Thulium Sulfate is a moderately water and acid soluble Thulium source for uses compatible with sulfates. Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar energy materials and fuel cells. Thulium Sulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Thulium emits blue upon excitation in flat panel screens and under X-ray bombardment emits both the 375 nm (ultra violet) and 465 (visible blue) wave lengths giving it useful applications in low radiation detection for detection badges and similar uses. We also produce Thulium Sulfate Solution.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Thulium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Thulium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f136s2. In its elemental form thulium's CAS number is 7440-30-4. The thulium atom has a radius of 172.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Thulium is not toxic. Thulium is representative of the other lanthanides (rare earths) similar in chemistry to Yttrium. Thulium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Thulium emits blue upon excitation. Flat panel screens depend critically on bright blue emitters. Also, under X-ray bombardment emissions are in both the 375 nm (ultra violet) and 465 (visible blue) wave lengths. This gives the material useful applications in low radiation detection for detection badges and similar uses. It is also used in other luminescence applications, such as halide discharge lamps. Thulium was first discovered by Theodore Cleve in 1879. Thulium is named after "Thule", which is the ancient name of Scandinavia. See Thulium research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Comparison of holmium:YAG and thulium fiber laser lithotripsy: ablation thresholds, ablation rates, and retropulsion effects.
Blackmon RL, Irby PB, Fried NM.
J Biomed Opt. 2011 Jul;16(7):071403.
PMID:
21806249
[PubMed - in process]
Poly[[triaqua-(µ(3)-4-oxidopyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ato)thulium(III)] monohydrate].
Gao ZQ, Lv DY, Gu JZ, Li HJ.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Apr 1;67(Pt 4):m409. Epub 2011 Mar 9.
PMID:
21753941
[PubMed]
Natural orifice (NOTES) transurethral sutureless radical prostatectomy with thulium laser support: first patient report.
Nagele U, Anastasiadis AG, Walcher U, Nicklas AP, Merseburger AS, Herrmann TR.
World J Urol. 2011 Jul 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21739124
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A highly selective fluorescent probe for pyrophosphate detection in aqueous solutions.
Ganjali MR, Hosseini M, Aboufazeli F, Faridbod F, Goldooz H, Badiei AR.
Luminescence. 2011 Jul 7. doi: 10.1002/bio.1316. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21735538
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Novel technique for mode selection in a multimode fiber laser.
Daniel JM, Chan JS, Kim JW, Sahu JK, Ibsen M, Clarkson WA.
Opt Express. 2011 Jun 20;19(13):12434-9. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.012434.
PMID:
21716482
[PubMed - in process]
13.1 W, high-beam-quality, narrow-linewidth continuous-wave fiber-based source at 970 nm.
Devi K, Kumar SC, Ebrahim-Zadeh M.
Opt Express. 2011 Jun 6;19(12):11631-7. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.011631.
PMID:
21716396
[PubMed - in process]
Plasmonic enhanced emissions from cubic NaYF(4):Yb: Er/Tm nanophosphors.
Sudheendra L, Ortalan V, Dey S, Browning ND, Kennedy IM.
Chem Mater. 2011 Jun 14;23(11):2987-2993.
PMID:
21709812
[PubMed]
Theoretical Treatment of Redox Processes Involving Lanthanide(II) Compounds: Reactivity of Organosamarium(II) and Organothulium(II) Complexes with CO(2) and Pyridine.
Labouille S, Nief F, Maron L.
J Phys Chem A. 2011 Jul 28;115(29):8295-8301. Epub 2011 Jul 6.
PMID:
21675778
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[170Tm]-Labeled ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid.
Chopra A.
Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2011.
2011 Apr 27 [updated 2011 May 26].
PMID:
21656985
[PubMed]
Determination of rare earth elements and other trace elements (Y, Mn, Co, Cr) in seawater using Tm addition and Mg(OH)2 co-precipitation.
Freslon N, Bayon G, Birot D, Bollinger C, Barrat JA.
Talanta. 2011 Jul 15;85(1):582-7. Epub 2011 May 5.
PMID:
21645745
[PubMed - in process]
Tm:YAG laser en bloc mucosectomy for accurate staging of primary bladder cancer: early experience.
Wolters M, Kramer MW, Becker JU, Christgen M, Nagele U, Imkamp F, Burchardt M, Merseburger AS, Kuczyk MA, Bach T, Gross AJ, Herrmann TR.
World J Urol. 2011 Aug;29(4):429-32. Epub 2011 May 8.
PMID:
21553277
[PubMed - in process]
Current evidence for transurethral laser therapy of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Kramer MW, Bach T, Wolters M, Imkamp F, Gross AJ, Kuczyk MA, Merseburger AS, Herrmann TR.
World J Urol. 2011 Aug;29(4):433-42. Epub 2011 May 5.
PMID:
21544662
[PubMed - in process]
Development of a thulium (Tm:YAP) laser system for brain tissue ablation.
Bilici T, Mutlu S, Kalaycioglu H, Kurt A, Sennaroglu A, Gulsoy M.
Lasers Med Sci. 2011 Sep;26(5):699-706. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
PMID:
21484452
[PubMed - in process]
Delayed presentation of a detached resectoscope beak and treatment with thulium laser.
Davis NF, McGuire BB, Flood HD.
Can Urol Assoc J. 2011 Apr;5(2):E17-8. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.10048.
PMID:
21470544
[PubMed]
High-pressure phase transitions in rare earth metal thulium to 195 GPa.
Montgomery JM, Samudrala GK, Tsoi GM, Vohra YK.
J Phys Condens Matter. 2011 Apr 20;23(15):155701. Epub 2011 Apr 1.
PMID:
21460429
[PubMed - in process]
Superbroadband near-infrared emission in Tm-Bi codoped sodium-germanium-gallate glasses.
Zhou B, Lin H, Chen B, Pun EY.
Opt Express. 2011 Mar 28;19(7):6514-23. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.006514.
PMID:
21451680
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Critical review of lasers in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Gravas S, Bachmann A, Reich O, Roehrborn CG, Gilling PJ, De La Rosette J.
BJU Int. 2011 Apr;107(7):1030-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09954.x. Review.
PMID:
21438974
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Determination of some heavy metals in food and environmental samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after coprecipitation.
Soylak M, Aydin A.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Jun;49(6):1242-8. Epub 2011 Mar 22.
PMID:
21419188
[PubMed - in process]
Efficient diode-pumped laser operation of Tm:Lu2O3 around 2?µm.
Koopmann P, Lamrini S, Scholle K, Fuhrberg P, Petermann K, Huber G.
Opt Lett. 2011 Mar 15;36(6):948-50. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.000948.
PMID:
21403738
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Comparison of high-dose rate prostate brachytherapy dose distributions with iridium-192, ytterbium-169, and thulium-170 sources.
Krishnamurthy D, Weinberg V, Cunha JA, Hsu IC, Pouliot J.
Brachytherapy. 2011 Mar 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21397569
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Information pertaining to particular dangers for man and environment
R 21/22 Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed.
4 First aid measures
After inhalation
Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm. Consult doctor if symptoms persist.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After skin contact
Instantly wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After eye contact
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult doctor.
After swallowing Seek immediate medical advice.
5 Fire fighting measures
Suitable extinguishing agents
CO2, extinguishing powder or water jet. Fight larger fires with water jet or alcohol-resistant foam.
Special hazards caused by the material, its products of combustion or flue gases:
Can be released in case of fire:
Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
Metal oxide
Protective equipment:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Wear full protective suit.
Measures for environmental protection:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Measures for cleaning/collecting:
Dispose of contaminated material as waste according to item 13.
Additional information:
See Section 7 for information on safe handling
See section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for information on disposal.
7 Handling and storage
Handling
Information for safe handling:
Keep containers tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
Ensure good ventilation/exhaustion at the workplace.
Information about protection against explosions and fires:
Keep ignition sources away - Do not smoke.
Storage
Requirements to be met by storerooms and containers:
No special requirements.
Information about storage in one common storage facility:
Store away from water.
Store away from oxidizing agents.
Further information about storage conditions:
This product is hygroscopic.
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
Protect from humidity and keep away from water.
8 Exposure controls and personal protection
Additional information about design of technical systems:
Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.
Components with critical values that require monitoring at the workplace:
Not required.
Additional information: No data
Personal protective equipment
General protective and hygienic measures
The usual precautionary measures should be adhered to in handling the chemicals.
Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and food.
Instantly remove any soiled and impregnated garments.
Wash hands during breaks and at the end of the work.
Avoid contact with the eyes and skin.
Breathing equipment: Use breathing protection with high concentrations.
Protection of hands: Impervious gloves
Eye protection:
Safety glasses
Face protection
Body protection: Protective work clothing.
9 Physical and chemical properties:
General Information
Form: Crystalline
Smell: Not determined
Value/Range Unit Method
Change in condition
Melting point/Melting range: Not determined
Boiling point/Boiling range: Not determined
Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined
Flash point: Not applicable
Ignition temperature: Not determined
Decomposition temperature: Not determined
Danger of explosion: Product is not explosive.
Critical values for explosion:
Lower: Not determined
Upper: Not determined
Steam pressure: Not determined
Density Not determined
Solubility in / Miscibility with
Water: Insoluble
Not miscible or difficult to mix
10 Stability and reactivity
Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
No decomposition if used and stored according to specifications.
Materials to be avoided:
Water/moisture
Oxidizing agents
Dangerous reactions: No dangerous reactions known
Dangerous products of decomposition:
Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
Metal oxide
11 Toxicological information
Acute toxicity:
Primary irritant effect:
on the skin: Irritant for skin and mucous membranes.
on the eye: Irritant effect.
Sensitization: No sensitizing effect known.
Additional toxicological information:
Danger by skin resorption.
To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.
No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.
12 Ecological information:
General notes:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Water hazard class 1 (Self-assessment): slightly hazardous for water.
Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities of it to reach ground water, water bodies or sewage system.
13 Disposal considerations
Product:
Recommendation
Consult state, local or national regulations for proper disposal.
Hand over to disposers of hazardous waste.
Must be specially treated under adherence to official regulations.
Uncleaned packagings:
Recommendation:
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
14 Transport information
Land transport ADR/RID and GGVS/GGVE (cross-border/domestic)
Code letter and hazard designation of product: Xn Harmful
Risk phrases: 21/22 Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed.
Safety phrases: 24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
National regulations
Information about limitation of use:
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
Employment restrictions concerning young persons must be observed.
Water hazard class:
Water hazard class 1 (Self-assessment): slightly hazardous for water.
16 Other information:
Employers should use this information only as a supplement to other information gathered by them, and should make independent judgement of suitability of this information to ensure proper use and protect the health and safety of employees. This information is furnished without warranty, and any use of the product not in conformance with this Material Safety Data Sheet, or in combination with any other product or process, is the responsibility of the user.
Thulium Sulfate is a moderately water and acid soluble Thulium source for uses compatible with sulfates. Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar energy materials and fuel cells. Thulium Sulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Thulium emits blue upon excitation in flat panel screens and under X-ray bombardment emits both the 375 nm (ultra violet) and 465 (visible blue) wave lengths giving it useful applications in low radiation detection for detection badges and similar uses. We also produce Thulium Sulfate Solution.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. 
Thulium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Thulium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f136s2. In its elemental form thulium's CAS number is 7440-30-4. The thulium atom has a radius of 172.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Thulium is not toxic. Thulium is representative of the other lanthanides (rare earths) similar in chemistry to Yttrium. Thulium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Thulium 
emits blue
upon excitation. Flat panel screens depend critically on bright blue emitters. Also, under X-ray bombardment emissions are in both the 375 nm (ultra violet) and 465 (visible blue) wave lengths. This gives the material useful applications in low radiation detection for detection badges and similar uses. It is also used in other luminescence applications, such as halide discharge lamps. Thulium was first discovered by Theodore Cleve in 1879. Thulium is named after "Thule", which is the ancient name of Scandinavia. See Thulium research below.
