Ytterbium Sulfide is a moderately water and acid soluble Ytterbium source for uses compatible with sulfates. Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar energy materials and fuel cells. Ytterbium Sulfide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Ytterbium has 2 valency state, +2 +3. The number of electrons in each of Ytterbium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f14 6s2. In its metallic form Ytterbium's CAS number is 7440-64-4 and its standard state at 20 ºC is a solid. The Ytterbium atom has a radius of 194 pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Ytterbium is considered to be fairly toxic. On the periodic table, Ytterbium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. Ytterbium isbeing applied to numerous fiber amplifier and fiber optic technologies and in various lasing applications. Ytterbium is found in monazite sand as well as the ores euxenite and xenotime and is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It has a single dominant absorption band at 985 in the infra-red making it useful in silicon photocells to directly convert radiant energy to electricity. Ytterbium metal increases its electrical resistance when subjected to very high stresses. This property is used in stress gauges for monitoring ground deformations from earthquakes and nuclear explosions.The name Ytterbium originates after the name for the Swedish village of Ytterby. See Ytterbium research below.
Sulfur is a Block P, Group 16, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Sulfur's shells is 2, 8, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ne]3s2 3p4. In its elemental form sulfur's CAS number is 7704-34-9. The sulfur atom has a radius of 100pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180pm. Sulfur is a crucial element for all life and serves as both fuels and respiratory (oxygen-replacing) materials for simple organisms. In nature, sulfur can be found in hot springs, meteorites, volcanoes, and as galena, gypsum, Epsom salts, and barite. Sulfur, when organically bonded, is a component of all proteins, as the amino acids methionine and cysteine. In organic form, Sulfur is present in the vitamins thiamine and biotin. Sulfur is also a vital part of many enzymes and also in antioxidant molecules like glutathione and thioredoxin.Sulfur is available as compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). Sulfur has been known since ancient times but was not accepted as an element until 1777. Antoine Lavoisier helped to convince the scientific commuity that sulfus is an element and not a compound. See Sulfur research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Controlled excitation of scar modes in passive and active multimode chaotic fiber. Michel C, Doya V, Tascu S, Blanc W, Legrand O, Mortessagne F. Appl Opt. 2009 Nov 1;48(31):G163-8. doi: 10.1364/AO.48.00G163. PMID: 19881639 [PubMed - in process]
High-power nanosecond ytterbium-doped fiber laser passively synchronized with a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. Yan M, Li W, Hao Q, Li Y, Yang K, Zhou H, Zeng H. Opt Lett. 2009 Nov 1;34(21):3331-3333. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.003331. PMID: 19881584 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Femtosecond and picosecond laser drilling of metals at high repetition rates and average powers. Ancona A, Döring S, Jauregui C, Röser F, Limpert J, Nolte S, Tünnermann A. Opt Lett. 2009 Nov 1;34(21):3304-3306. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.003304. PMID: 19881575 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ytterbium(III) triflate catalyzed tandem Friedel-Crafts alkylation/hydroarylation of propargylic alcohols with phenols as an expedient route to indenols. Zhang X, Teo WT, Chan PW. Org Lett. 2009 Nov 5;11(21):4990-3. PMID: 19863152 [PubMed - in process]
Complexation of bisphosphonates with ytterbium(III): Application of phosphate and ATP detection assay based on Yb(3+)-pyrocatechol violet. Gaidamauskas E, Parker H, Kashemirov BA, Holder AA, Saejueng K, McKenna CE, Crans DC. J Inorg Biochem. 2009 Sep 20. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19850352 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Single-frequency 1 W hybrid Brillouin/ytterbium fiber laser. Guan W, Marciante JR. Opt Lett. 2009 Oct 15;34(20):3131-2. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.003131. PMID: 19838249 [PubMed - in process]
Intense green and red upconversion emissions from Ho(3+) in presence of Yb(3+) in Li:TeO(2) glass. Giri NK, Rai SB, Rai A. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2009 Sep 19. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19836300 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Single-frequency 1060 nm semiconductor-optical-amplifier-based fiber laser with 40 nm tuning range. Tang M, Tian X, Lu X, Fu S, Shum PP, Zhang Z, Liu M, Cheng Y, Liu J. Opt Lett. 2009 Jul 15;34(14):2204-6. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.002204. PMID: 19823549 [PubMed - in process]
Two-wavelength ytterbium-doped fiber laser with sustained relaxation oscillation. Pan L, Utkin I, Fedosejevs R. Appl Opt. 2009 Oct 10;48(29):5484-9. doi: 10.1364/AO.48.005484. PMID: 19823230 [PubMed - in process]
Lewis Acid-Mediated beta-Hydride Abstraction Reactions of Divalent M(C(SiHMe(2))(3))(2)THF(2) (M = Ca, Yb). Yan K, Upton BM, Ellern A, Sadow AD. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19795868 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Observation of a large atomic parity violation effect in ytterbium. Tsigutkin K, Dounas-Frazer D, Family A, Stalnaker JE, Yashchuk VV, Budker D. Phys Rev Lett. 2009 Aug 14;103(7):071601. Epub 2009 Aug 10. PMID: 19792630 [PubMed]
Synthesis and characterization of Sn(II), Pb(II) and Yb(II) complexes supported by [C(Ph(2)P=NSiMe3){6-(2-RC5H3N)}]2- or [CH(Ph2P=NSiMe3){6-(2-RC5H3N)}]- (R = 3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl or iminophosphoranyl) ligands. Chai ZY, Wang ZX. Dalton Trans. 2009 Oct 14;(38):8005-12. Epub 2009 Aug 10. PMID: 19771363 [PubMed - in process]
Observation of extreme temporal events in CW-pumped supercontinuum. Mussot A, Kudlinski A, Kolobov M, Louvergneaux E, Douay M, Taki M. Opt Express. 2009 Sep 14;17(19):17010-5. doi: 10.1364/OE.17.017010. PMID: 19770919 [PubMed - in process]
Large-mode-area ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier with distributed narrow spectral filtering and reduced bend sensitivity. Alkeskjold TT. Opt Express. 2009 Sep 14;17(19):16394-405. doi: 10.1364/OE.17.016394. PMID: 19770853 [PubMed - in process]
Synthesis, structure, and reaction chemistry of samarium(II), europium(II), and ytterbium(II) complexes of the unsymmetrical benzamidinate ligand [PhC(NSiMe(3))(NC(6)H(3)Pr(i)(2)-2,6)](-). Yao S, Chan HS, Lam CK, Lee HK. Inorg Chem. 2009 Oct 19;48(20):9936-46. PMID: 19757783 [PubMed - in process]
Broadly tunable carrier envelope phase stable optical parametric amplifier pumped by a monolithic ytterbium fiber amplifier. Fernández A, Zhu L, Verhoef AJ, Sidorov-Biryukov D, Pugzlys A, Baltuska A, Liao KH, Liu ChH, Galvanauskas A, Kane S, Holzwarth R, Ilday FO. Opt Lett. 2009 Sep 15;34(18):2799-801. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.002799. PMID: 19756109 [PubMed - in process]
Structure and photophysics of near-infrared emissive ytterbium(III) monoporphyrinate acetate complexes having neutral bidentate ligands. He H, Sykes AG, May PS, He G. Dalton Trans. 2009 Sep 28;(36):7454-61. Epub 2009 Jul 27. PMID: 19727467 [PubMed - in process]
BaLn2Se4 (Ln = Er, Tm and Yb). Bugaris DE, Ibers JA. Acta Crystallogr C. 2009 Sep;65(Pt 9):i60-2. Epub 2009 Aug 22. PMID: 19726843 [PubMed - in process]
Experimental investigation of radiation effect on erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber amplifier for space optical communication in low-dose radiation environment. Ma J, Li M, Tan L, Zhou Y, Yu S, Ran Q. Opt Express. 2009 Aug 31;17(18):15571-7. doi: 10.1364/OE.17.015571. PMID: 19724555 [PubMed - in process]
Quantum-limited noise performance of a femtosecond all-fiber ytterbium laser. Prochnow O, Paschotta R, Benkler E, Morgner U, Neumann J, Wandt D, Kracht D. Opt Express. 2009 Aug 31;17(18):15525-33. doi: 10.1364/OE.17.015525. PMID: 19724550 [PubMed - in process]
Self-assembly of a sulphur-terminated graphene nanoribbon within a single-walled carbon nanotube.
Chuvilin A, Bichoutskaia E, Gimenez-Lopez MC, Chamberlain TW, Rance GA, Kuganathan N, Biskupek J, Kaiser U, Khlobystov AN.
Nat Mater. 2011 Aug 7. doi: 10.1038/nmat3082. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21822259
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the yeast tRNA-thiouridine modification protein 1 (Tum1p).
Qiu R, Wang F, Liu M, Yang Z, Wu T, Ji C.
Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2011 Aug 1;67(Pt 8):953-5. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
PMID:
21821903
[PubMed - in process]
Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis L-isoleucine dioxygenase toward the production of useful amino acids.
Hibi M, Kawashima T, Kodera T, Smirnov SV, Sokolov PM, Sugiyama M, Shimizu S, Yokozeki K, Ogawa J.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821743
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Characterization of the sulfurtransferase family from Oryza sativa L.
Guretzki S, Papenbrock J.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2011 Jul 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821426
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Development of a small-scale bioreactor method to monitor the molecular diversity and environmental impacts of bacterial biofilm communities from an acid mine drainage impacted creek.
Cole M, Wrubel J, Henegan P, Janzen C, Holt J, Tobin T.
J Microbiol Methods. 2011 Jul 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821067
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
In situ incorporation of nickel nanoparticles into the mesopores of MCM-41 by manipulation of solvent-solute interaction and its activity toward adsorptive desulfurization of gas oil.
Samadi-Maybodi A, Teymouri M, Vahid A, Miranbeigi A.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Jul 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21820806
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase is an essential enzyme for the parasitic protist Trypanosoma brucei.
Alloatti A, Gupta S, Gualdrón-López M, Nguewa PA, Altabe SG, Deumer G, Wallemacq P, Michels PA, Uttaro AD.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Jul 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21820408
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The use of multi-element stable isotope analysis to monitor the origin of chondroitin sulfates.
Thomas F, Jamin E, Shimoo K, Nagao J, Osaki Y, Granier C.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2011 Sep 15;25(17):2533-7. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5159.
PMID:
21818814
[PubMed - in process]
Sulphur isotopes in animal hair track distance to sea.
Zazzo A, Monahan FJ, Moloney AP, Green S, Schmidt O.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2011 Sep 15;25(17):2371-8. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5131.
PMID:
21818798
[PubMed - in process]
Experimental and Theoretical Evidence of Aromatic Behavior in Heterobenzene-Like Molecules with Metal-Metal Multiple Bonds.
Fang W, He Q, Tan ZF, Liu CY, Lu X, Murillo CA.
Chemistry. 2011 Aug 4. doi: 10.1002/chem.201003693. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21818792
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Rhodovulum phaeolacus sp. nov. a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from a brown pond.
Venkata Naga Satya Lakshmi K, Sasikala C, Venkata Ramana V, Veera Venkata Ramaprasad E, Venkata Ramana C.
J Gen Appl Microbiol. 2011;57(3):145-51.
PMID:
21817826
[PubMed - in process]
Comparative data on effects of leading pretreatments and enzyme loadings and formulations on sugar yields from different switchgrass sources.
Wyman CE, Balan V, Dale BE, Elander RT, Falls M, Hames B, Holtzapple MT, Ladisch MR, Lee YY, Mosier N, Pallapolu VR, Shi J, Thomas SR, Warner RE.
Bioresour Technol. 2011 Jun 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21816612
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Target loads of atmospheric sulfur deposition for the protection and recovery of acid-sensitive streams in the Southern Blue Ridge Province.
Sullivan TJ, Cosby BJ, Jackson WA.
J Environ Manage. 2011 Aug 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21816535
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Differential effects of a post-anthesis fertilizer regimen on the wheat flour proteome determined by quantitative 2-DE.
Altenbach SB, Tanaka CK, Hurkman WJ, Whitehand LC, Vensel WH, Dupont FM.
Proteome Sci. 2011 Aug 4;9(1):46. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21816081
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Comparative toxicity of arsenic metabolites in human bladder cancer EJ-1 cells.
Naranmandura H, Michael CW, Xu S, Lee J, Leslie E, Weinfeld M, Le XC.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21815631
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Effects of Different Garlic-derived Allyl Sulfides on Peroxidative Processes and Anaerobic Sulfur Metabolism in Mouse Liver.
Iciek MB, Kowalczyk-Pachel D, Kwiecien I, Dudek MB.
Phytother Res. 2011 Aug 4. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3572. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21815229
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A combined model of hepatic polyamine and sulfur amino acid metabolism to analyze S-adenosyl methionine availability.
Reyes-Palomares A, Montañez R, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Medina MA.
Amino Acids. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21814788
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Microbial gene functions enriched in the Deepwater Horizon deep-sea oil plume.
Lu Z, Deng Y, Van Nostrand JD, He Z, Voordeckers J, Zhou A, Lee YJ, Mason OU, Dubinsky EA, Chavarria KL, Tom LM, Fortney JL, Lamendella R, Jansson JK, D'haeseleer P, Hazen TC, Zhou J.
ISME J. 2011 Aug 4. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2011.91. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21814288
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
1,1'-(3-Methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)diethanone as a Building Block in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Novel Synthesis of Some Pyrazole and Pyrimidine Derivatives.
Mabkhot YN, Al-Majid AM, Barakat A, Alshahrani S, Siddiqui Y.
Molecules. 2011 Aug 3;16(8):6502-11.
PMID:
21814162
[PubMed - in process]
Towards the Growth of an Aligned Single-Layer MoS2 Film.
Kim D, Sun D, Lu W, Cheng Z, Zhu Y, Le D, Rahman TS, Bartels L.
Langmuir. 2011 Aug 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21812475
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ytterbium Sulfide is a moderately water and acid soluble Ytterbium source for uses compatible with sulfates. Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar energy materials and fuel cells. Ytterbium Sulfide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Ytterbium has 2 valency state, +2 +3. The number of electrons in each of Ytterbium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f14 6s2. In its metallic form Ytterbium's CAS number is 7440-64-4 and its standard state at 20 ºC is a solid. The Ytterbium atom has a radius of 194 pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Ytterbium is considered to be fairly toxic. On the periodic table, Ytterbium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 
element. Ytterbium is
being applied to numerous fiber amplifier and fiber optic technologies and in various lasing applications. Ytterbium is found in monazite sand as well as the ores euxenite and xenotime and is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It has a single dominant absorption band at 985 in the infra-red making it useful in silicon photocells to directly convert radiant energy to electricity. Ytterbium metal increases its electrical resistance when subjected to very high stresses. This property is used in stress gauges for monitoring ground deformations from earthquakes and nuclear explosions.The name Ytterbium originates after the name for the Swedish village of Ytterby. See Ytterbium research below.
Sulfur is a Block P, Group 16, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Sulfur's shells is 2, 8, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ne]3s2 3p4. In its elemental form sulfur's CAS number is 7704-34-9. The sulfur atom has a radius of 100pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180pm. Sulfur is a crucial element for all life and serves as both fuels and respiratory (oxygen-replacing) materials for simple organisms. In nature, sulfur can be found in hot springs, meteorites, volcanoes, and as galena, gypsum, Epsom salts, and barite. Sulfur, when organically bonded, is a component of all proteins, as the amino acids methionine 
and cysteine. In organic form, Sulfur is present in the vitamins thiamine and biotin. Sulfur is also a vital part of many enzymes and also in antioxidant molecules like glutathione and thioredoxin.Sulfur is available as compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). Sulfur has been known since ancient times but was not accepted as an element until 1777. Antoine Lavoisier helped to convince the scientific commuity that sulfus is an element and not a compound. See Sulfur research below.
