Ytterbium Bromide is a highly water soluble crystalline Ytterbium source for uses compatible with Bromides and lower (acidic) pH. Metallic Bromides are marketed under the trade name AE Bromides™. Hydrate or anhydrous forms may be purchased. Most metal bromide compounds are water soluble for uses in water treatment, chemical analysis and in ultra high purity for certain crystal growth applications. Bromide in an aqueous solution can be detected by adding Ytterbium disulfide (CS2) and chlorine. Ytterbium Bromide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Ytterbium has 2 valency state, +2 +3. The number of electrons in each of Ytterbium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f14 6s2. In its metallic form Ytterbium's CAS number is 7440-64-4 and its standard state at 20 ºC is a solid. The Ytterbium atom has a radius of 194 pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Ytterbium is considered to be fairly toxic. On the periodic table, Ytterbium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. Ytterbium isbeing applied to numerous fiber amplifier and fiber optic technologies and in various lasing applications. Ytterbium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It has a single dominant absorption band at 985 in the infra-red making it useful in silicon photocells to directly convert radiant energy to electricity. Ytterbium metal increases its electrical resistance when subjected to very high stresses. This property is used in stress gauges for monitoring ground deformations from earthquakes and nuclear explosions.The name Ytterbium originates after the name for the Swedish village of Ytterby. See Ytterbium research below.
Bis(?(2)-2-phen-oxy-propionato-?O:O')bis-[(1,10-phenanthroline-?N,N')bis-(2-phen-oxy-propionato-?O,O')ytterbium(III)].
Shen JB, Liu JL, Zhao GL.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):m1361. Epub 2011 Sep 14.
PMID:
22058692
[PubMed]
"Covalency in the 4f Shell of tris-cyclopentadienyl Ytterbium (YbCp3) - a Spectroscopic Evaluation."
Denning RG, Harmer JR, Green JC, Irwin M.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22053917
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Fingermark detection on non-porous and semi-porous surfaces using YVO(4):Er,Yb luminescent upconverting particles.
Ma R, Shimmon R, McDonagh A, Maynard P, Lennard C, Roux C.
Forensic Sci Int. 2011 Oct 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22047749
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Supramolecular Ytterbium(III)-Aqua Complex Featuring Infinite Stacks of C?C Bonds for Photocycloaddition Reactions.
Komori-Orisaku K, Yamashita S, Isozaki T, Sugiura K, Koide Y.
Chemistry. 2011 Oct 21. doi: 10.1002/chem.201102292. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22021148
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Label-free in vivo fiber-based optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy.
Hajireza P, Shi W, Zemp RJ.
Opt Lett. 2011 Oct 15;36(20):4107-9. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.004107.
PMID:
22002401
[PubMed - in process]
Energy transfer and enhanced 1.54 ?m emission in Erbium-Ytterbium disilicate thin films.
Miritello M, Cardile P, Lo Savio R, Priolo F.
Opt Express. 2011 Oct 10;19(21):20761-72. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.020761.
PMID:
21997086
[PubMed - in process]
Photo darkening of rare earth doped silica.
Mattsson KE.
Opt Express. 2011 Oct 10;19(21):19797-812. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.019797.
PMID:
21996988
[PubMed - in process]
Beam quality and noise properties of coherently combined ytterbium doped single frequency fiber amplifiers.
Tünnermann H, Pöld JH, Neumann J, Kracht D, Willke B, Wessels P.
Opt Express. 2011 Sep 26;19(20):19600-6. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.019600.
PMID:
21996901
[PubMed - in process]
p-Wave Cold Collisions in an Optical Lattice Clock.
Lemke ND, von Stecher J, Sherman JA, Rey AM, Oates CW, Ludlow AD.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Sep 2;107(10):103902. Epub 2011 Aug 30.
PMID:
21981504
[PubMed - in process]
Mode-locked 0.5 ?J fiber laser at 976 nm.
Lhermite J, Lecaplain C, Machinet G, Royon R, Hideur A, Cormier E.
Opt Lett. 2011 Oct 1;36(19):3819-21. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.003819.
PMID:
21964108
[PubMed - in process]
Acid-responsive microcapsules: the loading-unloading processes.
Samanta D, Sankar RM, Jaisankar SN, Alam MS, Mandal AB.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Oct 25;47(43):11975-7. Epub 2011 Sep 30.
PMID:
21963934
[PubMed - in process]
Electrochemical spectroscopic investigations on the interaction of an ytterbium complex with DNA and their analytical applications such as biosensor.
Ilkhani H, Ganjali MR, Arvand M, Hejazi MS, Azimi F, Norouzi P.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2011 Dec 1;49(5):1117-23. Epub 2011 Sep 16.
PMID:
21939686
[PubMed - in process]
A family of 13 tetranuclear zinc(ii)-lanthanide(iii) complexes of a [3 + 3] Schiff-base macrocycle derived from 1,4-diformyl-2,3-dihydroxybenzene.
Feltham HL, Klöwer F, Cameron SA, Larsen DS, Lan Y, Tropiano M, Faulkner S, Powell AK, Brooker S.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Oct 25;40(43):11425-32. Epub 2011 Sep 21.
PMID:
21935549
[PubMed - in process]
Generation of 578-nm yellow light over 10 mW by second harmonic generation of an 1156-nm external-cavity diode laser.
Lee WK, Park CY, Yu DH, Park SE, Lee SB, Kwon TY.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 29;19(18):17453-61. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.017453.
PMID:
21935111
[PubMed - in process]
In vivo near-realtime volumetric optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy using a high-repetition-rate nanosecond fiber-laser.
Shi W, Hajireza P, Shao P, Forbrich A, Zemp RJ.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 29;19(18):17143-50. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.017143.
PMID:
21935076
[PubMed - in process]
Self-referenceable frequency comb from a gigahertz diode-pumped solid-state laser.
Pekarek S, Südmeyer T, Lecomte S, Kundermann S, Dudley JM, Keller U.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 15;19(17):16491-7. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.016491.
PMID:
21935013
[PubMed - in process]
Thermal effects in kilowatt all-fiber MOPA.
Fan Y, He B, Zhou J, Zheng J, Liu H, Wei Y, Dong J, Lou Q.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 1;19(16):15162-72. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.015162.
PMID:
21934878
[PubMed - in process]
Background-free broadband CARS spectroscopy from a 1-MHz ytterbium laser.
Kumar V, Osellame R, Ramponi R, Cerullo G, Marangoni M.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 1;19(16):15143-8. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.015143.
PMID:
21934875
[PubMed - in process]
Fabrication and characterization of new Yb-doped zirconia-germano-alumino silicate phase-separated nano-particles based fibers.
Kir'yanov AV, Paul MC, Barmenkov YO, Das S, Pal M, Bhadra SK, Zarate LE, Guzman-Chavez AD.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 1;19(16):14823-37. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.014823.
PMID:
21934843
[PubMed - in process]
White emission of lithium ytterbium tetraphosphate nanocrystals.
Strek W, Marciniak L, Bednarkiewicz A, Lukowiak A, Wiglusz R, Hreniak D.
Opt Express. 2011 Jul 18;19(15):14083-92. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.014083.
PMID:
21934770
[PubMed - in process]
Synthesis of Enol Lactones via Cu(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular O-Vinylation of Carboxylic Acids.
Sun C, Fang Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Zhu S, Li C.
Org Lett. 2010 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19689116 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Formation of ArF from LPdAr(F): Catalytic Conversion of Aryl Triflates to Aryl Fluorides.
Watson DA, Su M, Teverovskiy G, Zhang Y, García-Fortanet J, Kinzel T, Buchwald SL.
Science. 2009 Aug 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19679769 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
(2-Pyridyl)acetone-Promoted Cu-Catalyzed O-Arylation of Phenols with Aryl Iodides, Bromides, and Chlorides.
Zhang Q, Wang D, Wang X, Ding K.
J Org Chem. 2009 Aug 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19673481 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ni-Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling of Nonactivated Alkyl Halides: Orthogonal Functionalization of Alkyl Iodides, Bromides, and Chlorides.
Vechorkin O, Barmaz D, Proust V, Hu X.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19670863 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Zn-mediated electrochemical allylation of aldehydes in aqueous ammonia.
Huang JM, Dong Y.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2009 Jul 14;(26):3943-5. Epub 2009 May 28.
PMID: 19662260 [PubMed - in process]
Practical Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Diaryl-, Aryl Heteroaryl-, and Diheteroarylmethanols.
Salvi L, Kim JG, Walsh PJ.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19653691 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Direct Palladium-Catalyzed Arylations of Aryl Bromides with 2/9-Substituted Pyrimido[5,4-b]indolizines.
Jiang M, Li T, Meng L, Yang C, Xie Y, Ding J.
J Comb Chem. 2009 Jul 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19645499 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Versatile chemoselectivity in Ni-catalyzed multiple bond carbonylations and cyclocarbonylations in CO(2)-expanded liquids.
del Moral D, Banet Osuna AM, Córdoba A, Moretó JM, Veciana J, Ricart S, Ventosa N.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2009 Aug 21;(31):4723-5. Epub 2009 Jun 29.
PMID: 19641822 [PubMed - in process]
Highly Selective Biaryl Cross-Coupling Reactions between Aryl Halides and Aryl Grignard Reagents: A New Catalyst Combination of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Fluorides.
Hatakeyama T, Hashimoto S, Ishizuka K, Nakamura M.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19639999 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Hexacationic Dendriphos Ligands in the Pd-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction: Scope and Mechanistic Studies.
Snelders DJ, van Koten G, Klein Gebbink RJ.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19639941 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Can One Predict Changes from S(N)1 to S(N)2 Mechanisms?
Phan TB, Nolte C, Kobayashi S, Ofial AR, Mayr H.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19634906 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A General Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Azoles with Vinyl Bromides.
Liao Q, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xi C.
J Org Chem. 2009 Jul 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19603753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Kinetics of Bromine-Magnesium Exchange Reactions in Heteroaryl Bromides.
Shi L, Chu Y, Knochel P, Mayr H.
Org Lett. 2009 Jul 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19601592 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
C5-Modified nucleosides exhibiting anticancer activity.
Lee YS, Park SM, Kim HM, Park SK, Lee K, Lee CW, Kim BH.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Aug 15;19(16):4688-91. Epub 2009 Jun 21.
PMID: 19596579 [PubMed - in process]
Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Ammonia with Aryl Chlorides, Bromides, Iodides, and Sulfonates: A General Method for the Preparation of Primary Arylamines.
Vo GD, Hartwig JF.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19591470 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
New One-Pot Synthesis of (E)-beta-Aryl Vinyl Halides from Styrenes.
Pawluc´ P, Hreczycho G, Szudkowska J, Kubicki M, Marciniec B.
Org Lett. 2009 Jul 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19572730 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Scope and Limitation of Nickel-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Bromides from Formamide Derivatives.
Jo Y, Ju J, Choe J, Song KH, Lee S.
J Org Chem. 2009 Jul 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19572571 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electroencephalographic and behavioral convulsant effects of hydrobromide and hydrochloride salts of bupropion in conscious rodents.
Henshall DC, Dürmüller N, White HS, Williams R, Moser P, Dunleavy M, Silverstone PH.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2009;5:189-206. Epub 2009 Apr 8.
PMID: 19557114 [PubMed - in process]
A facile route to C2-substituted imidazolium ionic liquids.
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Molecules. 2009 Jun 19;14(6):2235-45.
PMID: 19553895 [PubMed - in process]
Synthesis of 1,3-amino alcohol derivatives via a silicon-mediated ring-opening of substituted piperidines.
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Org Lett. 2009 Jul 2;11(13):2940-2.
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Ytterbium Bromide is a highly water soluble crystalline Ytterbium source for uses compatible with Bromides and lower (acidic) pH. Metallic Bromides are marketed under the trade name AE Bromides™. Hydrate or anhydrous forms may be purchased. Most metal bromide compounds are water soluble for uses in water treatment, chemical analysis and in ultra high purity for certain crystal growth applications. Bromide in an aqueous solution can be detected by adding Ytterbium disulfide (CS2) and chlorine. Ytterbium Bromide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Ytterbium has 2 valency state, +2 +3. The number of electrons in each of Ytterbium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f14 6s2. In its metallic form Ytterbium's CAS number is 7440-64-4 and its standard state at 20 ºC is a solid. The Ytterbium atom has a radius of 194 pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Ytterbium is considered to be fairly toxic. On the periodic table, Ytterbium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 
element. Ytterbium is
being applied to numerous fiber amplifier and fiber optic technologies and in various lasing applications. Ytterbium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It has a single dominant absorption band at 985 in the infra-red making it useful in silicon photocells to directly convert radiant energy to electricity. Ytterbium metal increases its electrical resistance when subjected to very high stresses. This property is used in stress gauges for monitoring ground deformations from earthquakes and nuclear explosions.The name Ytterbium originates after the name for the Swedish village of Ytterby. See Ytterbium research below.
