American Elements specializes in producing high purity unifrom shaped Yttrium Aluminum Oxide Tablets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Metallic-Organic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Our standard Tablet sizes average in the range of 3 mm, 4 -5 mm, 10 - 50 mm, 1/8" and 1/4". We can also provide Tablets outside this range. We also produce Yttrium Aluminum Oxide as pellets, pieces, powder, and sputtering target. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems. Other shapes are available by request.
Yttrium is a Block D, Group 3, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Yttrium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d1 5s2. In its elemental form Yttrium's CAS number is 7440-65-5. The yttrium atom has a radius of 177.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Insoluble compounds of Yttrium are non-toxic, although water soluble compounds are somewhat toxic. Yttrium has the highest thermo-dynamic affinity for oxygen of any element. This characteristic is the basis for many of its applications. While not part of the rare earth series, it resembles the heavy rare earths which are sometimes referred to as the “yttrics” for this reason. Another unique characteristic derives from its ability to form crystals with useful properties. Yttrium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds assubmicron and nanopowder. Some of the many applications of yttrium include in ceramics for crucibles for molten reactive metals, in florescent lighting phosphors, computer displays and automotive fuel consumption sensors.Yttria stabilized zirconium oxide are used in high temperature applications, such as in thermal plasma sprays to protect aerospace high temperature surfaces and as an electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. The name Yttrium originated from a Swedish village near Vaxholm called Yttbery where Yttrium was discovered. Crystals of the yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) variety are essential to microwave communication equipment. The phosphor Eu:Y2O2S creates the red color in televisions. Crystals of the yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) variety are utilized with neodymium in a number of laser applications. Yttria can also increase the strength of metallic alloys. Yttrium was first discovered by Johann Gadolin in 1794. See Yttrium research below.
Aluminum is a Block P, Group 13, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Aluminum's shells is 2, 8, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p1. In its elemental form aluminum's CAS number is 7429-90-5. The aluminum atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Aluminum is not known to be harmful but ingestion may cause Alzheimer's disease.Aluminum is a silvery-white metal that possesses many desirable characteristics. It is light, nonmagnetic and nonsparking.
It stands second among metals in the scale of malleability, and sixth in ductility. It is extensively used in many industrial applications where a strong, light, easily constructed material is needed. Although it's electrical conductivity is only about 60% that of copper, it is used in electrical transmission lines because of its light weight. Pure aluminum is soft and lacks strength, but alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties. These alloys are of vital importance in the construction of modern aircraft and rockets. Aluminum, evaporated in a vacuum, forms a highly reflective coating for both visible light and radiant heat. They are used to coat telescope mirrors. Aluminum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. See Aluminum research below.
Formula
CAS No.
Appearance
Molecular Weight
Density
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Solubility
Stability
Y3Al5O12
12005-21-9
White
225.81
5030 kg/m³
2690°C
4300°C
Insoluble in water, moderately soluble in strong mineral acids
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Low-Fluence Q-Switched 1,064-nm Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for the Treatment of Facial Partial Unilateral Lentiginosis in Koreans.
Lee Y, Choi EH, Lee SW.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Sep 7. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02147.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093176
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Successful Treatment of Cosmetic Mucosal Tattoos Via Q-Switched Laser.
Kirby W, Chen C, Desai A, Desai T.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Aug 23. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02135.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093036
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Letter: successful treatment of multiple miliary osteomas of the face using an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser.
Ortiz AE, Ross EV.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Oct;37(10):1548-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02112.x.
PMID:
22092945
[PubMed - in process]
Commentary on Treatment of Acne Scars in Asian Patients using a 2,790-nm Fractional Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet Laser.
Perez M.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Oct;37(10):1470-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02116.x. No abstract available.
PMID:
22092942
[PubMed - in process]
Fractional Thermoablation Using an Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Fractionated Laser for the Treatment of Pulsed Dye Laser-Resistant Port Wine Stain Birthmarks.
Toren KL, Marquart JD.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Sep 14. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02160.x. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22092921
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The effect of erbium-doped: yttrium, aluminium and garnet laser irradiation on the surface microstructure and roughness of double acid-etched implants.
Kim JH, Herr Y, Chung JH, Shin SI, Kwon YH.
J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2011 Oct;41(5):234-41. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
PMID:
22087414
[PubMed - in process]
120-W 2-?m THULIUM:YTTRIUM-ALUMINIUM-GARNET VAPOENUCLEATION OF THE PROSTATE: 12-MONTH FOLLOW-UP.
Muir G.
BJU Int. 2011 Nov 15. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10816.x. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22085314
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
120-W 2-µm thulium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet vapoenucleation of the prostate: 12-month follow-up.
Netsch C, Pohlmann L, Herrmann TR, Gross AJ, Bach T.
BJU Int. 2011 Nov 15. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10767.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22085294
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
An Unusual Organoyttrium Alkyl Complex Containing a [C(5) HMe(3) (?(3) -CH(2) )-C(5) H(4) N-?](-) Ligand and an Elusive Cyclopentadienide-Based Scandium Tuck-Over Zwitterion Obtained by C?H Bond Activation.
Jian Z, Cui D.
Chemistry. 2011 Nov 14. doi: 10.1002/chem.201102378. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22083978
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Radioembolization versus Standard Care of Hepatic Metastases: Comparative Retrospective Cohort Study of Survival Outcomes and Adverse Events in Salvage Patients.
Bester L, Meteling B, Pocock N, Pavlakis N, Chua TC, Saxena A, Morris DL.
J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011 Nov 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22079516
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Quantitative evaluation of scintillation camera imaging characteristics of isotopes used in liver radioembolization.
Elschot M, Nijsen JF, Dam AJ, de Jong HW.
PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e26174. Epub 2011 Nov 3.
PMID:
22073149
[PubMed - in process]
Lasers or light sources for treating port-wine stains.
Faurschou A, Olesen AB, Leonardi-Bee J, Haedersdal M.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Nov 9;11:CD007152.
PMID:
22071834
[PubMed - in process]
Treating and Downstaging Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Caudate Lobe with Yttrium-90 Radioembolization.
Ibrahim SM, Kulik L, Baker T, Ryu RK, Mulcahy MF, Abecassis M, Salem R, Lewandowski RJ.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22069121
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
catena-Poly[[tetra-kis-(hexa-methyl-phospho-ramide-?O)bis-(nitrato-?O,O')yttrium(III)] [silver(I)-di-?-sulfido-molybdenum(VI)-di-?-sulfido]].
Zhang J.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):m1206-7. Epub 2011 Aug 6.
PMID:
22065643
[PubMed]
Yttrium-90 Time-of-Flight PET/CT Is Superior to Bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT for Postradioembolization Imaging of Microsphere Biodistribution.
Kao YH, Tan EH, Ng CE, Goh SW.
Clin Nucl Med. 2011 Dec;36(12):e186-7.
PMID:
22064104
[PubMed - in process]
End-functionalized Polymerization of 2-Vinylpyridine through Initial C-H Bond Activation of N-Heteroaromatics and Internal Alkynes by Yttrium Ene-diamido Complexes.
Kaneko H, Nagae H, Tsurugi H, Mashima K.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22059504
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Catalytic, Enantioselective Intramolecular Hydroamination of Primary Amines Tethered to Di- and Tri-substituted Alkenes.
Chapurina Y, Ibrahim H, Guillot R, Kolodziej E, Collin J, Trifonov A, Schulz E, Hannedouche J.
J Org Chem. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22059438
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Size effect of endohedral cluster on fullerene cage: Preparation and structural studies of Y(3)N@C(78)-C(2).
Ma Y, Wang T, Wu J, Feng Y, Xu W, Jiang L, Zheng J, Shu C, Wang C.
Nanoscale. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22057827
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
MDCT Necrosis Quantification in the Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Response to Yttrium 90 Radioembolization Therapy: Comparison of Two-dimensional and Volumetric Techniques.
Galizia MS, Töre HG, Chalian H, McCarthy R, Salem R, Yaghmai V.
Acad Radiol. 2011 Nov 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22054801
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Q-switched laser treatment of amiodarone pigmentation.
Bernstein EF.
J Drugs Dermatol. 2011 Nov 1;10(11):1316-9.
PMID:
22052315
[PubMed - in process]
In vitro studies of the ablation mechanism of periodontopathic bacteria and decontamination effect on periodontally diseased root surfaces by erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. Akiyama F, Aoki A, Miura-Uchiyama M, Sasaki KM, Ichinose S, Umeda M, Ishikawa I, Izumi Y. Lasers Med Sci. 2010 Mar 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20309597 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related articles
Unusual reactivity in organoaluminium and NHC chemistry: deprotonation of AlMe(3) by an NHC moiety involving the formation of a sterically bulky NHC-AlMe(3) Lewis adduct. Schmitt AL, Schnee G, Welter R, Dagorne S. Chem Commun (Camb). 2010 Apr 14;46(14):2480-2. Epub 2010 Mar 5. PMID: 20309474 [PubMed - in process] Related articles
Next-generation biomedical implants using additive manufacturing of complex, cellular and functional mesh arrays. Murr LE, Gaytan SM, Medina F, Lopez H, Martinez E, Machado BI, Hernandez DH, Martinez L, Lopez MI, Wicker RB, Bracke J. Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2010 Apr 28;368(1917):1999-2032. PMID: 20308113 [PubMed - in process] Related articles
Ink-jet printout of radiographs on transparent film and glossy paper versus monitor display: an ROC analysis. Kühl S, Krummenauer F, Dagassan-Berndt D, Lambrecht TJ, d'Hoedt B, Schulze RK. Clin Oral Investig. 2010 Mar 20. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20306098 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related articles
The bioceramic implant: evaluation of implant exposures in 419 implants. Jordan DR, Klapper SR, Gilberg SM, Dutton JJ, Wong A, Mawn L. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010 Mar-Apr;26(2):80-2. PMID: 20305504 [PubMed - in process] Related articles
Inorganic structures in space group P31m; coordinate analysis and systematic prediction of new ferroelectrics. Abrahams SC. Acta Crystallogr B. 2010 Apr;66(Pt 2):173-83. Epub 2010 Mar 16. PMID: 20305351 [PubMed - in process] Related articles
Mullite-type Ga(4)B(2)O(9): structure and order-disorder phenomenon. Cong R, Yang T, Li K, Li H, You L, Liao F, Wang Y, Lin J. Acta Crystallogr B. 2010 Apr;66(Pt 2):141-50. Epub 2010 Feb 26. PMID: 20305347 [PubMed - in process] Related articles
Effect of 5-aminosalicylate on allergic rhinitis model in mice. Kuyama S, Yamamoto A, Sugiyama M, Kakuta H, Sugimoto Y. Int Immunopharmacol. 2010 Mar 18. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20304104 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related articles
Experimental design approach applied to the elimination of crystal violet in water by electrocoagulation with Fe or Al electrodes. Durango-Usuga P, Guzmán-Duque F, Mosteo R, Vazquez MV, Peñuela G, Torres-Palma RA. J Hazard Mater. 2010 Mar 1. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20303653 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related articles
Study of organic matter during coagulation and electrocoagulation processes: Application to a stabilized landfill leachate. Labanowski J, Pallier V, Feuillade-Cathalifaud G. J Hazard Mater. 2010 Mar 1. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20303652 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related articles
Abiotic hydrogen production in fresh and altered MSWI-residues: Texture and microstructure investigation. Heuss-Aßbichler S, Magel G, Fehr KT. Waste Manag. 2010 Mar 17. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20303250 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related articles
Computational Study on Nitronium and Nitrosonium Oxalate: Potential Oxidizers for Solid Rocket Propulsion? (dagger). Go¨kc¸inar E, Klapo¨tke TM, Kramer MP. J Phys Chem A. 2010 Mar 19. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20302312 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related articles
.[Optical and spectral parameters in Ce3+ -doped gadolinium gallium aluminum garnet glass-ceramics] Gong H, Zhao X, Yu XB, Setsuhisa T, Lin H. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2010 Jan;30(1):128-32. Chinese. PMID: 20302098 [PubMed - in process] Related articles
Combination of ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction with stopped-flow spectrofluorometry for the pre-concentration and determination of aluminum in natural waters, fruit juice and food samples. Abdolmohammad-Zadeh H, Sadeghi GH. Talanta. 2010 May 15;81(3):778-785. Epub 2010 Jan 18. PMID: 20298853 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related articles
The development and preliminary evaluation of a new Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine comprising Ag85b, HspX and CFP-10:ESAT-6 fusion protein with CpG DNA and aluminum hydroxide adjuvants. Chen L, Xu M, Wang ZY, Chen BW, Du WX, Su C, Shen XB, Zhao AH, Dong N, Wang YJ, Wang GZ. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2010 Feb 17. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20298499 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related articles
Low-Fluence Q-Switched Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (1,064 nm) Laser for the Treatment of Facial Melasma in Asians. Wattanakrai P, Mornchan R, Eimpunth S. Dermatol Surg. 2010 Jan;36(1):76-87. PMID: 20298254 [PubMed - in process] Related articles
Physicochemical Characterization and Surface Acid Properties of Mesoporous [Al]-SBA-15 Obtained by Direct Synthesis. Gallo JM, Bisio C, Gatti G, Marchese L, Pastore HO. Langmuir. 2010 Mar 18. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20297832 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Related articles
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Combining density functional theory (DFT) and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis to solve the structure of metastable materials: the case of metakaolin. White CE, Provis JL, Proffen T, Riley DP, van Deventer JS. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Apr 7;12(13):3239-45. Epub 2010 Feb 22. PMID: 20237714 [PubMed - in process] Related articles
Transcriptomic analysis reveals differential gene expression in response to aluminium in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes. Eticha D, Zahn M, Bremer M, Yang Z, Rangel AF, Rao IM, Horst WJ. Ann Bot. 2010 Mar 17. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20237115 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
American Elements specializes in producing high purity unifrom shaped Yttrium Aluminum Oxide Tablets with the highest possible density 
and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Metallic-Organic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Our standard Tablet sizes average in the range of 3 mm, 4 -5 mm, 10 - 50 mm, 1/8" and 1/4". We can also provide Tablets outside this range. We also produce Yttrium Aluminum Oxide as pellets, pieces, powder, and sputtering target. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems. Other shapes are available by request.
Yttrium is a Block D, Group 3, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Yttrium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d1 5s2. In its elemental form Yttrium's CAS number is 7440-65-5. The yttrium atom has a radius of 177.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Insoluble compounds of Yttrium are non-toxic, although water soluble compounds are somewhat toxic. Yttrium has the highest thermo-dynamic affinity for oxygen of any element. This characteristic is the basis for many of its applications. While not part of the rare earth series, it resembles the heavy rare earths which are sometimes referred to as the “yttrics” for this reason. Another unique characteristic derives from its ability to form crystals with useful properties. 
Yttrium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as
submicron and nanopowder. Some of the many applications of yttrium include in ceramics for crucibles for molten reactive metals, in florescent lighting phosphors, computer displays and automotive fuel consumption sensors.Yttria stabilized zirconium oxide are used in high temperature applications, such as in thermal plasma sprays to protect aerospace high temperature surfaces and as an electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. The name Yttrium originated from a Swedish village near Vaxholm called Yttbery where Yttrium was discovered. Crystals of the yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) variety are essential to microwave communication equipment. The phosphor Eu:Y2O2S creates the red color in televisions. Crystals of the yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) variety are utilized with neodymium in a number of laser applications. Yttria can also increase the strength of metallic alloys. Yttrium was first discovered by Johann Gadolin in 1794. See Yttrium research below.
Aluminum is a Block P, Group 13, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Aluminum's shells is 2, 8, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p1. In its elemental form aluminum's CAS number is 7429-90-5. The aluminum atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Aluminum is not known to be harmful but ingestion may cause Alzheimer's disease.Aluminum is a silvery-white metal that possesses many desirable characteristics. It is light, nonmagnetic and nonsparking.
It stands second among metals in the scale of malleability, and sixth in ductility. It is extensively used in many
industrial applications where a strong, light, easily constructed material is needed. Although it's electrical conductivity is only about 60% that of copper, it is used in electrical transmission 
lines because of its light weight. Pure aluminum is soft and lacks strength, but alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties. These alloys are of vital importance in the construction of modern aircraft and rockets. Aluminum, evaporated in a vacuum, forms a highly reflective coating for both visible light and radiant heat. They are used to coat telescope mirrors. Aluminum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. See Aluminum research below.
