210.pm. Silicon is not toxic but can cause chronic respiratory problems if inhaled as a fine silica or silicate dust. Asbestos silicates are carcinogenic. Silicon is
one of man's most useful elements. It makes up 25.7% of the earth's crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, being exceeded only by oxygen. The Czochralski process is commonly used to produce single crystals of silicon used for solid-state or semiconductor devices. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Silicon is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Ultra high purity silicon can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus , or arsenic to produce silicon for use in 
transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices which are used extensively in the electronics and space-age industries. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon has shown promise in producing economical cells for converting solar energy into electricity. Silcones are important products of silicon. They range from liquids to hard, glasslike solids with many useful properties. Silicon was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1823. The name Silicon originates from the Latin word "silex" which means flint or hard stone. See Silicon research below.
