Ytterbium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Yb:YAG) is a crystalline solid used in photo optic applications. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting frelevant units of measurement.
Ytterbium has 2 valency state, +2 +3. The electronic configuration is [Xe]4f146s2. In its metallic form Ytterbium's CAS number is 7440-64-4 and its standard state @ 20 ºC is a solid. The Ytterbium atom has a radius of 194 pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. On the periodic table, Ytterbium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element.
Yttrium is a Block D, Group 3, Period 5 element. The electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d1 5s2. In its elemental form yttrium's CAS number is 7440-65-5. The yttrium atom has a radius of 177.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Yttrium has the highest thermo-dynamic affinity for oxygen of any element. This characteristic is the basis for many of its applications. While not part of the rare earth series, it resembles the heavy rare earths which are sometimes referred to as the “yttrics” for this reason. Another unique characteristic derives from its ability to form crystals with useful properties. Yttrium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder.
Aluminum is a Block P, Group 13, Period 3 element. The electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p1. In its elemental form aluminum's CAS number is 7429-90-5. The aluminum atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Aluminum is a silvery-white metal that possesses many desirable characteristics. It is light, nonmagnetic and nonsparking.
It stands second among metals in the scale of malleability, and sixth in ductility. It is extensively used in many industrial applications where a strong, light, easily constructed material is needed. Although it's electrical conductivity is only about 60% that of copper, it is used in electrical transmission lines because of its light weight. Pure aluminum is soft and lacks strength, but alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties. These alloys are of vital importance in the construction of modern aircraft and rockets. Aluminum, evaporated in a vacuum, forms a highly reflective coating for both visible light and radiant heat. They are used to coat telescope mirrors. Aluminum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder.
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Periodic table of the elements science and academic information, elements and advanced materials data, scientific presentations and all pages, designs, concepts, logos, and color schemes herein are the copyrighted proprietary rights and intellectual property of American Elements. American Elements is a U.S. Registered Trademark. © 2001-2009. American Elements. All rights reserved. |
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Recent Research & Development for Ytterbium
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Controlled excitation of scar modes in passive and active multimode chaotic fiber.
Michel C, Doya V, Tascu S, Blanc W, Legrand O, Mortessagne F.
Appl Opt. 2009 Nov 1;48(31):G163-8. doi: 10.1364/AO.48.00G163.
PMID: 19881639 [PubMed - in process]
- High-power nanosecond ytterbium-doped fiber laser passively synchronized with a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser.
Yan M, Li W, Hao Q, Li Y, Yang K, Zhou H, Zeng H.
Opt Lett. 2009 Nov 1;34(21):3331-3333. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.003331.
PMID: 19881584 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Femtosecond and picosecond laser drilling of metals at high repetition rates and average powers.
Ancona A, Döring S, Jauregui C, Röser F, Limpert J, Nolte S, Tünnermann A.
Opt Lett. 2009 Nov 1;34(21):3304-3306. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.003304.
PMID: 19881575 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Ytterbium(III) triflate catalyzed tandem Friedel-Crafts alkylation/hydroarylation of propargylic alcohols with phenols as an expedient route to indenols.
Zhang X, Teo WT, Chan PW.
Org Lett. 2009 Nov 5;11(21):4990-3.
PMID: 19863152 [PubMed - in process]
- Complexation of bisphosphonates with ytterbium(III): Application of phosphate and ATP detection assay based on Yb(3+)-pyrocatechol violet.
Gaidamauskas E, Parker H, Kashemirov BA, Holder AA, Saejueng K, McKenna CE, Crans DC.
J Inorg Biochem. 2009 Sep 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19850352 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Single-frequency 1 W hybrid Brillouin/ytterbium fiber laser.
Guan W, Marciante JR.
Opt Lett. 2009 Oct 15;34(20):3131-2. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.003131.
PMID: 19838249 [PubMed - in process]
- Intense green and red upconversion emissions from Ho(3+) in presence of Yb(3+) in Li:TeO(2) glass.
Giri NK, Rai SB, Rai A.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2009 Sep 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19836300 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Single-frequency 1060 nm semiconductor-optical-amplifier-based fiber laser with 40 nm tuning range.
Tang M, Tian X, Lu X, Fu S, Shum PP, Zhang Z, Liu M, Cheng Y, Liu J.
Opt Lett. 2009 Jul 15;34(14):2204-6. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.002204.
PMID: 19823549 [PubMed - in process]
- Two-wavelength ytterbium-doped fiber laser with sustained relaxation oscillation.
Pan L, Utkin I, Fedosejevs R.
Appl Opt. 2009 Oct 10;48(29):5484-9. doi: 10.1364/AO.48.005484.
PMID: 19823230 [PubMed - in process]
- Lewis Acid-Mediated beta-Hydride Abstraction Reactions of Divalent M(C(SiHMe(2))(3))(2)THF(2) (M = Ca, Yb).
Yan K, Upton BM, Ellern A, Sadow AD.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19795868 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Observation of a large atomic parity violation effect in ytterbium.
Tsigutkin K, Dounas-Frazer D, Family A, Stalnaker JE, Yashchuk VV, Budker D.
Phys Rev Lett. 2009 Aug 14;103(7):071601. Epub 2009 Aug 10.
PMID: 19792630 [PubMed]
- Synthesis and characterization of Sn(II), Pb(II) and Yb(II) complexes supported by [C(Ph(2)P=NSiMe3){6-(2-RC5H3N)}]2- or [CH(Ph2P=NSiMe3){6-(2-RC5H3N)}]- (R = 3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl or iminophosphoranyl) ligands.
Chai ZY, Wang ZX.
Dalton Trans. 2009 Oct 14;(38):8005-12. Epub 2009 Aug 10.
PMID: 19771363 [PubMed - in process]
- Observation of extreme temporal events in CW-pumped supercontinuum.
Mussot A, Kudlinski A, Kolobov M, Louvergneaux E, Douay M, Taki M.
Opt Express. 2009 Sep 14;17(19):17010-5. doi: 10.1364/OE.17.017010.
PMID: 19770919 [PubMed - in process]
- Large-mode-area ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier with distributed narrow spectral filtering and reduced bend sensitivity.
Alkeskjold TT.
Opt Express. 2009 Sep 14;17(19):16394-405. doi: 10.1364/OE.17.016394.
PMID: 19770853 [PubMed - in process]
- Synthesis, structure, and reaction chemistry of samarium(II), europium(II), and ytterbium(II) complexes of the unsymmetrical benzamidinate ligand [PhC(NSiMe(3))(NC(6)H(3)Pr(i)(2)-2,6)](-).
Yao S, Chan HS, Lam CK, Lee HK.
Inorg Chem. 2009 Oct 19;48(20):9936-46.
PMID: 19757783 [PubMed - in process]
- Broadly tunable carrier envelope phase stable optical parametric amplifier pumped by a monolithic ytterbium fiber amplifier.
Fernández A, Zhu L, Verhoef AJ, Sidorov-Biryukov D, Pugzlys A, Baltuska A, Liao KH, Liu ChH, Galvanauskas A, Kane S, Holzwarth R, Ilday FO.
Opt Lett. 2009 Sep 15;34(18):2799-801. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.002799.
PMID: 19756109 [PubMed - in process]
- Structure and photophysics of near-infrared emissive ytterbium(III) monoporphyrinate acetate complexes having neutral bidentate ligands.
He H, Sykes AG, May PS, He G.
Dalton Trans. 2009 Sep 28;(36):7454-61. Epub 2009 Jul 27.
PMID: 19727467 [PubMed - in process]
- BaLn2Se4 (Ln = Er, Tm and Yb).
Bugaris DE, Ibers JA.
Acta Crystallogr C. 2009 Sep;65(Pt 9):i60-2. Epub 2009 Aug 22.
PMID: 19726843 [PubMed - in process]
- Experimental investigation of radiation effect on erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber amplifier for space optical communication in low-dose radiation environment.
Ma J, Li M, Tan L, Zhou Y, Yu S, Ran Q.
Opt Express. 2009 Aug 31;17(18):15571-7. doi: 10.1364/OE.17.015571.
PMID: 19724555 [PubMed - in process]
- Quantum-limited noise performance of a femtosecond all-fiber ytterbium laser.
Prochnow O, Paschotta R, Benkler E, Morgner U, Neumann J, Wandt D, Kracht D.
Opt Express. 2009 Aug 31;17(18):15525-33. doi: 10.1364/OE.17.015525.
PMID: 19724550 [PubMed - in process]
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Material Safety Data Sheet |
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1 Identification of substance
- Product details
- Trade name Ytterbium (III) acetate
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2 Composition/Data on components:
- Chemical characterization:
Designation: (CAS#)
Ytterbium (III) acetate, hydrate (CAS# 15280-58-7), 100%
- Identification number(s):
- EINECS Number: 244-137-6
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3 Hazards identification
- Hazard designation: · void
- Information pertaining to particular dangers for man and environment
Not applicable
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4 First aid measures
- After inhalation
Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm. Consult doctor if symptoms persist.
Seek immediate medical advice.
- After skin contact
Instantly wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.
Seek immediate medical advice.
- After eye contact
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult doctor.
- After swallowing Seek medical treatment.
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5 Fire fighting measures
- Suitable extinguishing agents
CO2, extinguishing powder or water jet. Fight larger fires with water jet.
- Special hazards caused by the material, its products of combustion or
flue gases:
Can be released in case of fire:
Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
- Protective equipment:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Wear full protective suit.
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6 Accidental release measures
- Person-related safety precautions:
Wear protective equipment. Keep unprotected persons away.
Ensure adequate ventilation
- Measures for environmental protection:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
- Measures for cleaning/collecting: Collect mechanically.
- Additional information:
See Section 7 for information on safe handling
See section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for information on disposal.
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7 Handling and storage
- Handling
- Information for safe handling:
Keep containers tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
No special precautions necessary if used correctly.
- Information about protection against explosions and fires:
No special measures required.
- Storage
- Requirements to be met by storerooms and containers:
No special requirements.
- Information about storage in one common storage facility:
Store away from oxidizing agents.
Store away from water.
- Further information about storage conditions:
This product is hygroscopic.
Protect from humidity and keep away from water.
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
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8 Exposure controls and personal protection
- Additional information about design of technical systems:
Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.
- Components with critical values that require monitoring at the
workplace:
Not required.
- Additional information: No data
- Personal protective equipment
- General protective and hygienic measures
The usual precautionary measures should be adhered to in handling the chemicals.
Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and food.
Instantly remove any soiled and impregnated garments.
Wash hands during breaks and at the end of the work.
- Breathing equipment: Use breathing protection with high concentrations.
- Protection of hands: Impervious gloves
- Eye protection: Safety glasses
- Body protection: Protective work clothing.
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9 Physical and chemical properties:
- General Information
- Form: Crystalline aggregates
- Colour: White
- Smell: Odourless
- Value/Range Unit Method
- Change in condition
- Melting point/Melting range: 100 ° C (loses H2O)
- Boiling point/Boiling range: Not determined
- Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined
- Flash point: Not applicable
- Ignition temperature: Not determined
- Decomposition temperature: Not determined
- Danger of explosion: Product is not explosive.
- Critical values for explosion:
- Lower: Not determined
- Upper: Not determined
- Steam pressure: Not determined
- Density Not determined
- Solubility in / Miscibility with
- Water: Soluble
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10 Stability and reactivity
- Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
No decomposition if used and stored according to specifications.
- Materials to be avoided:
Oxidizing agents
Water/moisture
- Dangerous reactions: No dangerous reactions known
- Dangerous products of decomposition:
Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
Metal oxide
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11 Toxicological information
- Acute toxicity:
- Primary irritant effect:
- on the skin: May cause irritation
- on the eye: May cause irritation
- Sensitization: No sensitizing effect known.
- Additional toxicological information:
To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.
No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.
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12 Ecological information:
- General notes:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Water hazard class 1 (Self-assessment): slightly hazardous for water.
Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities of it to reach ground water, water bodies or sewage system.
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13 Disposal considerations
- Product:
- Recommendation
Consult state, local or national regulations for proper disposal.
Hand over to disposers of hazardous waste.
Must be specially treated under adherence to official regulations.
- Uncleaned packagings:
- Recommendation:
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
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14 Transport information
- Land transport ADR/RID and GGVS/GGVE (cross-border/domestic)
- ADR/RID-GGVS/E Class: None
- Maritime transport IMDG/GGVSea:
- IMDG/GGVSea Class: None
- Air transport ICAO-TI and IATA-DGR:
- ICAO/IATA Class: None
- Transport/Additional information:
Not dangerous according to the above specifications.
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15 Regulatory information
- Designation according to EC guidelines:
Observe the normal safety regulations when handling chemicals
The product is not subject to identification regulations under EC Directives and the Ordinance on Hazardous Materials (GefStoffV).
- National regulations
- Information about limitation of use:
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
- Water hazard class:
Water hazard class 1 (Self-assessment): slightly hazardous for water.
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16 Other information:
Employers should use this information only as a supplement to other information gathered by them, and should make independent judgement of suitability of this information to ensure proper use and protect the health and safety of employees. This information is furnished without warranty, and any use of the product not in conformance with this Material Safety Data Sheet, or in combination with any other product or process, is the responsibility of the user.
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