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Ytterbium doped Potassium-Gadolinium Tungstate Crystals
High Purity Yb:KGd(WO4)2

Product Product Code Order or Specifications
(5N) 99.999% Ytterbium doped Potassium-Gadolinium Tungstate Crystals KGDW-YB05-C Contact American Elements

Tungstate IonYtterbium doped Potassium-Gadolinium Tungstate Crystals is a crystalline solid used in photo optic applications.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.

Ytterbium(Yb) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolYtterbium has 2 valency state, +2 +3. The number of electrons in each of Ytterbium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f14 6s2. In its metallic form Ytterbium's CAS number is 7440-64-4 and its standard state at 20 ºC is a solid. The Ytterbium atom has a radius of 194 pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Ytterbium is considered to be fairly toxic. On the periodic table, Ytterbium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 Elemental Ytterbiumelement. Ytterbium isYtterbium Bohr Modelbeing applied to numerous fiber amplifier and fiber optic technologies and in various lasing applications. Ytterbium is found in monazite sand as well as the ores euxenite and xenotime and is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It has a single dominant absorption band at 985 in the infra-red making it useful in silicon photocells to directly convert radiant energy to electricity. Ytterbium metal increases its electrical resistance when subjected to very high stresses. This property is used in stress gauges for monitoring ground deformations from earthquakes and nuclear explosions.The name Ytterbium originates after the name for the Swedish village of Ytterby. See Ytterbium research below.

Potassium(K) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolPotassium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Potassium's shells is 2, 8, 8, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 4s1. In its elemental form potassium's CAS number is 7440-09-7. The potassium atom has a radius of 227.2 .pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 275.pm. Potassium is not toxic. Potassium is the seventh most abundant element on earth. In its metallic form it is one of the most reactive and Potassium Bohr Modelelectropositive of all metals and rapidly oxidizes. As with other metals of the alkali group, the metal Elemental Potassiumdecomposes in water with the evolution of hydrogen. It catches fire spontaneously in water. In high purity, potassium compounds have numerous pharmacological, medical, and electronics applications. Important compounds include the hydroxide, nitrate, carbonate, chloride, bromide, iodide, and sulfate. Lower purity compounds are used in pyrotechnics for its violet color on ignition and in glass and ceramic glazes to produce this color. Potassium also used as a nutrient in plant growth. Potassium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807. The origin of the element name comes from the English word 'potash' meaning pot ashes and the Arabic word 'qali' which means alkali. The symbol K originates from the Latin word 'kalium'. See Potassium research below.

Gadolinium(Gd) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolGadolinium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Gadolinium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2. In its elemental form gadolinium's CAS number is 7440-54-2. The gadolinium atom has a radius of 178.7.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Gadolinium is very toxic. Gadolinium is utilized for both its high magnetic moment (7.94µB) and in phosphors and Gadolinium Bohr Modelscintillator material. When complexed with EDTA ligands, it is used as an injectable contrast agent for patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. With its high magnetic moment, gadolinium can reduce relaxation times and thereby enhance signal intensity. The extra stable half-full 4f electron shell with no low lying energy levels creates applications as an inert phosphor host. Gadolinium can therefore act as hosts for x-ray cassettes and in scintillator materials for computer tomography. Gadolinium is available as metal and compounds Elemental Gadoliniumwith purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Gadolinium was first discovered by Jean de Marignac in 1880. The element is named after the Finnish chemist and geologist Johan Gadolin. See Gadolinium research below.

Tungsten(W) and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolTungsten is a Block D, Group 6, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Tungsten's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2. In its elemental form tungsten's CAS number is 7440-33-7. The tungsten atom has a radius of 137.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Tungsten is considered to be only mildly toxic. Tungsten has the highest melting point of all the metallic elements and because of this has its first significant commercial application as the filament in incandescent light bulbs and fluorescent light bulbs. Tungsten is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and Elemental Tungstencompounds as submicron and nanopowder. Later it was used in the first television tubes. The first imaging equipment involved X-ray bombardment of a Tungsten Bohr Modeltungsten target. Tungsten expands at nearly the same rate as borosilicate glass and is used to make metal to glass seals. It is the primary metal in heating elements for electric furnaces and in any components where high pressure/temperature environments are expected, such as aerospace and engine systems. Tungsten was first discovered by Fausto and Juan Jose de Elhuyar in 1783. In reference to its density, Tungsten gets its name from the swedish words tung and sten meaning heavy stone. See Tungsten research below.

American Elements semi conducting materials are crystal structures produced from ultra high purity starting materials synthesized by our high purity production facility which includes several large electric muffle furnaces, a tube furnace for hydrogen reduction, 50 gallon glass-lined Pfaudler reactors supported by our analytical laboratory containing X-ray diffraction, SEM, AA, BET surface area, and ICP Spectrometry for trace metals analysis. See a discussion of American Elements Ultra High Purity and Analytical capabilities. See Crystal Growth for processes used to fabricate semiconductor materials, which include:

  • Crystal "pulling" by the Czochaiski method for production of semiconductor materials
  • Flux growth and gradient freeze
  • Directional solidification of fluorites using both the Bridgman-Stockbarger and float zoning techniques

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PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES


Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.

 

 

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Recent Research & Development for Ytterbium

  • Controlled excitation of scar modes in passive and active multimode chaotic fiber. Michel C, Doya V, Tascu S, Blanc W, Legrand O, Mortessagne F. Appl Opt. 2009 Nov 1;48(31):G163-8. doi: 10.1364/AO.48.00G163. PMID: 19881639 [PubMed - in process]

  • High-power nanosecond ytterbium-doped fiber laser passively synchronized with a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. Yan M, Li W, Hao Q, Li Y, Yang K, Zhou H, Zeng H. Opt Lett. 2009 Nov 1;34(21):3331-3333. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.003331. PMID: 19881584 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Femtosecond and picosecond laser drilling of metals at high repetition rates and average powers. Ancona A, Döring S, Jauregui C, Röser F, Limpert J, Nolte S, Tünnermann A. Opt Lett. 2009 Nov 1;34(21):3304-3306. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.003304. PMID: 19881575 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Ytterbium(III) triflate catalyzed tandem Friedel-Crafts alkylation/hydroarylation of propargylic alcohols with phenols as an expedient route to indenols. Zhang X, Teo WT, Chan PW. Org Lett. 2009 Nov 5;11(21):4990-3. PMID: 19863152 [PubMed - in process]

  • Complexation of bisphosphonates with ytterbium(III): Application of phosphate and ATP detection assay based on Yb(3+)-pyrocatechol violet. Gaidamauskas E, Parker H, Kashemirov BA, Holder AA, Saejueng K, McKenna CE, Crans DC. J Inorg Biochem. 2009 Sep 20. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19850352 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Single-frequency 1 W hybrid Brillouin/ytterbium fiber laser. Guan W, Marciante JR. Opt Lett. 2009 Oct 15;34(20):3131-2. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.003131. PMID: 19838249 [PubMed - in process]

  • Intense green and red upconversion emissions from Ho(3+) in presence of Yb(3+) in Li:TeO(2) glass. Giri NK, Rai SB, Rai A. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2009 Sep 19. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19836300 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Single-frequency 1060 nm semiconductor-optical-amplifier-based fiber laser with 40 nm tuning range. Tang M, Tian X, Lu X, Fu S, Shum PP, Zhang Z, Liu M, Cheng Y, Liu J. Opt Lett. 2009 Jul 15;34(14):2204-6. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.002204. PMID: 19823549 [PubMed - in process]

  • Two-wavelength ytterbium-doped fiber laser with sustained relaxation oscillation. Pan L, Utkin I, Fedosejevs R. Appl Opt. 2009 Oct 10;48(29):5484-9. doi: 10.1364/AO.48.005484. PMID: 19823230 [PubMed - in process]

  • Lewis Acid-Mediated beta-Hydride Abstraction Reactions of Divalent M(C(SiHMe(2))(3))(2)THF(2) (M = Ca, Yb). Yan K, Upton BM, Ellern A, Sadow AD. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19795868 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Observation of a large atomic parity violation effect in ytterbium. Tsigutkin K, Dounas-Frazer D, Family A, Stalnaker JE, Yashchuk VV, Budker D. Phys Rev Lett. 2009 Aug 14;103(7):071601. Epub 2009 Aug 10. PMID: 19792630 [PubMed]

  • Synthesis and characterization of Sn(II), Pb(II) and Yb(II) complexes supported by [C(Ph(2)P=NSiMe3){6-(2-RC5H3N)}]2- or [CH(Ph2P=NSiMe3){6-(2-RC5H3N)}]- (R = 3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl or iminophosphoranyl) ligands. Chai ZY, Wang ZX. Dalton Trans. 2009 Oct 14;(38):8005-12. Epub 2009 Aug 10. PMID: 19771363 [PubMed - in process]

  • Observation of extreme temporal events in CW-pumped supercontinuum. Mussot A, Kudlinski A, Kolobov M, Louvergneaux E, Douay M, Taki M. Opt Express. 2009 Sep 14;17(19):17010-5. doi: 10.1364/OE.17.017010. PMID: 19770919 [PubMed - in process]

  • Large-mode-area ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier with distributed narrow spectral filtering and reduced bend sensitivity. Alkeskjold TT. Opt Express. 2009 Sep 14;17(19):16394-405. doi: 10.1364/OE.17.016394. PMID: 19770853 [PubMed - in process]

  • Synthesis, structure, and reaction chemistry of samarium(II), europium(II), and ytterbium(II) complexes of the unsymmetrical benzamidinate ligand [PhC(NSiMe(3))(NC(6)H(3)Pr(i)(2)-2,6)](-). Yao S, Chan HS, Lam CK, Lee HK. Inorg Chem. 2009 Oct 19;48(20):9936-46. PMID: 19757783 [PubMed - in process]

  • Broadly tunable carrier envelope phase stable optical parametric amplifier pumped by a monolithic ytterbium fiber amplifier. Fernández A, Zhu L, Verhoef AJ, Sidorov-Biryukov D, Pugzlys A, Baltuska A, Liao KH, Liu ChH, Galvanauskas A, Kane S, Holzwarth R, Ilday FO. Opt Lett. 2009 Sep 15;34(18):2799-801. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.002799. PMID: 19756109 [PubMed - in process]

  • Structure and photophysics of near-infrared emissive ytterbium(III) monoporphyrinate acetate complexes having neutral bidentate ligands. He H, Sykes AG, May PS, He G. Dalton Trans. 2009 Sep 28;(36):7454-61. Epub 2009 Jul 27. PMID: 19727467 [PubMed - in process]

  • BaLn2Se4 (Ln = Er, Tm and Yb). Bugaris DE, Ibers JA. Acta Crystallogr C. 2009 Sep;65(Pt 9):i60-2. Epub 2009 Aug 22. PMID: 19726843 [PubMed - in process]

  • Experimental investigation of radiation effect on erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber amplifier for space optical communication in low-dose radiation environment. Ma J, Li M, Tan L, Zhou Y, Yu S, Ran Q. Opt Express. 2009 Aug 31;17(18):15571-7. doi: 10.1364/OE.17.015571. PMID: 19724555 [PubMed - in process]

  • Quantum-limited noise performance of a femtosecond all-fiber ytterbium laser. Prochnow O, Paschotta R, Benkler E, Morgner U, Neumann J, Wandt D, Kracht D. Opt Express. 2009 Aug 31;17(18):15525-33. doi: 10.1364/OE.17.015525. PMID: 19724550 [PubMed - in process]
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Recent Research & Development for Potassium

  • Aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic Acid injection for hemorrhoids. Lim SW. J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2012 Apr;28(2):73-7. Epub 2012 Apr 30. PMID: 22606645 [PubMed - in process]

  • Suppression of Ribosomal Function Triggers Innate Immune Signaling through Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Vyleta ML, Wong J, Magun BE. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36044. Epub 2012 May 14. PMID: 22606244 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Stroke preceding autoimmune encephalitis with neuronal potassium channel antibody. Simal P, Garcia-García AM, Serna-Candel C, Egido JA. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 May 8;2012. pii: bcr0820114637. doi: 10.1136/bcr.08.2011.4637. PMID: 22605845 [PubMed - in process]

  • Life-threatening hyperkalemia - an overlooked acute kidney injury with a serum creatinine rise in the 'normal' range. Latus J, Braun N, Alscher MD, Kimmel M. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 May 8;2012. pii: bcr0120125691. doi: 10.1136/bcr.01.2012.5691. PMID: 22605836 [PubMed - in process]

  • Ethylene glycol ingestion masked by concomitant ethanol intoxication. Head JM. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 Mar 20;2012. pii: bcr1220115326. doi: 10.1136/bcr.12.2011.5326. PMID: 22605713 [PubMed - in process]

  • Neuroanatomy of melanocortin-4 receptor pathway in the lateral hypothalamic area. Cui H, Sohn JW, Gautron L, Funahashi H, Williams KW, Elmquist JK, Lutter M. J Comp Neurol. 2012 May 17. doi: 10.1002/cne.23145. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22605619 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Microvascular responses to aldosterone in hamster cheek pouch microcirculation. Lapi D, Emdin M, Mastantuono T, Sapio D, Santillo M, Colantuoni A. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2012 May 16. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22596229 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hyperkalemia in Predialysis Patients Followed in a Low-Clearance Clinic. Sarafidis PA, Blacklock R, Wood E, Rumjon A, Simmonds S, Fletcher-Rogers J, Ariyanayagam R, Al-Yassin A, Sharpe C, Vinen K. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 May 17. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22595825 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Chemical punch packed in venoms makes centipedes excellent predators. Yang S, Liu Z, Xiao Y, Li Y, Rong M, Liang S, Zhang Z, Yu H, King GF, Lai R. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2012 May 17. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22595790 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • 21 Days head-down bed rest induces weakening of cell-mediated immunity - Some spaceflight findings confirmed in a ground-based analog. Kelsen J, Bartels LE, Dige A, Hvas CL, Frings-Meuthen P, Boehme G, Thomsen MK, Fenger-Grøn M, Dahlerup JF. Cytokine. 2012 May 15. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22595648 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Efficient production of ultrapure manganese oxides via electrodeposition. Cheney MA, Joo SW, Banerjee A, Min BK. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2012 Apr 25. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22595552 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Radiolytic formation of non-toxic Cr(III) from toxic Cr(VI) in formate containing aqueous solutions: A system for water treatment. Djouider F. J Hazard Mater. 2012 May 3. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22595544 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Comparative effect of angiotensin II type I receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers on laboratory parameters in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Nishida Y, Takahashi Y, Nakayama T, Asai S. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2012 May 17;11(1):53. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22594344 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Functional significance of M-type potassium channels in nociceptive cutaneous sensory endings. Passmore GM, Reilly JM, Thakur M, Keasberry VN, Marsh SJ, Dickenson AH, Brown DA. Front Mol Neurosci. 2012;5:63. Epub 2012 May 14. PMID: 22593734 [PubMed - in process]

  • Growth, root formation, and nutrient value of triticale plants fertilized with biosolids. Rauw WM, Teglas MB, Chandra S, Forister ML. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:467052. Epub 2012 Apr 19. PMID: 22593686 [PubMed - in process]

  • Electrochemistry/mass spectrometry as a tool in the investigation of the potent skin sensitizer p-phenylenediamine and its reactivity toward nucleophiles. Jahn S, Faber H, Zazzeroni R, Karst U. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2012 Jun 30;26(12):1453-64. doi: 10.1002/rcm.6249. PMID: 22592989 [PubMed - in process]

  • One-step sonochemical synthesis of a graphene oxide-manganese oxide nanocomposite for catalytic glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Park G, Bartolome L, Lee KG, Lee SJ, Kim DH, Park TJ. Nanoscale. 2012 May 16. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22592889 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Interventions for non-oliguric hyperkalaemia in preterm neonates. Vemgal P, Ohlsson A. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 May 16;5:CD005257. PMID: 22592703 [PubMed - in process]

  • Ultrasound assisted free radical polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate by a new disite phase-transfer catalyst system: A kinetic study. Sankar K, Rajendran V. Ultrason Sonochem. 2012 Feb 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22592149 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Comparison of the Effects of Sevoflurane, Isoflurane, and Desflurane on Microcirculation in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Ozarslan NG, Ayhan B, Kanbak M, Celebiog?lu B, Demircin M, Ince C, Aypar U. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2012 May 14. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22592139 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Recent Research & Development for Gadolinium

  • T(1) assessment of hip joint cartilage following intra-articular gadolinium injection: A pilot study. Bittersohl B, Hosalkar HS, Kim YJ, Werlen S, Trattnig S, Siebenrock KA, Mamisch TC. Magn Reson Med. 2010 Oct;64(4):1200-7. PubMed PMID: 20872764.

  • The time window of MRI of murine atherosclerotic plaques after administration of CB2 receptor targeted micelles: inter-scan variability and relation between plaque signal intensity increase and gadolinium content of inversion recovery prepared versus non-prepared fast spin echo. Te Boekhorst BC, Bovens SM, van de Kolk CW, Cramer MJ, Doevendans PA, Ten Hove M, van der Weerd L, Poelmann R, Strijkers GJ, Pasterkamp G, van Echteld CJ. NMR Biomed. 2010 Oct;23(8):939-51. PubMed PMID: 20878972.

  • Coordination chemistry of amide-functionalised tetraazamacrocycles: structural, relaxometric and cytotoxicity studies. Martinelli J, Balali-Mood B, Panizzo R, Lythgoe MF, White AJ, Ferretti P, Steinke JH, Vilar R. Dalton Trans. 2010 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20877892.

  • Gadolinium released from MR contrast agents is deposited in brain tumors: in situ demonstration using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Xia D, Davis RL, Crawford JA, Abraham JL. Acta Radiol. 2010 Sep 26. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20868305.

  • Midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide: a novel marker of myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Elmas E, Doesch C, Fluechter S, Freundt M, Weiss C, Lang S, Kälsch T, Haghi D, Papassotiriou J, Kunde J, Schoenberg SO, Borggrefe M, Papavassiliu T. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010 Sep 26. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20872251.

  • Translocator Protein PET Imaging for Glial Activation in Multiple Sclerosis. Oh U, Fujita M, Ikonomidou VN, Evangelou IE, Matsuura E, Harberts E, Ohayon J, Pike VW, Zhang Y, Zoghbi SS, Innis RB, Jacobson S. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2010 Sep 25. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20872081.

  • Influence of small caliber coronary arteries on the diagnostic accuracy of adenosine stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Pilz G, Heer T, Graw M, Ali E, Klos M, Scheck R, Zeymer U, Höfling B. Clin Res Cardiol. 2010 Sep 24. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20862587.

  • Reference region-based pharmacokinetic modeling in quantitative dynamic contract-enhanced MRI allows robust treatment monitoring in a rat liver tumor model despite cardiovascular changes. Steingoetter A, Svensson J, Kosanke Y, Botnar RM, Schwaiger M, Rummeny E, Braren R. Magn Reson Med. 2010 Sep 24. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20872863.

  • Comparison of half-dose and full-dose gadolinium MR contrast on the enhancement of bone and soft tissue tumors. Costelloe CM, Murphy WA Jr, Haygood TM, Kumar R, McEnery KW, Stafford RJ, Roy A, Bassett RL Jr, Harrell RK, Madewell JE. Skeletal Radiol. 2010 Sep 24. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20862469.

  • Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MR imaging: Evaluation of biliary and renal excretion in normal and cirrhotic livers. Tamada T, Ito K, Sone T, Kanki A, Sato T, Higashi H. Eur J Radiol. 2010 Sep 23. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20869827.

  • Increases in the number of brain metastases detected at frame-fixed, thin-slice MRI for gamma knife surgery planning. Nagai A, Shibamoto Y, Mori Y, Hashizume C, Hagiwara M, Kobayashi T. Neuro Oncol. 2010 Sep 23. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20864500.

  • BOLD cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 3.0 tesla in myocardial ischemia. Manka R, Paetsch I, Schnackenburg B, Gebker R, Fleck E, Jahnke C. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2010 Sep 22;12(1):54. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20860792.

  • Revisiting an old friend: manganese-based MRI contrast agents. Pan D, Caruthers SD, Senpan A, Schmieder AH, Wickline SA, Lanza GM. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2010 Sep 21. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20860051.

  • Childhood cholesteatoma. Nevoux J, Lenoir M, Roger G, Denoyelle F, Ducou Le Pointe H, Garabédian EN.Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2010 Sep;127(4):143-50. Epub 2010 Aug 11. PubMed PMID: 20860924.

  • Comparison of portal venous and delayed phases of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging study of cirrhotic liver for the detection of contrast washout of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma. Cereser L, Furlan A, Bagatto D, Girometti R, Como G, Avellini C, Orsaria M, Zuiani C, Bazzocchi M. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2010 Sep-Oct;34(5):706-11. PubMed PMID: 20861773.

  • Three-dimensional multiphase time-resolved low-dose contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography using TWIST on a 32-channel coil at 3 T: a quantitative and qualitative comparison of a conventional gadolinium chelate with a high-relaxivity agent. Giesel FL, Runge V, Kirchin M, Mehndiratta A, Gerigk L, Corell B, von Gall C, Kauczor HU, Essig M. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2010 Sep-Oct;34(5):678-83. PubMed PMID: 20861769.

  • [Accessory nerve schwannoma of the intracisternal type: a case report.]. Sadatomo T, Yuki K, Migita K, Hidaka T, Kurisu K. No Shinkei Geka. 2010 Sep;38(9):831-7. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 20864772.

  • Use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate cardiac structure, function and fibrosis in children with infantile Pompe disease on enzyme replacement therapy. Barker PC, Pasquali SK, Darty S, Ing RJ, Li JS, Kim RJ, Dearmey S, Kishnani PS, Campbell MJ. Mol Genet Metab. 2010 Jul 23. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20875764.

  • Differential diagnosis and prognosis of T1-weighted post-gadolinium intralabyrinthine hyperintensities. Dubrulle F, Kohler R, Vincent C, Puech P, Ernst O. Eur Radiol. 2010 Jun 10. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20862477.
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Recent Research & Development for Tungsten

  • Gas nanosensor design packages based on tungsten oxide: mesocages, hollow spheres, and nanowires. Hoa ND, El-Safty SA. Nanotechnology. 2011 Dec 2;22(48):485503. Epub 2011 Nov 9. PMID: 22071572 [PubMed - in process]

  • Experimental hypothyroidism delays fEPSPs and disrupts hippocampal long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation and Y-maze performance in adult rats. Seda Artis A, Bitiktas S, Taskin E, Dolu N, Liman N, Suer C. J Neuroendocrinol. 2011 Nov 9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02253.x. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22070634 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Glycolaldehyde as a Probe Molecule for Biomass-derivatives: Reaction of C-OH and C=O Functional Groups on Monolayer Ni Surfaces. Yu W, Barteau MA, Chen JG. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Nov 8. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22066750 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • [Bis-(4-methyl-1,3-thia-zol-2-yl-?N)methane]-tricarbonyl-dichlorido-tungsten(II). Strasser CE, Cronje S, Raubenheimer HG. Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):m1460. Epub 2011 Sep 30. PMID: 22065685 [PubMed]

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  • Comparative evaluation of marginal adaptation between nanocomposites and microhybrid composites exposed to two light cure units. Sharma RD, Sharma J, Rani A. Indian J Dent Res. 2011 May;22(3):495. PMID: 22048600 [PubMed - in process]

  • Comparison of secondary neutron dose in proton therapy resulting from the use of a tungsten alloy MLC or a brass collimator system. Diffenderfer ES, Ainsley CG, Kirk ML, McDonough JE, Maughan RL. Med Phys. 2011 Nov;38(11):6248. PMID: 22047390 [PubMed - in process]

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  • Structural Effects Behind the Low Temperature Nonconventional Relaxor Behavior of the Sr(2)NaNb(5)O(15) Bronze. Torres-Pardo A, Jiménez R, González-Calbet JM, García-González E. Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 28. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22035503 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Accelerated electron beam induced breakdown of commercial WO(3) into nanorods in the presence of triethylamine. Dawson G, Zhou W, Blackley R. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22030615 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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  • Academic aspects of lunar water resources and their relevance to lunar protolife. Green J. Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(9):6051-76. Epub 2011 Sep 19. PMID: 22016644 [PubMed - in process]

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