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Thulium Oxide
Tm2O3
12036-44-1

Product
Product Code
Order or Specifications
99% Thulium Oxide
TM-OX-01
 Contact American Elements
99.9% Thulium Oxide
TM-OX-03
 Contact American Elements
99.99% Thulium Oxide
TM-OX-04
 Contact American Elements
99.999% Thulium Oxide
TM-OX-05
 Contact American Elements
 
Thulium Oxide is a highly insoluble thermally stable Thulium source suitable for glass, optic Ultra High Purity (99.99+%) Oxide Powder and ceramic applications. Thulium Oxide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Thulium emits blue upon excitation in flat panel screens and under X-ray bombardment emits both the 375 nm (ultra violet) and 465 (visible blue) wave lengths giving it useful applications in low radiation detection for detection badges and similar uses. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems. Rare Earth oxide compounds are basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions. They are compounds containing at least one oxygen anion and one metallic cation. They are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibit ionic conductivity. Thulium oxide is also available in pellets, pieces, sputtering targets, and tablets. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.

Thulium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The electronic configuration is [Xe]4f136s2. In its elemental form thulium's CAS number is 7440-30-4. The thulium atom has a radius of 172.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Thulium is representative of the other lanthanides (rare earths) similar in chemistry to Yttrium. Thulium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Thulium emits blue upon excitation. Flat panel screens depend critically on bright blue emitters. Also, under X-ray bombardment emissions are in both the 375 nm (ultra violet) and 465 (visible blue) wave lengths.

Formula CAS No. Appearance Molecular Weight Density Melting Point Boiling Point Solubility Stability
Tm2O3 12036-44-1 White 385.88 8600 kg/m³ 2425 °C   Insoluble in water, moderately soluble in strong mineral acids Slightly hygroscopic
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Recent Research & Development for Thulium

  • Thorium series radionuclides in the environment: Measurement, dose assessment and regulation. Appl Radiat Isot. 2008 Apr 15. [Epub ahead of print]

  • Determination of thorium isotopes in mineral and environmental water and soil samples by alpha-spectrometry and the fate of thorium in water. Appl Radiat Isot. 2008 Apr 3. [Epub ahead of print]

  • The establishment of a portable high sensitivity exhaled thoron activity measurement system. J Radiol Prot. 2008 Jun;28(2):195-204. Epub 2008 May 22.

  • The effect of manufacturing variables on radiation doses from porcelain tiles. Health Phys. 2008 Jun;94(6):539-47.

  • The natural radioactivity in Guarani aquifer groundwater, Brazil. Appl Radiat Isot. 2008 Mar 19. [Epub ahead of print]

  • Micro-column solid phase extraction to determine uranium and thorium in environmental samples. Appl Radiat Isot. 2008 Aug;66(8):1097-103. Epub 2007 Oct 4.

  • Mortality among Thorotrast-exposed patients and an unexposed comparison group in the German Thorotrast study. Eur J Cancer. 2008 Jun;44(9):1259-68. Epub 2008 Apr 18.

  • Thorium-induced oxidative stress mediated toxicity in mice and its abrogation by Diethylenetriamine pentaacetate. Int J Radiat Biol. 2008 Apr;84(4):337-49.

  • [Electrophoretic and immunochemical research of rat urine proteins in dynamics after intravenous injection of thorium dioxide (thorotrast)] Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2007 Nov-Dec;47(6):707-16. Russian.

  • U and Th in some brown coals of Serbia and Montenegro and their environmental impact. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2008 Mar;15(2):155-61.

  • Study of pollution in the El Jadida-Safi Atlantic coastal zone (Morocco) by using PIXE and SSNTD methods. J Environ Radioact. 2008 Mar 29. [Epub ahead of print]

  • Soil and sediment sample analysis for the sequential determination of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides. Talanta. 2008 Feb 15;74(5):1527-33. Epub 2007 Oct 2.

  • NASA's flimsy argument for nuclear weapons. Sci Am. 2008 Mar;298(3):23-4. No abstract available.

  • Numerical analysis of alpha spectra using two different codes. Appl Radiat Isot. 2008 Jun-Jul;66(6-7):808-12. Epub 2008 Feb 9.

  • Radiation protection issues related to Canadian museum operations. Health Phys. 2008 Feb;94(2 Suppl):S16-20.

  • TOF-2: a large 1D channel thorium organic framework. J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Mar 26;130(12):3762-3. Epub 2008 Mar 6.

  • 238U, 232Th, 222Rn, AND 220Rn concentrations measured in various bottled mineral waters and resulting radiation doses to the members of the European population living in the city of Marrakech (Morocco). Health Phys. 2008 Mar;94(3):279-91.

  • Concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the soils of Bangalore region, India. Health Phys. 2008 Mar;94(3):264-71.

  • Affinity of the highly preorganized ligand PDA (1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid) for large metal ions of higher charge. A crystallographic and thermodynamic study of PDA complexes of thorium(IV) and the uranyl(VI) ion. Inorg Chem. 2008 Mar 17;47(6):2000-10. Epub 2008 Feb 20.

  • Natural radioactivity hazards of building bricks fabricated from saline soil of two districts of Pakistan. J Radiol Prot. 2007 Dec;27(4):481-92. Epub 2007 Nov 27.

 

Material Safety Data Sheet
  • 1 Identification of substance

    • Product details

    • Trade name Thulium oxide
  • 2 Composition/Data on components:

    • Chemical characterization:
                 Designation: (CAS#)                                        
      Thulium oxide (CAS# 12036-44-1); 100%
    • Identification number(s):
    • EINECS Number: 234-851-6
  • 3 Hazards identification

    • Hazard designation: · void
    • Information pertaining to particular dangers for man and environment
      Not applicable
  • 4 First aid measures

    • After inhalation
      Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm. Consult doctor if symptoms persist.
      Seek immediate medical advice.
    • After skin contact
      Instantly wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.
      Seek immediate medical advice.
    • After eye contact
      Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult doctor.
    • After swallowing Seek medical treatment.
  • 5 Fire fighting measures

    • Suitable extinguishing agents
      Use fire fighting measures that suit the environment.
    • Protective equipment:
      Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
      Wear full protective suit.
  • 6 Accidental release measures

    • Person-related safety precautions:
      Wear protective equipment. Keep unprotected persons away.
      Ensure adequate ventilation
    • Measures for environmental protection:
      Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
    • Measures for cleaning/collecting: Collect mechanically.
    • Additional information:
      See Section 7 for information on safe handling
      See section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
      See Section 13 for information on disposal.
  • 7 Handling and storage


    • Handling
    • Information for safe handling:
      Keep containers tightly sealed.
      Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
      No special precautions necessary if used correctly.
    • Information about protection against explosions and fires:
      The product is not flammable

    • Storage
    • Requirements to be met by storerooms and containers:
      No special requirements.
    • Information about storage in one common storage facility:
      Do not store together with acids.
    • Further information about storage conditions:
      Keep container tightly sealed.
      Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
  • 8 Exposure controls and personal protection

    • Additional information about design of technical systems:
      Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.

    • Components with critical values that require monitoring at the
      workplace:                                                             
      Not required.
    • Additional information: No data

    • Personal protective equipment
    • General protective and hygienic measures
      The usual precautionary measures should be adhered to in handling the chemicals.
      Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and food.
      Instantly remove any soiled and impregnated garments.
      Wash hands during breaks and at the end of the work.
    • Breathing equipment: Use breathing protection with high concentrations.
    • Protection of hands: Impervious gloves
    • Eye protection: Safety glasses
    • Body protection: Protective work clothing.
  • 9 Physical and chemical properties:

    • General Information

    • Form: Lump
    • Colour: Light green
    • Smell: Odourless
    •   Value/Range  Unit    Method      
    • Change in condition
    • Melting point/Melting range:                  2425 ° C
    • Boiling point/Boiling range:       Not determined
    • Sublimation temperature / start:   Not determined

    • Flash point:                       Not applicable

    • Inflammability (solid, gaseous)    Product is not inflammable.

    • Ignition temperature:              Not determined

    • Decomposition temperature:         Not determined

    • Danger of explosion:               Product is not explosive.

    • Critical values for explosion:
    • Lower:                             Not determined
    • Upper:                             Not determined

    • Steam pressure:                    Not determined

    • Density                            Not determined

    • Solubility in / Miscibility with
    • Water:                             Insoluble
  • 10 Stability and reactivity

    • Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
      No decomposition if used and stored according to specifications.
    • Materials to be avoided: Acids
    • Dangerous reactions: No dangerous reactions known
    • Dangerous products of decomposition:
      No dangerous decomposition products known
  • 11 Toxicological information

    • Acute toxicity:
    • Primary irritant effect:
    • on the skin: Powder: irritant effect
    • on the eye: Powder: irritant effect
    • Sensitization: No sensitizing effect known.
    • Additional toxicological information:
      To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.
      No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.
  • 12 Ecological information:

    • General notes:
      Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
      Generally not hazardous for water.
  • 13 Disposal considerations


    • Product:
    • Recommendation
      Consult state, local or national regulations for proper disposal.
      Hand over to disposers of hazardous waste.
      Must be specially treated under adherence to official regulations.

    • Uncleaned packagings:
    • Recommendation:
      Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
  • 14 Transport information


    • Land transport ADR/RID and GGVS/GGVE (cross-border/domestic)
    • ADR/RID-GGVS/E Class:         None

    • Maritime transport IMDG/GGVSea:
    • IMDG/GGVSea Class:        None

    • Air transport ICAO-TI and IATA-DGR:
    • ICAO/IATA Class:          None

    • Transport/Additional information:
      Not dangerous according to the above specifications.
  • 15 Regulatory information


    • Designation according to EC guidelines:
      Observe the normal safety regulations when handling chemicals
      The product is not subject to identification regulations under EC Directives and the Ordinance on Hazardous Materials (GefStoffV).

    • National regulations

    • Information about limitation of use:
      For use only by technically qualified individuals.

    • Water hazard class: Generally not hazardous for water.
  • 16 Other information:

      Employers should use this information only as a supplement to other information gathered by them, and should make independent judgement of suitability of this information to ensure proper use and protect the health and safety of employees.  This information is furnished without warranty, and any use of the product not in conformance with this Material Safety Data Sheet, or in combination with any other product or process, is the responsibility of the user.

    •  

     

    Recent Research & Development for Thulium Oxide

    • Office-based and microlaryngeal applications of a fiber-based thulium laser.
      Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2006 Dec;115(12):891-6.

    • Cause of upper urinary-tract essential hematuria: Veno-caliceal fistula or contralateral coexistent upper-tract transitional-cell carcinoma? Case report.
      J Endourol. 2006 Nov;20(11):913-5.

    • 13C direct detected NMR increases the detectability of residual dipolar couplings.
      J Am Chem Soc. 2006 Nov 29;128(47):15042-3. No abstract available.

    • Effect of rare-earth component of the RE/Ni catalyst on the formation and nanostructure of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
      J Phys Chem B Condens Matter Mater Surf Interfaces Biophys. 2006 Aug 10;110(31):15284-90.

    • The electronic and vibrational structure of endohedral Tm3N@C80 (I) fullerene--proof of an encaged Tm3+.
      J Phys Chem A Mol Spectrosc Kinet Environ Gen Theory. 2005 Aug 18;109(32):7088-93.

    • Midinfrared laser source with high power and beam quality.
      Appl Opt. 2006 Jun 1;45(16):3839-45.

    • Electron- and positron-emitting radiolanthanides for therapy: aspects of dosimetry and production.
      J Nucl Med. 2006 May;47(5):807-14.

    • Assignment strategy for fast relaxing signals: complete aminoacid identification in thulium substituted calbindin D 9K.
      J Biomol NMR. 2006 Feb;34(2):63-73.

    • Synthesis of a new stable, neutral organothulium(II) complex by reduction of a thulium(III) precursor.
      Chem Commun (Camb). 2006 Jan 28;(4):426-8.

    • Localization of touch versus heat pain in the human hand: a dissociative effect of temporal parameters on discriminative capacity and decision strategy.
      Pain. 2006 Mar;121(1-2):6-13. Epub 2006 Feb 9.

     

     

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