See research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Yttrium Phosphide Sputtering Targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Yttrium as disc, granules, ingot, oxide pellets, oxide pieces, oxide powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Yttrium is a Block D, Group 3, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Yttrium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d1 5s2. In its elemental form Yttrium's CAS number is 7440-65-5. The yttrium atom has a radius of 177.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Insoluble compounds of Yttrium are non-toxic, although water soluble compounds are somewhat toxic. Yttrium has the highest thermo-dynamic affinity for oxygen of any element. This characteristic is the basis for many of its applications. Yttrium is not found in nature as a free element and is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals. While not part of the rare earth series, it resembles the heavy rare earths which are sometimes referred to as the "yttrics" for this reason. Another unique characteristic derives from its ability to form crystals with useful properties. Yttrium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds assubmicron and nanopowder. Some of the many applications of yttrium include in ceramics for crucibles for molten reactive metals, in florescent lighting phosphors, computer displays and automotive fuel consumption sensors.Yttria stabilized zirconium oxide are used in high temperature applications, such as in thermal plasma sprays to protect aerospace high temperature surfaces and as an electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. The name Yttrium originated from a Swedish village near Vaxholm called Yttbery where Yttrium was discovered. Crystals of the yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) variety are essential to microwave communication equipment. The phosphor Eu:Y2O2S creates the red color in televisions. Crystals of the yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) variety are utilized with neodymium in a number of laser applications. Yttria can also increase the strength of metallic alloys. Yttrium was first discovered by Johann Gadolin in 1794. See Yttrium research below.See Yttrium research below.
Phosphorus is a Block P, Group 15, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Phosphorus's shells is 2, 8, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p3. In its elemental form Phosphorus's CAS number is 7723-14-0. The Phosphorus atom has a radius of 110.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180.pm. Although white phosphorus is very toxic, red phosphorus is not considered toxic. Phosphorus information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Bis(?(2)-2-phen-oxy-propionato-?O:O')bis-[(1,10-phenanthroline-?N,N')bis-(2-phen-oxy-propionato-?O,O')ytterbium(III)].
Shen JB, Liu JL, Zhao GL.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):m1361. Epub 2011 Sep 14.
PMID:
22058692
[PubMed]
"Covalency in the 4f Shell of tris-cyclopentadienyl Ytterbium (YbCp3) - a Spectroscopic Evaluation."
Denning RG, Harmer JR, Green JC, Irwin M.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22053917
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Fingermark detection on non-porous and semi-porous surfaces using YVO(4):Er,Yb luminescent upconverting particles.
Ma R, Shimmon R, McDonagh A, Maynard P, Lennard C, Roux C.
Forensic Sci Int. 2011 Oct 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22047749
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Supramolecular Ytterbium(III)-Aqua Complex Featuring Infinite Stacks of C?C Bonds for Photocycloaddition Reactions.
Komori-Orisaku K, Yamashita S, Isozaki T, Sugiura K, Koide Y.
Chemistry. 2011 Oct 21. doi: 10.1002/chem.201102292. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22021148
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Label-free in vivo fiber-based optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy.
Hajireza P, Shi W, Zemp RJ.
Opt Lett. 2011 Oct 15;36(20):4107-9. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.004107.
PMID:
22002401
[PubMed - in process]
Energy transfer and enhanced 1.54 ?m emission in Erbium-Ytterbium disilicate thin films.
Miritello M, Cardile P, Lo Savio R, Priolo F.
Opt Express. 2011 Oct 10;19(21):20761-72. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.020761.
PMID:
21997086
[PubMed - in process]
Photo darkening of rare earth doped silica.
Mattsson KE.
Opt Express. 2011 Oct 10;19(21):19797-812. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.019797.
PMID:
21996988
[PubMed - in process]
Beam quality and noise properties of coherently combined ytterbium doped single frequency fiber amplifiers.
Tünnermann H, Pöld JH, Neumann J, Kracht D, Willke B, Wessels P.
Opt Express. 2011 Sep 26;19(20):19600-6. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.019600.
PMID:
21996901
[PubMed - in process]
p-Wave Cold Collisions in an Optical Lattice Clock.
Lemke ND, von Stecher J, Sherman JA, Rey AM, Oates CW, Ludlow AD.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Sep 2;107(10):103902. Epub 2011 Aug 30.
PMID:
21981504
[PubMed - in process]
Mode-locked 0.5 ?J fiber laser at 976 nm.
Lhermite J, Lecaplain C, Machinet G, Royon R, Hideur A, Cormier E.
Opt Lett. 2011 Oct 1;36(19):3819-21. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.003819.
PMID:
21964108
[PubMed - in process]
Acid-responsive microcapsules: the loading-unloading processes.
Samanta D, Sankar RM, Jaisankar SN, Alam MS, Mandal AB.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Oct 25;47(43):11975-7. Epub 2011 Sep 30.
PMID:
21963934
[PubMed - in process]
Electrochemical spectroscopic investigations on the interaction of an ytterbium complex with DNA and their analytical applications such as biosensor.
Ilkhani H, Ganjali MR, Arvand M, Hejazi MS, Azimi F, Norouzi P.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2011 Dec 1;49(5):1117-23. Epub 2011 Sep 16.
PMID:
21939686
[PubMed - in process]
A family of 13 tetranuclear zinc(ii)-lanthanide(iii) complexes of a [3 + 3] Schiff-base macrocycle derived from 1,4-diformyl-2,3-dihydroxybenzene.
Feltham HL, Klöwer F, Cameron SA, Larsen DS, Lan Y, Tropiano M, Faulkner S, Powell AK, Brooker S.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Oct 25;40(43):11425-32. Epub 2011 Sep 21.
PMID:
21935549
[PubMed - in process]
Generation of 578-nm yellow light over 10 mW by second harmonic generation of an 1156-nm external-cavity diode laser.
Lee WK, Park CY, Yu DH, Park SE, Lee SB, Kwon TY.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 29;19(18):17453-61. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.017453.
PMID:
21935111
[PubMed - in process]
In vivo near-realtime volumetric optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy using a high-repetition-rate nanosecond fiber-laser.
Shi W, Hajireza P, Shao P, Forbrich A, Zemp RJ.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 29;19(18):17143-50. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.017143.
PMID:
21935076
[PubMed - in process]
Self-referenceable frequency comb from a gigahertz diode-pumped solid-state laser.
Pekarek S, Südmeyer T, Lecomte S, Kundermann S, Dudley JM, Keller U.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 15;19(17):16491-7. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.016491.
PMID:
21935013
[PubMed - in process]
Thermal effects in kilowatt all-fiber MOPA.
Fan Y, He B, Zhou J, Zheng J, Liu H, Wei Y, Dong J, Lou Q.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 1;19(16):15162-72. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.015162.
PMID:
21934878
[PubMed - in process]
Background-free broadband CARS spectroscopy from a 1-MHz ytterbium laser.
Kumar V, Osellame R, Ramponi R, Cerullo G, Marangoni M.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 1;19(16):15143-8. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.015143.
PMID:
21934875
[PubMed - in process]
Fabrication and characterization of new Yb-doped zirconia-germano-alumino silicate phase-separated nano-particles based fibers.
Kir'yanov AV, Paul MC, Barmenkov YO, Das S, Pal M, Bhadra SK, Zarate LE, Guzman-Chavez AD.
Opt Express. 2011 Aug 1;19(16):14823-37. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.014823.
PMID:
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[PubMed - in process]
White emission of lithium ytterbium tetraphosphate nanocrystals.
Strek W, Marciniak L, Bednarkiewicz A, Lukowiak A, Wiglusz R, Hreniak D.
Opt Express. 2011 Jul 18;19(15):14083-92. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.014083.
PMID:
21934770
[PubMed - in process]
Recent Research & Development for Phosphorus
Consumption of whole
grains is associated with improved diet quality and nutrient intake in children
and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004.
O'Neil CE, Nicklas TA, Zanovec M, Cho SS, Kleinman R. Public Health Nutr. 2010 Oct 6:1-9. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20923597.
Chemical and microbiological changes during
vermicomposting of coffee pulp using exotic (Eudrilus eugeniae) and native
earthworm (Perionyx ceylanesis) species. Raphael K, Velmourougane K. Biodegradation. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead
of print] PubMed PMID: 20922463.
Synthesis, structure,
and reductive elimination in the series Tp'Rh(PR(3))(Ar(F))H; Determination of
rhodium-carbon bond energies of fluoroaryl substituents. Tanabe T, Brennessel WW, Clot E, Eisenstein O, Jones WD. Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct
5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20924525.
Nutrient concentrations in Maryland non-tidal
streams. Morgan RP 2nd, Kline KM. Environ Monit Assess. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20890788.
Hereditary disorders of renal
phosphate wasting. Alizadeh Naderi AS, Reilly RF; Medscape. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20924400.
New Synthesis of 3-Trifluoromethylpyrroles by
Condensation of Mesoionic 4-Trifluoroacetyl-1,3-oxazolium-5-olates with
Phosphorus Ylides. Saijo R, Hagimoto Y, Kawase M. Org Lett. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20923166.
Structural and electronic properties of
luminescent copper(i) halide complexes of bis[2-(diphenylphosphano)phenyl] ether
(DPEphos). Crystal structure of [CuCl(DPEphos)(dmpymtH]. Aslanidis P, Cox PJ, Tsipis AC. Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct
4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20922239.
Changes in
Microbial Community Structure and Function of Drinking Water Treatment
Bioreactors Upon Phosphorus Addition. Li X, Upadhyaya G, Yuen W, Brown J, Morgenroth E, Raskin L. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20889793.
Determination of a set
of surrogate parameters to assess urban stormwater quality. Miguntanna NS, Egodawatta P, Kokot S, Goonetilleke A. Sci Total Environ.
2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20888615.
A review on the effects of environmental conditions on growth and toxin
production of Ostreopsis ovata. Pistocchi R, Pezzolesi L, Guerrini F, Vanucci S, Dell'aversano C, Fattorusso
E. Toxicon. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20920514.
Tenofovir-associated severe bone pain: I cannot walk! Jhaveri MA, Mawad HW, Thornton AC, Mullen NW, Greenberg RN. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS
Care (Chic Ill). 2010 Sep-Oct;9(5):328-34. PubMed PMID: 20923957.
Characteristics of contaminants in water and
sediment of a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater effluent. Lee S, Maniquiz MC, Kim LH. J Environ
Sci (China). 2010;22(6):940-5. PubMed PMID: 20923110.
Effect of a seasonal diffuse pollution migration on
natural organic matter behavior in a stratified dam reservoir. Yu SJ, Lee JY, Ha SR. J Environ Sci
(China). 2010;22(6):908-14. PubMed PMID: 20923105.
Water-saving
irrigation of paddy field to reduce nutrient runoff. Hitomi T, Iwamoto Y, Miura A, Hamada K, Takaki K, Shiratani E. J Environ Sci (China).
2010;22(6):885-91. PubMed PMID: 20923101.
Scenario
analysis for reduction of pollutant load discharged from a watershed by recycling
of treated water for irrigation. Shiratani E, Munakata Y, Yoshinaga I, Kubota T, Hamada K, Hitomi T. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):878-84. PubMed
PMID: 20923100.
Modeling the effects of constructed wetland
on nonpoint source pollution control and reservoir water quality improvement. Ham J, Yoon CG, Kim HJ, Kim HC. J
Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):834-9. PubMed PMID: 20923093.
Evaluation of non-point source
pollution reduction by applying best management practices using a SWAT model and
QuickBird high resolution satellite imagery. Lee M, Park G, Park M, Park J, Lee J, Kim S. J Environ Sci (China).
2010;22(6):826-33. PubMed PMID: 20923092.
Understanding nutrient
build-up on urban road surfaces. Miguntanna NP, Goonetilleke A, Egodowatta P, Kokot S. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):806-12. PubMed
PMID: 20923089.
Monitoring of non-point source pollutants
load from a mixed forest land use. Yoon SW, Chung SW, Oh DG, Lee JW. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):801-5.
PubMed PMID: 20923088.