Yttria doped Ceria (YDC) Cerium Oxide stabilized with Yttrium Oxide
CeO2/Y2O3
Product
Product Code
Order or Specifications
Yttria doped Ceria (Y = 10%) Powder
CE-OX-02-YDC10-P
Yttria doped Ceria (Y = 10%) Ink
CE-OX-02-YDC10-I
Yttria doped Ceria (Y = 20%) Powder
CE-OX-02-YDC20-P
Yttria doped Ceria (Y = 20%) Ink
CE-OX-02-YDC20-I
American Elements specializes in producing yttria doped ceria (YDC), cerium oxide stabilized by various doping levels of yttrium oxide, a material that upon firing forms a highly ionically conductive thin film electrolyte layer for use in solid oxide fuel cell electrochemistry structures. Yttrium Oxide doped Ceria belongs to a class of doped Ceria compounds with ionic conductivity exceeding Yttria stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes. These include Samarium doped Ceria (SDC) and Gadolinium doped Ceria (GDC). Even higher conductivity can be achieved with American Elements Scandia doped Zirconia (SCZ) and Yttria doped Bismuth Oxide. Yttrium Oxide doped Cerium Oxide is available in a powder for tape casting, air spray, extrusion and sputtering fuel cell applications and as an ink for screen printing. Yttria doping levels are available at 10% and 20% and as specified by customer. American Elements provides guidance on firing parameters, doping levels, and thermal expansion matching with American Elements' cathode and anode cell layers.
Cerium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Cerium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f2 6s2. In its elemental form cerium's CAS number is 7440-45-1. The cerium atom has a radius of 182.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 181.pm. Cerium is moderately toxic. Cerium is one of the products manufactured and distributed under the tradename AE Rare Earths. Cerium is the most abundant of the rare earths metals. It is characterized chemically by having two valence states , the +3 cerous and +4 ceric states. The ceric state is the only non-trivalent rare earth ion stable in aqueoussolutions.It is, therefore, strongly acidic and moderately toxic. It is also a strong oxidizer.The cerous state closely resembles the other trivalent rare earths. The numerous commercial applications for cerium include metallurgy, glass and glass polishing, ceramics, catalysts, as the electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells when doped with yttrium, gadolinium or samarium and in phosphors. In steel manufacturing it is used to remove free oxygen and sulfur by forming stable oxysulfides and by tying up undesirable trace elements, such as lead and antimony. It is considered to be the most efficient glass polishing agent for precision optical polishing. It is also used to decolor glass by keeping iron in its ferrous state. The ability of cerium-doped glass to block out ultra violet light is utilized in the manufacturing of medical glassware and aerospace windows. It is also used to prevent polymers from darkening in sunlight and to suppress discoloration of television glass.
Cerium was first discovered by W. von Hisinger in 1903. The element was named after the asteroid Ceres. See Cerium research below.
Yttrium is a Block D, Group 3, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Yttrium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d1 5s2. In its elemental form Yttrium's CAS number is 7440-65-5. The yttrium atom has a radius of 177.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Insoluble compounds of Yttrium are non-toxic, although water soluble compounds are somewhat toxic. Yttrium has the highest thermo-dynamic affinity for oxygen of any element. This characteristic is the basis for many of its applications. While not part of the rare earth series, it resembles the heavy rare earths which are sometimes referred to as the “yttrics” for this reason. Another unique characteristic derives from its ability to form crystals with useful properties. Yttrium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds assubmicron and nanopowder. Some of the many applications of yttrium include in ceramics for crucibles for molten reactive metals, in florescent lighting phosphors, computer displays and automotive fuel consumption sensors.Yttria stabilized zirconium oxide are used in high temperature applications, such as in thermal plasma sprays to protect aerospace high temperature surfaces and as an electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. The name Yttrium originated from a Swedish village near Vaxholm called Yttbery where Yttrium was discovered. Crystals of the yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) variety are essential to microwave communication equipment. The phosphor Eu:Y2O2S creates the red color in televisions. Crystals of the yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) variety are utilized with neodymium in a number of laser applications. Yttria can also increase the strength of metallic alloys. Yttrium was first discovered by Johann Gadolin in 1794. See Yttrium research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Low-Fluence Q-Switched 1,064-nm Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for the Treatment of Facial Partial Unilateral Lentiginosis in Koreans.
Lee Y, Choi EH, Lee SW.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Sep 7. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02147.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093176
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Successful Treatment of Cosmetic Mucosal Tattoos Via Q-Switched Laser.
Kirby W, Chen C, Desai A, Desai T.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Aug 23. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02135.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093036
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Letter: successful treatment of multiple miliary osteomas of the face using an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser.
Ortiz AE, Ross EV.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Oct;37(10):1548-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02112.x.
PMID:
22092945
[PubMed - in process]
Commentary on Treatment of Acne Scars in Asian Patients using a 2,790-nm Fractional Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet Laser.
Perez M.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Oct;37(10):1470-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02116.x. No abstract available.
PMID:
22092942
[PubMed - in process]
Fractional Thermoablation Using an Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Fractionated Laser for the Treatment of Pulsed Dye Laser-Resistant Port Wine Stain Birthmarks.
Toren KL, Marquart JD.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Sep 14. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02160.x. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22092921
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The effect of erbium-doped: yttrium, aluminium and garnet laser irradiation on the surface microstructure and roughness of double acid-etched implants.
Kim JH, Herr Y, Chung JH, Shin SI, Kwon YH.
J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2011 Oct;41(5):234-41. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
PMID:
22087414
[PubMed - in process]
120-W 2-?m THULIUM:YTTRIUM-ALUMINIUM-GARNET VAPOENUCLEATION OF THE PROSTATE: 12-MONTH FOLLOW-UP.
Muir G.
BJU Int. 2011 Nov 15. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10816.x. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22085314
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
120-W 2-µm thulium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet vapoenucleation of the prostate: 12-month follow-up.
Netsch C, Pohlmann L, Herrmann TR, Gross AJ, Bach T.
BJU Int. 2011 Nov 15. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10767.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22085294
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
An Unusual Organoyttrium Alkyl Complex Containing a [C(5) HMe(3) (?(3) -CH(2) )-C(5) H(4) N-?](-) Ligand and an Elusive Cyclopentadienide-Based Scandium Tuck-Over Zwitterion Obtained by C?H Bond Activation.
Jian Z, Cui D.
Chemistry. 2011 Nov 14. doi: 10.1002/chem.201102378. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22083978
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Radioembolization versus Standard Care of Hepatic Metastases: Comparative Retrospective Cohort Study of Survival Outcomes and Adverse Events in Salvage Patients.
Bester L, Meteling B, Pocock N, Pavlakis N, Chua TC, Saxena A, Morris DL.
J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011 Nov 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22079516
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Quantitative evaluation of scintillation camera imaging characteristics of isotopes used in liver radioembolization.
Elschot M, Nijsen JF, Dam AJ, de Jong HW.
PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e26174. Epub 2011 Nov 3.
PMID:
22073149
[PubMed - in process]
Lasers or light sources for treating port-wine stains.
Faurschou A, Olesen AB, Leonardi-Bee J, Haedersdal M.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Nov 9;11:CD007152.
PMID:
22071834
[PubMed - in process]
Treating and Downstaging Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Caudate Lobe with Yttrium-90 Radioembolization.
Ibrahim SM, Kulik L, Baker T, Ryu RK, Mulcahy MF, Abecassis M, Salem R, Lewandowski RJ.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22069121
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
catena-Poly[[tetra-kis-(hexa-methyl-phospho-ramide-?O)bis-(nitrato-?O,O')yttrium(III)] [silver(I)-di-?-sulfido-molybdenum(VI)-di-?-sulfido]].
Zhang J.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):m1206-7. Epub 2011 Aug 6.
PMID:
22065643
[PubMed]
Yttrium-90 Time-of-Flight PET/CT Is Superior to Bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT for Postradioembolization Imaging of Microsphere Biodistribution.
Kao YH, Tan EH, Ng CE, Goh SW.
Clin Nucl Med. 2011 Dec;36(12):e186-7.
PMID:
22064104
[PubMed - in process]
End-functionalized Polymerization of 2-Vinylpyridine through Initial C-H Bond Activation of N-Heteroaromatics and Internal Alkynes by Yttrium Ene-diamido Complexes.
Kaneko H, Nagae H, Tsurugi H, Mashima K.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22059504
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Catalytic, Enantioselective Intramolecular Hydroamination of Primary Amines Tethered to Di- and Tri-substituted Alkenes.
Chapurina Y, Ibrahim H, Guillot R, Kolodziej E, Collin J, Trifonov A, Schulz E, Hannedouche J.
J Org Chem. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22059438
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Size effect of endohedral cluster on fullerene cage: Preparation and structural studies of Y(3)N@C(78)-C(2).
Ma Y, Wang T, Wu J, Feng Y, Xu W, Jiang L, Zheng J, Shu C, Wang C.
Nanoscale. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22057827
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
MDCT Necrosis Quantification in the Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Response to Yttrium 90 Radioembolization Therapy: Comparison of Two-dimensional and Volumetric Techniques.
Galizia MS, Töre HG, Chalian H, McCarthy R, Salem R, Yaghmai V.
Acad Radiol. 2011 Nov 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22054801
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Q-switched laser treatment of amiodarone pigmentation.
Bernstein EF.
J Drugs Dermatol. 2011 Nov 1;10(11):1316-9.
PMID:
22052315
[PubMed - in process]
Ionic liquid mediated routes to polydentate oxygen-donor adducts of cerium(iii) bromide.
Vasudevan KV, Smith NA, Scott BL, Bennett BL, Muenchausen RE, Gordon JC.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22193947
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Selected Trace Elements in the Sacramento River, California: Occurrence and Distribution.
Taylor HE, Antweiler RC, Roth DA, Alpers CN, Dileanis P.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22193863
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electrooxidation of nitrite on a silica-cerium mixed oxide carbon paste electrode.
Silveira G, Morais AD, Villis PC, Maroneze CM, Gushikem Y, Lucho AM, Pissetti FL.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 Dec 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22192596
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ceria-engineered nanomaterial distribution in, and clearance from, blood: size matters.
Dan M, Wu P, Grulke EA, Graham UM, Unrine JM, Yokel RA.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2012 Jan;7(1):95-110.
PMID:
22191779
[PubMed - in process]
Effect of Ce(3+) on soluble microbial products production in anaerobic granular sludge digestion.
Fu B, Liang R, Xia Q, Ding L, Xu K, Ren H.
Water Sci Technol. 2011;64(7):1459-65.
PMID:
22179643
[PubMed - in process]
[Removal of gaseous elemental mercury over cerium doped low vanadium loading V2O5-WO3/TiO2 in simulated coal-fired flue gas].
Wan Q, Duan L, He KB, Chen L, Li JH.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2011 Sep;32(9):2800-4. Chinese.
PMID:
22165254
[PubMed - in process]
Operando DRIFTS study of the redox and catalytic properties of CuO/Ce(1-x)Tb(x)O(2-d) (x = 0-0.5) catalysts: evidence of an induction step during CO oxidation.
Martínez-Arias A, Hungría AB, Fernández-García M, Iglesias-Juez A, Soria J, Conesa JC, Anderson JA, Munuera G.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22159154
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Classical oxidant induced chemiluminescence of fluorescent carbon dots.
Lin Z, Xue W, Chen H, Lin JM.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22158939
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Gamma-ray fast-timing coincidence measurements from the (18)O+(18)O fusion-evaporation reaction using a mixed LaBr(3)-HPGe array.
Alharbi T, Mason PJ, Regan PH, Podolyák Z, Marginean N, Nakhostin M, Bowry M, Bucurescu D, Cata-Danil G, Cata-Danil I, Deleanu D, Filipescu D, Glodariu T, Ghita D, Marginean R, Mihai C, Negret A, Pascu S, Sava T, Stroe L, Suliman G, Zamfir NV, Bruce AM, Rodriguez Triguero C, Bender PC, Garg U, Erduran MN, Kusoglu A, Bostan M, Detistov P, Alkhomashi N, Sinha AK, Chakrabarti R, Ghugre SS.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 Dec 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22154387
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Cationic Surface Reconstructions on Cerium Oxide Nanocrystals: An Aberration Corrected HRTEM Study.
Bhatta UM, Ross IM, Sayle TX, Sayle DC, Parker SC, Reid D, Seal S, Kumar A, Moebus G.
ACS Nano. 2011 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22148265
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
In-house SAD phasing with surface-bound cerium ions.
Vennila KN, Velmurugan D.
Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):1662-5. Epub 2011 Nov 25.
PMID:
22139192
[PubMed - in process]
High concentrations of cadmium, cerium and lanthanum in indoor air due to environmental tobacco smoke.
Böhlandt A, Schierl R, Diemer J, Koch C, Bolte G, Kiranoglu M, Fromme H, Nowak D.
Sci Total Environ. 2011 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22137652
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A cholesterol and actinide dependent shadow biosphere of archaea and viroids in autoimmune diseases.
Kurup R, Kurup PA.
Immunobiology. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22137029
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
On the interaction of Mg with the (111) and (110) surfaces of ceria.
Nolan M, Lykhach Y, Tsud N, Skála T, Staudt T, Prince KC, Matolín V, Libuda J.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Dec 14;14(3):1293-301. Epub 2011 Dec 1.
PMID:
22134463
[PubMed - in process]
Measurement of redox potential in nanoecotoxicological investigations.
Tantra R, Cackett A, Peck R, Gohil D, Snowden J.
J Toxicol. 2012;2012:270651. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
PMID:
22131988
[PubMed - in process]
In situ characterization of Pt catalysts supported on ceria modified TiO(2) for the WGS reaction: influence of ceria loading.
Barrio L, Zhou G, González ID, Estrella M, Hanson J, Rodriguez JA, Navarro RM, Fierro JL.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22130010
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The oxidation state of Hadean magmas and implications for early Earth's atmosphere.
Trail D, Watson EB, Tailby ND.
Nature. 2011 Nov 30;480(7375):79-82. doi: 10.1038/nature10655.
PMID:
22129728
[PubMed - in process]
Preparation methods and thermal stability of Ba-Mn-Ce oxide catalyst for NO(x)-assisted soot oxidation.
Wu X, Lin F, Wang L, Weng D, Zhou Z.
J Environ Sci (China). 2011;23(7):1205-10.
PMID:
22125916
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The oxidative degradation of dibenzoazepine derivatives by cerium(iv) complexes in acidic sulfate media.
Wisniewska J, Wrzeszcz G, Kurzawa M, van Eldik R.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Nov 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22124379
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effect of support size on the catalytic activity of metal-oxide-doped silica particles in the glycolysis of polyethylene terephthalate.
Wi R, Imran M, Lee KG, Yoon SH, Cho BG, Kim do H.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Jul;11(7):6544-9.
PMID:
22121753
[PubMed - in process]
American Elements specializes in producing yttria doped ceria (YDC), cerium oxide stabilized by various doping 
levels of yttrium oxide, a material that upon firing forms a highly ionically conductive thin film electrolyte layer for use in solid oxide fuel cell electrochemistry structures. Yttrium Oxide doped Ceria belongs to a class of doped Ceria compounds with ionic conductivity exceeding Yttria stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes. These include Samarium doped Ceria (SDC) and Gadolinium doped Ceria (GDC). Even higher conductivity can be achieved with American Elements Scandia doped Zirconia (SCZ) and Yttria doped Bismuth Oxide. Yttrium Oxide doped Cerium Oxide is available in a powder for tape casting, air spray, extrusion and sputtering fuel cell applications and as an ink for screen printing. Yttria doping levels are available at 10% and 20% and as specified by customer. American Elements provides guidance on firing parameters, doping levels, and thermal expansion matching with American Elements' cathode and anode cell layers.
Cerium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Cerium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f2 6s2. In its elemental form cerium's CAS number is 7440-45-1. The cerium atom has a radius of 182.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 181.pm. Cerium is moderately toxic. Cerium is one of the products manufactured and distributed under the tradename AE Rare Earths. Cerium is the most abundant of the rare earths metals. It is characterized chemically by having two valence states , the +3 cerous and +4 ceric states. The ceric state is the only non-trivalent rare earth ion stable in aqueous
solutions.It is, therefore,
strongly acidic and moderately toxic. It is also a strong oxidizer.The cerous state closely resembles the other trivalent rare earths. The numerous commercial applications for cerium include metallurgy, glass and glass polishing, ceramics, catalysts, as the electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells when doped with yttrium, gadolinium or samarium and in phosphors. In steel manufacturing it is used to remove free oxygen and sulfur by forming stable oxysulfides and by tying up undesirable trace elements, such as lead and antimony. It is considered to be the most efficient glass polishing agent for precision optical polishing. It is also used to decolor glass by keeping iron in its ferrous state. The ability of cerium-doped glass to block out ultra violet light is utilized in the manufacturing of medical glassware and aerospace windows. It is also used to prevent polymers from darkening in sunlight and to suppress discoloration of television glass.
Cerium was first discovered by W. von Hisinger in 1903. The element was named after the asteroid Ceres. See Cerium research below.
Yttrium is a Block D, Group 3, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Yttrium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d1 5s2. In its elemental form Yttrium's CAS number is 7440-65-5. The yttrium atom has a radius of 177.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Insoluble compounds of Yttrium are non-toxic, although water soluble compounds are somewhat toxic. Yttrium has the highest thermo-dynamic affinity for oxygen of any element. This characteristic is the basis for many of its applications. While not part of the rare earth series, it resembles the heavy rare earths which are sometimes referred to as the “yttrics” for this reason. Another unique characteristic derives from its ability to form crystals with useful properties. 
Yttrium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as
submicron and nanopowder. Some of the many applications of yttrium include in ceramics for crucibles for molten reactive metals, in florescent lighting phosphors, computer displays and automotive fuel consumption sensors.Yttria stabilized zirconium oxide are used in high temperature applications, such as in thermal plasma sprays to protect aerospace high temperature surfaces and as an electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. The name Yttrium originated from a Swedish village near Vaxholm called Yttbery where Yttrium was discovered. Crystals of the yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) variety are essential to microwave communication equipment. The phosphor Eu:Y2O2S creates the red color in televisions. Crystals of the yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) variety are utilized with neodymium in a number of laser applications. Yttria can also increase the strength of metallic alloys. Yttrium was first discovered by Johann Gadolin in 1794. See Yttrium research below.
