Yttrium Prisms

High Purity Y Prisms
CAS 7440-65-5


Product Product Code Order or Specifications
(2N) 99% Yttrium Prisms Y-M-02-PR Contact American Elements
(2N5) 99.5% Yttrium Prisms Y-M-025-PR Contact American Elements
(3N) 99.9% Yttrium Prisms Y-M-03-PR Contact American Elements
(3N5) 99.95% Yttrium Prisms Y-M-035-PR Contact American Elements
(4N) 99.99% Yttrium Prisms Y-M-04-PR Contact American Elements
(5N) 99.999% Yttrium Prisms Y-M-05-PR Contact American Elements

CHEMICAL
IDENTIFIER		 Formula CAS No. PubChem SID PubChem CID MDL No. EC No Beilstein
Re. No.		 SMILES
Identifier 		InChI
Identifier		 InChI
Key
Y 7440-65-5 24855941 23993 MFCD00011468  231-174-8 N/A [Y] InChI=1S/Y VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

PROPERTIES Mol. Wt. Appearance Density Tensile Strength Melting Point Boiling Point Thermal Conductivity Electrical Resistivity Eletronegativity Specific Heat Heat of Vaporization Heat of Fusion MSDS
88.91 Silvery 4472 kg/m³ 67 MPa 1526 °C 3336 °C 0.172 W/cm/K @ 298.2 K  57.0 microhm-cm @ °C 1.3 Paulings  0.068 Cal/g/K @ 25 °C 93 K-Cal/gm atom at 3338 °C 4.10 Cal/gm mole  Safety Data Sheet

See research below. American Elements specializes in producing Yttrium as flat irregularly shaped pieces of material in a varying range of sizes. Most flakes/prisms are produced from cast Ingots for use in coating and thin film Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Organometallic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) for specific applications such as fuel cells and solar energy. Thickness can range from 0.003" to approximately 2mm for all metals. Some metals can also be rolled down as thin as 0.001” for use as an evaporation source in microelectronics, optics, magnetics, MEMS, and hard resistant coatings. Piece sizes are available up to approximately 7" maximum width. Maximum lengths of about 20" can be obtained with a nominal thickness between about 0.005" and 0.020" for thin film deposition on glass or metal substrates. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes such as nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and in the form of solutions and organometallics. We also produce Yttrium as rods, powder and plates. Other shapes are available by request.

Yttrium(Y) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolYttrium is a Block D, Group 3, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Yttrium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d1 5s2. In its elemental form Yttrium's CAS number is 7440-65-5. The yttrium atom has a radius of 177.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Insoluble compounds of Yttrium are non-toxic, although water soluble compounds are somewhat toxic. Yttrium has the highest thermo-dynamic affinity for oxygen of any element. This characteristic is the basis for many of its applications. Yttrium is not found in nature as a free element and is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals. While not part of the rare earth series, it resembles the heavy rare earths which are sometimes referred to as the "yttrics" for this reason. Another unique characteristic derives from its ability to form crystals with useful properties. Yttrium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as Yttrium Bohr Model submicron and nanopowder. Some of the many applications of yttrium include in ceramics for crucibles for molten reactive metals, in florescent lighting phosphors, computer displays and automotive fuel consumption sensors.Yttria stabilized Elemental Yttriumzirconium oxide are used in high temperature applications, such as in thermal plasma sprays to protect aerospace high temperature surfaces and as an electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. Argonne National Laboratory researchers recently discovered that Yttrium Oxide (Y2O3) in nanometer-sized particles undergoes a definite phase transition under pressure that results in characteristics quite different from bulk Yttrium Oxide (Y2O3). This finding has important implications for the use of Yttrium Oxide as a nanomaterial. The name Yttrium originated from a Swedish village near Vaxholm called Yttbery where Yttrium was discovered. Crystals of the yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) variety are essential to microwave communication equipment. The phosphor Eu:Y2O2S creates the red color in televisions. Crystals of the yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) variety are utilized with neodymium in a number of laser applications. Yttria can also increase the strength of metallic alloys. Yttrium was first discovered by Johann Gadolin in 1794. See Yttrium research below.

HEALTH, SAFETY & TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
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CUSTOMERS FOR YTTRIUM PRISMS HAVE ALSO LOOKED AT
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Show Me MORE Forms of Yttrium

PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.


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Recent Research & Development for Yttrium

  • Surface Modification of a Polyimide Gate Insulator with an Yttrium Oxide Interlayer for Aqueous-Solution-Processed ZnO Thin-Film Transistors. Jang KS, Wee D, Kim YH, Kim J, Ahn T, Ka JW, Yi MH. Langmuir. 2013 Jun 3.
  • Temporary balloon occlusion of the common hepatic artery for yttrium-90 glass microspheres administration in a patient with hepatocellular cancer and renal insufficiency. Smith J, Murthy R, Lahoti A, Odisio B, Avritscher R, Chasen B, Mahvash A. Case Rep Radiol. 2013;2013:560758. doi: 10.1155/2013/560758.
  • Antiapoptotic effects of cerium oxide and yttrium oxide nanoparticles in isolated rat pancreatic islets. Hosseini A, Baeeri M, Rahimifard M, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Mohammadirad A, Pourkhalili N, Hassani S, Kamali M, Abdollahi M. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2013 May;32(5):544-53. doi: 10.1177/0960327112468175.
  • Efficacy of 90 Yttrium-ibritumomab tiuxetan in relapsed/refractory extranodal marginal-zone lymphoma. Vanazzi A, Grana C, Crosta C, Pruneri G, Rizzo S, Radice D, Pinto A, Calabrese L, Paganelli G, Martinelli G. Hematol Oncol. 2013 May 20. doi: 10.1002/hon.2078.
  • Comparative effectiveness of nonpurpuragenic 595-nm pulsed dye laser and microsecond 1064-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser for treatment of diffuse facial erythema: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Alam M, Voravutinon N, Warycha M, Whiting D, Nodzenski M, Yoo S, West DP, Veledar E, Poon E. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013 May 17. doi:pii: S0190-9622(13)00400-3. 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.04.015.
  • Octacoordinate metal carbonyls of scandium and yttrium: theoretical calculations and experimental observation. Xing X, Wang J, Xie H, Liu Z, Qin Z, Zhao L, Tang Z. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2013 Jun 30;27(12):1403-9. doi: 10.1002/rcm.6573.
  • Comparison of the effect of hand instruments, an ultrasonic scaler, and an erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser on root surface roughness of teeth with periodontitis: a profilometer study. Amid R, Kadkhodazadeh M, Fekrazad R, Hajizadeh F, Ghafoori A. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2013 Apr;43(2):101-5. doi: 10.5051/jpis.2013.43.2.101.
  • Structure and dynamics in yttrium-based molten rare earth alkali fluorides. Levesque M, Sarou-Kanian V, Salanne M, Gobet M, Groult H, Bessada C, Madden PA, Rollet AL. J Chem Phys. 2013 May 14;138(18):184503. doi: 10.1063/1.4802986.
  • Proton trapping in yttrium-doped barium zirconate. Yamazaki Y, Blanc F, Okuyama Y, Buannic L, Lucio-Vega JC, Grey CP, Haile SM. Nat Mater. 2013 May 12. doi: 10.1038/nmat3638.
  • Initial Outcome After Selective Intraarterial Radionuclide Therapy with Yttrium-90 Microspheres as Salvage Therapy for Unresectable Metastatic Liver Disease. Turkmen C, Ucar A, Poyanli A, Vatankulu B, Ozkan G, Basaran M, Serin K, Sanli Y, Adalet I. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2013 May 6.
  • Preparation and characterization of nanodispersions of yttria, yttrium aluminium garnet and lutetium aluminium garnet. Bredol M, Micior J. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2013 Jul 15;402:27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.03.060.
  • A phase i trial of immunostimulatory CpG 7909 oligodeoxynucleotide and 90 yttrium ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy for relapsed B-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma. Witzig TE, Wiseman GA, Maurer MJ, Habermann TM, Micallef IN, Nowakowski GS, Ansell SM, Colgan JP, Inwards DJ, Porrata LF, Link BK, Zent CS, Johnston PB, Shanafelt TD, Allmer C, Asmann YW, Gupta M, Ballas ZK, Smith BJ, Weiner GJ. Am J Hematol. 2013 Apr 26. doi: 10.1002/ajh.23460.
  • Treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: the emerging role for radioembolization using yttrium-90. Lau WY, Sangro B, Chen PJ, Cheng SQ, Chow P, Lee RC, Leung T, Han KH, Poon RT. Oncology. 2013;84(5):311-8. doi: 10.1159/000348325.
  • Treatment of urethral/bladder neck stricture after high-intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer with holmium: yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser. Cho WJ, Kim TH, Lee HS, Chung JW, Lee HN, Lee KS. Int Neurourol J. 2013 Mar;17(1):24-9. doi: 10.5213/inj.2013.17.1.24.
  • Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Safety, Response, and Survival Analysis. Mouli S, Memon K, Baker T, Benson AB 3rd, Mulcahy MF, Gupta R, Ryu RK, Salem R, Lewandowski RJ. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2013 Apr 18. doi:pii: S1051-0443(13)00719-7. 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.02.031.
  • Growth and characterization of a novel nonlinear optical borate crystal - Yttrium calcium borate (YCB). Arun Kumar R, Arivanandhan M, Dhanasekaran R, Hayakawa Y. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2013 Jun;110:391-4. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.069.
  • Prospective Comparison of Hydrogel-coated Microcoils versus Fibered Platinum Microcoils in the Prophylactic Embolization of the Gastroduodenal Artery before Yttrium-90 Radioembolization. Maleux G, Deroose C, Fieuws S, Van Cutsem E, Heye S, Bosmans H, Verslype C. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2013 Jun;24(6):797-803. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.01.503.
  • Consolidation treatment with Yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan after a new induction regimen in intermediate and high-risk follicular lymphoma patients according to the follicular lymphoma international prognostic index (FLIPI): A multicenter, prospective Phase II trial of Spanish Lymphoma Oncology Group. Provencio M, Cruz Mora MA, Gómez Codina J, Quero Blanco C, Llanos M, García Arroyo FR, De la Cruz L, Gumá Padró J, Delgado Pérez JR, Sánchez A, Alvarez Cabellos R, Rueda A; On behalf of the GOTEL (Spanish Lymphoma Oncology Group). Leuk Lymphoma. 2013 Apr 11.
  • Basophilic Round Bodies in Gastritic Biopsies Little Known by Pathologists: Iatrogenic Yttrium 90 Microspheres Deriving From Selective Internal Radiation Therapy. Luo DL, Chan JK. Int J Surg Pathol. 2013 Apr 17.
  • Single-Treatment Resolution of Vascular Blebs Within Port Wine Stains Using a Novel 1,064-nm Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser. Brauer JA, Geronemus RG. Dermatol Surg. 2013 Apr 5. doi: 10.1111/dsu.12207.