American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Vanadium Cobalt Sputtering Targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes such as nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and in the form of solutions and organometallics. We also produce Vanadium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Vanadium is a Block D, Group 5, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Vanadium's shells is 2, 8, 11, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d3 4s2. In its elemental form vanadium's CAS number is 7440-62-2. The vanadium atom has a radius of 131.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Several vanadium compounds are toxic to some creatures despite the fact that it is an essential trace element. Vanadium is highly resistant to corrosion, so it is commonly used to alloy stainless steel grades. Vanadium compounds are used in advanced ceramics. Vanadium is a petrochemical cracking catalyst. Vanadium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Vanadium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties , research , applications and other useful facts are discussed here . Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy , abundance on Earth , conductivity and thermal properties are included. Vanadium was first discovered in Mexico City by Andres Manuel del Rio, a Spanish born and European educated Mexican mineralogist, in 1801. In honor of its beautiful multi-colored compounds, Vanadium was named after the word "Vanadis" meaning goddess of beauty in Scandinavian mythology. See Vanadium research below.
Cobalt is a Block D, Group 9, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Cobalt's shells is 2, 8, 15, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d7 4s2. In its elemental form cobalt's CAS number is 7440-48-4. The cobalt atom has a radius of 125.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Cobalt and its compounds are somewhat toxic by skin contact and moderately toxic by inhalation. Cobalt has a metallic permeability two thirds that of iron. It exists as a mixture of two allotropes over a wide temperature range. The transformation is slow and accounts in part for the wide variation in the physical properties of cobalt. It is alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual magnetic strength with many important uses. Samarium-cobalt is one of the highest strength magnet alloys known. Cobalt compounds produce a brilliant and permanent blue color in ceramic glazes, glass, pottery, tiles, and enamels. Co-60 is useful as a gamma ray source. Toxicity of cobalt and its compounds are mild by skin contact and moderate by ingestion. Cobalt is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Cobalt was first discovered by George Brandt in 1737. The origin of the word Cobalt comes from the German word 'Kobalt or Kobold' which translates as "goblin", "elf" or "evil spirit". See Cobalt research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
[N'-(5-Bromo-2-oxidobenzyl-idene-?O)-2-chloro-benzohydrazidato-?N',O](methanol-?O)(methano-lato-?O)oxido-vanadium(V).
Wang FM.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Apr 1;67(Pt 4):m433-4. Epub 2011 Mar 12.
PMID:
21753958
[PubMed]
Vanadium-Based Pro-Catalysts Bearing Depleted 1,3-Calix[4]arenes for Ethylene or ?-Caprolactone Polymerization.
Clowes L, Redshaw C, Hughes DL.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Jul 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21749049
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Identification of a Novel Vanadium-binding Protein by EST Analysis on the Most Vanadium-rich Ascidian, Ascidia gemmata.
Samino S, Michibata H, Ueki T.
Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2011 Jul 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21748343
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Changes in mineralogical and leaching properties of converter steel slag resulting from accelerated carbonation at low CO(2) pressure.
van Zomeren A, van der Laan SR, Kobesen HB, Huijgen WJ, Comans RN.
Waste Manag. 2011 Jul 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21741816
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mesoporous Coaxial Titanium Nitride-Vanadium Nitride Fibers of Core-shell Structures for High-Performance Supercapacitors.
Zhou X, Shang C, Gu L, Dong S, Chen X, Han P, Li L, Yao J, Liu Z, Xu H, Zhu Y, Cui G.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Jul 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21728351
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A new salicylic acid-derivatized kojic acid vanadyl complex: Synthesis, characterization and anti-diabetic therapeutic potential.
Wei Y, Zhang C, Zhao P, Yang X, Wang K.
J Inorg Biochem. 2011 Aug;105(8):1081-5. Epub 2011 May 27.
PMID:
21726771
[PubMed - in process]
Vanadium pentoxide induces activation and death of endothelial cells.
Montiel-Dávalos A, Gonzalez-Villava A, Rodriguez-Lara V, Montaño LF, Fortoul TI, López-Marure R.
J Appl Toxicol. 2011 Jul 1. doi: 10.1002/jat.1695. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21721017
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Adverse health effects in Canada geese (branta canadensis) associated with waste from zinc and lead mines in the tri-state mining district (kansas, oklahoma, and missouri, USA).
van der Merwe D, Carpenter JW, Nietfeld JC, Miesner JF.
J Wildl Dis. 2011 Jul;47(3):650-60.
PMID:
21719830
[PubMed - in process]
Structural Models of the [Fe(4)S(4)] Clusters of Homologous Nitrogenase Fe Proteins.
Blank MA, Lee CC, Hu Y, Hodgson KO, Hedman B, Ribbe MW.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Jun 30. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21718019
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Vanadium inhalation in a mouse model for the understanding of air-suspended particle systemic repercussion.
Fortoul TI, Rodriguez-Lara V, Gonzalez-Villalva A, Rojas-Lemus M, Cano-Gutierrez G, Ustarroz-Cano M, Colin-Barenque L, Montaño LF, García-Pelez I, Bizarro-Nevares P, Lopez-Valdez N, Falcon-Rodriguez CI, Jimenez-Martínez RS, Ruiz-Guerrero ML, López-Zepeda LS, Morales-Rivero A, Muñiz-Rivera-Cambas A.
J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:951043. Epub 2011 May 22.
PMID:
21716674
[PubMed - in process]
Contemporaneous Dual Catalysis: Chemoselective Coupling of Catalytic Vanadium-allenoate and ?-Allylpalladium Intermediates.
Trost BM, Luan X, Miller Y.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Jun 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21714524
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[Spectralsignatures of nickel and vanadium supported photocatalysts and their photocatalytic properties].
Hai F, Zhang QC, Wang ZW, Jian L.
Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2011 Apr;31(4):1106-9. Chinese.
PMID:
21714270
[PubMed - in process]
FTIR Matrix-Isolation Study of the Reaction Products of Vanadium Atoms with Propene: Observation of Allylvanadium Hydride As a Precursor to Sacrificial Hydrogenation of Propene.
Thompson MG, Walker SW, Parnis JM.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Jun 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21710999
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Heavy metal in hair samples of 109 non-industrial (miners) population in Katanga.
Elenge MM, Aubry JC, Jacob L, De Brouwer C.
Sante. 2011 Jan-Mar;21(1):41-6.
PMID:
21700541
[PubMed - in process]
Pyrovanadolysis: a pyrophosphorolysis-like reaction mediated by pyrovanadate, MN2+, and DNA polymerase of bacteriophage T7.
Akabayov B, Kulczyk AW, Akabayov SR, Theile C, McLaughlin LW, Beauchamp B, Richardson CC.
J Biol Chem. 2011 Jun 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21697085
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Interactions of the carrier ligands of antidiabetic metal complexes with human serum albumin: A combined spectroscopic and separation approach with molecular modeling studies.
Enyedy EA, Horváth L, Hetényi A, Tuccinardi T, Hartinger CG, Keppler BK, Kiss T.
Bioorg Med Chem. 2011 Jul 15;19(14):4202-10. Epub 2011 Jun 21.
PMID:
21696966
[PubMed - in process]
Synthesis and structure of A(4)V(6)[Te(2)(4+)Te(6+)]O(24) (A = K, Rb)-two new quaternary mixed-valent tellurium oxides.
Zhu T, Qin J, Halasyamani PS.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Jun 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21695319
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Spectroscopic and structural characterization of pascoite.
Reddy GU, Reddy RR, Reddy SL, Frost RL, Endo T.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2011 Sep;79(5):1402-5. Epub 2011 Jun 1.
PMID:
21689974
[PubMed - in process]
n-Type Transition Metal Oxide as a Hole Extraction Layer in PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells.
Gao J, Perkins CL, Luther JM, Hanna MC, Chen HY, Semonin OE, Nozik AJ, Ellingson RJ, Beard MC.
Nano Lett. 2011 Jun 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21688813
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
From Platonic Templates to Archimedean Solids: Successive Construction of Nanoscopic {V(16)As(8)}, {V(16)As(10)}, {V(20)As(8)}, and {V(24)As(8)} Polyoxovanadate Cages.
Zhang L, Schmitt W.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Jun 30. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21682305
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tetra-kis(3-cyano-pyridine-?N)bis-(thio-cyanato-?N)cobalt(II) 1,4-dioxane disolvate.
Diehr S, Wöhlert S, Boeckmann J, Näther C.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1898. Epub 2011 Nov 30.
PMID:
22199656
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bis(2,4-dioxo-5,5-diphenyl-imidazol-idin-ido-?N)bis-(propane-1,3-diamine-?N,N')cobalt(II).
Hu X, Jiang Q, Wang D, Liu H.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1885. Epub 2011 Nov 30.
PMID:
22199646
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Poly[aqua-{?(3)-5-[(pyridin-2-ylmeth-yl)amino]-isophthalato-?N,N':O,O:O}cobalt(II)].
Zhu XH, Cheng XC.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1862. Epub 2011 Nov 30.
PMID:
22199630
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
catena-Poly[[[cis-aqua-dibromido-cobalt(II)]-?-(pyrazine-2-carb-oxy-lic acid)-?N,O:N] monohydrate].
Dares C, Fournier R, Lever AB.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1798-m1799. Epub 2011 Nov 23.
PMID:
22199583
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Poly[di-?(2)-aqua-?(5)-(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ato)-?(3)-(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ato)-cobalt(II)disodium].
Boyko AN, Golenya IA, Izotova YA, Haukka M, Prisyazhnaya EV.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1782-m1783. Epub 2011 Nov 19.
PMID:
22199572
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Diaqua-bis-(pyridine-2-sulfonato-?N,O)cobalt(II).
Li ZS, Ng SW.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1781. Epub 2011 Nov 19.
PMID:
22199571
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bis[tris-(ethyl-enediamine-?N,N')cobalt(III)] octa-kis-?-(3)-oxido-hexa-deca-?(2)-oxido-tetra-deca-oxido-?(12)-tetra-oxo-silicato-octa-molybdenum(VI)hexa-vanadium(IV,V) hexa-hydrate.
Lu YK, Tian MM, Xu SG, Lü RQ, Liu YQ.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1776-m1777. Epub 2011 Nov 19.
PMID:
22199568
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tetra-aqua-bis-(2-{[5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfan-yl}acetato)-cobalt(II) monohydrate.
Yang GR, Li GT.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1746-m1747. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
PMID:
22199545
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tetra-aqua-bis-[3-(pyridin-4-yl)benzoato-?N]cobalt(II).
Wang HR, Li GT.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1743. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
PMID:
22199542
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Poly[[tetra-aqua-(?(4)-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxyl-ato)(?(3)-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxyl-ato)-?(3)-sulfato-?(2)-sulfato-cobalt(II)digadolinium(III)] monohydrate].
Zhu LC.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1741-m1742. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
PMID:
22199541
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Hexaaqua-cobalt(II) bis-(5-acetyl-2-hy-droxy-benzoate) dihydrate.
Han LJ, Yang SP, Fu LL, Gao HL.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1733. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
PMID:
22199535
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dichlorido[(4E,11E)-5,7,12,14-tetra-benzyl-7,14-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-deca-4,11-diene]cobalt(III) perchlorate.
Roy TG, Hazari SK, Barua KK, Ng SW, Tiekink ER.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1722-m1723. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
PMID:
22199529
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
{1,2-Bis[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-?N)meth-yl]benzene}-dichloridozinc(II).
Guzei IA, Spencer LC, Budhai A, Darkwa J.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1715-m1716. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
PMID:
22199525
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
catena-Poly[[bis-(2,4-dichloro-benzoato)bis-(methanol-?O)cobalt(II)]-?-4,4'-bipyridine-?N:N'].
Hyun MY, Kim PG, Kim C, Kim Y.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1705. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
PMID:
22199519
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bis(pentane-2,4-dionato-?O,O')(1,10-phenanthroline-?N,N')cobalt(II).
Perdih F.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1697. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199513
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Diaqua-bis-(dihydrogen 3-aza-niumyl-1-hy-droxy-propyl-idene-1,1-di-phos-phon-ato-?O,O')cobalt(II).
Tsaryk NV, Dudko AV, Kozachkova AN, Pekhnyo VI.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1694. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199511
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tetra-aqua-bis-{3-carb-oxy-5-[(4-carb-oxy-phen-yl)diazen-yl]benzoato-?O}cobalt(II) dihydrate.
Bai L, Zhao J.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1689. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199506
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tetra-aqua-bis-(2-methyl-1H-imidazole-?N)cobalt(II) naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate.
Jin Y.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1686. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199503
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Diaqua-bis-(dimethyl sulfoxide-?O)bis(saccharinato-?N)cobalt(II).
Potwana FS, Van Zyl WE.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1667-m1668. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199492
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Pulmonary toxicity after exposure to military-relevant heavy metal tungsten alloy particles.
Roedel EQ, Cafasso DE, Lee KW, Pierce LM.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22198552
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Proud sponsors of Aeromat 2012. Please join us and our customers & co-sponsors Boeing and ATI on
June 18-20, 2012
in Charlotte, North Carolina
and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes such as nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and in the form of solutions and organometallics. We also produce Vanadium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request. 
Vanadium is a Block D, Group 5, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Vanadium's shells is 2, 8, 11, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d3 4s2. In its elemental form vanadium's CAS number is 7440-62-2. The vanadium atom has a radius of 131.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Several vanadium compounds are toxic to some creatures despite the fact that it is an essential trace element. Vanadium is highly resistant to corrosion, so it is commonly used to alloy stainless steel grades. Vanadium compounds are used in advanced ceramics. Vanadium is a petrochemical cracking catalyst. Vanadium is 
available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Vanadium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties , research , applications and
other useful facts are discussed here . Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy , abundance on Earth , conductivity and thermal properties are included. Vanadium was first discovered in Mexico City by Andres Manuel del Rio, a Spanish born and European educated Mexican mineralogist, in 1801. In honor of its beautiful multi-colored compounds, Vanadium was named after the word "Vanadis" meaning goddess of beauty in Scandinavian mythology. See Vanadium research below. 
Cobalt is a Block D, Group 9, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Cobalt's shells is 2, 8, 15, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d7 4s2. In its elemental form cobalt's CAS number is 7440-48-4. The cobalt atom has a radius of 125.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Cobalt and its compounds are somewhat toxic by skin contact and moderately toxic by inhalation. Cobalt has a metallic permeability two thirds that of iron. It exists as a mixture of two allotropes over a wide temperature range. The transformation is slow and accounts in part for the wide variation in the physical properties of cobalt. It is alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual magnetic strength with many 
important 
uses. Samarium-cobalt is one of the highest strength magnet alloys known. Cobalt compounds produce a brilliant and permanent blue color in ceramic glazes, glass, pottery, tiles, and enamels. Co-60 is useful as a gamma ray source. Toxicity of cobalt and its compounds are mild by skin contact and moderate by ingestion. Cobalt is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Cobalt was first discovered by George Brandt in 1737. The origin of the word Cobalt comes from the German word 'Kobalt or Kobold' which translates as "goblin", "elf" or "evil spirit". See Cobalt research below.
