Zinc Indium Tellurium Granule is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Zinc is a Block D, Group 12, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Zinc's shells is 2, 8, 18, 2, and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2. In its elemental form zinc's CAS number is 7440-66-6. The zinc atom has a radius of 133.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 139.pm. Combined with other elements as ores, Zinc is found in nature. Zinc is considered non-toxicin healthy doses but can cause nausea if taken in excess. Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous metal which we produce in Special High Grade (SHG) purities. It is brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable at 100 to 150 o C. It is a fair conductor of electricity, and burns in air at high red heat with evolution of white clouds of the oxide. It has unusual electrical, thermal, optical, and solid-state properties that have not been fully investigated. The metal is employed to form numerous alloys with other metals. Brass, nickel, silver, commercial bronze, soft solder, and aluminum solder are some of the more important alloys. Large quantities of zinc are used to produce die castings, which are used extensively by the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. Zinc is also used extensively togalvanize other metals such as iron to prevent corrosion. Zinc oxide is widely used in the manufacture of paints, rubber products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, floor coverings, plastics, printing inks, soap, storage batteries, textiles, electrical equipment, and other products. Zinc sulfide is used in making luminous dials, X-ray and TV screens, and fluorescent lights The chloride and chromate are also important compounds. Zinc is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Zinc was first discovered by Andreas Marggraf in 1746. The element name Zinc originates from the German word "zin" meaning tin. See Zinc research below.
Indium is a Block P, Group 13, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Indium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1. In its elemental form indium's CAS number is 7440-74-6. The indium atom has a radius of 162.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 193.pm. Indium is only slightly toxic. Indium has found application in semi-conductor materials and other electronic applications. It is used to make low-melting alloys, such as an alloy of 24% indium - 76% Indium is liquid at room temperature. It is used in making bearing alloys, germanium transistors, rectifiers, and photoconductors. It can be plated onto metal and evaporated onto glass, forming a mirror as good as that made with silver but with more resistance to atmospheric corrosion. Indium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Indium is also used in various metal alloys (See AE Alloys). Indium was first discovered by Ferdinand Reich in 1863. See Indium research below.
Tellurium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Tellurium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4. In its elemental form tellurium's CAS number is 13494-80-9. The tellurium atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 206.pm. Tellurium is a p-type semiconductor, and shows greater conductivity in certain directions, depending on alignment of the atoms. It is grown in crystalline form with other elements such as indium telluride. Its conductivity increases slightly with exposure to light which makes many tellurides candidates for solar energyapplications. Tellurium improves the machinability of copper and stainless steel, and its addition to lead decreases the corrosive action of sulfuric acid on lead and improves its strength and hardness. Tellurium is used as a basic ingredient in blasting caps, and is added to cast iron for chill control. Tellurium is used in ceramics. Bismuth telluride has been used in thermoelectric devices. Iron is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Tellurium was first discovered by Franz Muller von Reichenstein in 1782. The name Tellurium originates from the Greek word 'Tellus' meaning Earth. See Tellurium research below.
The PHD Finger of Human UHRF1 Reveals a New Subgroup of Unmethylated Histone H3 Tail Readers.
Lallous N, Legrand P, McEwen AG, Ramón-Maiques S, Samama JP, Birck C.
PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27599. Epub 2011 Nov 11.
PMID:
22096602
[PubMed - in process]
The Pharmacological Mechanism of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibition by Green Tea, Rooibos and Enalaprilat - A Study on Enzyme Kinetics.
Persson IA.
Phytother Res. 2011 Sep 8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3588. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095883
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Chiral Nanoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks with High Porosity as Materials for Drug Delivery.
Sun CY, Qin C, Wang CG, Su ZM, Wang S, Wang XL, Yang GS, Shao KZ, Lan YQ, Wang EB.
Adv Mater. 2011 Nov 18. doi: 10.1002/adma.201102538. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095878
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Supramolecular Inclusion Complexes of Two Cyclic Zinc Bisporphyrins with C(60) and C(70) : Structural, Thermodynamic, and Photophysical Characterization.
Hernández-Eguía LP, Escudero-Adán EC, Pintre IC, Ventura B, Flamigni L, Ballester P.
Chemistry. 2011 Nov 17. doi: 10.1002/chem.201101511. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095593
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Clinical significance of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in human gastric cancer.
Okugawa Y, Toiyama Y, Tanaka K, Matsusita K, Fujikawa H, Saigusa S, Ohi M, Inoue Y, Mohri Y, Uchida K, Kusunoki M.
J Surg Oncol. 2011 Nov 17. doi: 10.1002/jso.22142. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095522
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Convenient photooxidation of alcohols using dye sensitised zinc oxide in combination with silver nitrate and TEMPO.
Jeena V, Robinson RS.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095311
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Controlled delivery of basal level of insulin from chitosan-zinc-insulin-complex-loaded thermosensitive copolymer.
Oak M, Singh J.
J Pharm Sci. 2011 Nov 17. doi: 10.1002/jps.22823. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095295
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
An important minority of prediabetic first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients derives from seroconversion to persistent autoantibody positivity after 10 years of age.
Vermeulen I, Weets I, Costa O, Asanghanwa M, Verhaeghen K, Decochez K, Ruige J, Casteels K, Wenzlau J, Hutton JC, Pipeleers DG, Gorus FK; the Belgian Diabetes Registry.
Diabetologia. 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095238
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Comparative kinome analysis to identify putative colon tumor biomarkers.
Hennig EE, Mikula M, Rubel T, Dadlez M, Ostrowski J.
J Mol Med (Berl). 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095101
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Zinc and the ERK Kinases in the Developing Brain.
Nuttall JR, Oteiza PI.
Neurotox Res. 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095091
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Exploring the microbial metalloproteome using MIRAGE.
Sevcenco AM, Pinkse MW, Wolterbeek HT, Verhaert PD, Hagen WR, Hagedoorn PL.
Metallomics. 2011 Nov 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22094925
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Zinc and Copper Deficiency In The Microvillus Inclusion Disease.
Diamanti A, Basso MS, Candusso M, Panetta F, Gambarara M.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Nov 15. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22094898
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Fortified juice drink improved iron and zinc status of schoolchildren.
Angeles-Agdeppa I, Magsadia CR, Capanzana MV.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(4):535-43.
PMID:
22094838
[PubMed - in process]
In situ kinetic study of zinc sulfide activation using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D).
Teng F, Liu Q, Zeng H.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093872
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Preparation and characterization of cobalt-substituted anthrax lethal factor.
Säbel CE, Carbone R, Dabous JR, Lo SY, Siemann S.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Nov 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093822
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Co-gasification of municipal solid waste and material recovery in a large-scale gasification and melting system.
Tanigaki N, Manako K, Osada M.
Waste Manag. 2011 Nov 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093706
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[The role of heme oxygenase 1 in hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis and mitochondrial trans membrane potential change in rat primary typeII alveolar epithelium cells].
Wu Y, Chen M, Wu S, Wang HM, Qian MJ, Wang YH, Fu XY.
Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2011 Nov;23(11):658-60. Chinese.
PMID:
22093310
[PubMed - in process]
Feed consumption, diet digestibility and mineral utilization in captive blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra) fed different levels of concentrates.
Das A, Katole S, Choubey M, Gupta SP, Saini M, Kumar V, Swarup D.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2011 Nov 17. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01245.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093070
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
An explorative study of non-invasive ultra-weak photon emission and the anti-oxidative influence of oral zinc sulphate in light-sensitive patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.
Petersen AB, Philipsen PA, Wulf HC.
Skin Res Technol. 2011 Nov 16. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00586.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22092997
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Metal-mediated affinity and orientation specificity in a computationally designed protein homodimer.
Der BS, Machius M, Miley MJ, Mills JL, Szyperski TA, Kuhlman B.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Nov 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22092237
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Numerical investigation on the enhanced carrier collection efficiency of Ga-face GaN/InGaN?p-i-n solar cells with polarization compensation interlayers.
Chang JY, Liou BT, Lin HW, Shih YH, Chang SH, Kuo YK.
Opt Lett. 2011 Sep 1;36(17):3500-2. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.003500.
PMID:
21886257
[PubMed - in process]
Calcineurin inhibitor minimization using sirolimus leads to improved renal function in pediatric heart transplant recipients.
Chinnock TJ, Shankel T, Deming D, Cutler D, Sahney S, Fitts J, Chinnock RE.
Pediatr Transplant. 2011 Aug 23. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2011.01566.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21883751
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Measurement of Heterogeneous Reaction Rates: Three Strategies for Controlling Mass Transport and their Application to Indium Mediated Allylations.
Olson IA, Bacon WA, Baez Sosa YY, Delaney KM, Forte SA, Guglielmo MA, Hill AN, Kiesow KH, Langenbacher RE, Xun Y, Young RO, Bowyer WJ.
J Phys Chem A. 2011 Sep 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21882853
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
On the Formation Pathway of CuInSe2 Nanocrystals for Solar Cells.
Kar M, Agrawal R, Hillhouse HW.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Sep 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21879767
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Self-Assembly and Orientation of Hydrogen-Bonded Oligothiophene Polymorphs at Liquid-Membrane-Liquid Interfaces.
Tevis ID, Palmer LC, Herman DJ, Murray IP, Stone DA, Stupp SI.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Aug 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21879723
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Zinc-Blende and Wurtzite Crystal Phase Mixing and Transition in Indium Phosphide Nanowires.
Ikejiri K, Kitauchi Y, Tomioka K, Motohisa J, Fukui T.
Nano Lett. 2011 Aug 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21875079
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Localized surface plasmon resonance interfaces coated with poly[3-(pyrrolyl)carboxylic acid] for histidine-tagged peptide sensing.
Tighilt FZ, Subramanian P, Belhaneche-Bensemra N, Boukherroub R, Gabouze N, Sam S, Szunerits S.
Analyst. 2011 Aug 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21874203
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Indium determination using slotted quartz tube-atom trap-flame atomic absorption spectrometry and interference studies.
Arslan Y, Kendüzler E, Ataman OY.
Talanta. 2011 Sep 30;85(4):1786-91. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
PMID:
21872020
[PubMed - in process]
A label-free immunosensor based on modified mesoporous silica for simultaneous determination of tumor markers.
Lin J, Wei Z, Mao C.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2011 Jul 30. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21871790
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
In Situ metal tip sharpening of scanning probe microscopes.
Yang W, Zhang H, Kim C, Butta N, Liang H, Hemmer PR.
Scanning. 2011 Aug 22. doi: 10.1002/sca.20270. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21866556
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Indium sulfide clusters integrated with 2,2'-bipyridine complexes.
Zhang YP, Zhang X, Mu WQ, Luo W, Bian GQ, Zhu QY, Dai J.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Aug 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21866282
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electronic structure and trilayer growth of indium films on Si(111): a photoemission study.
Liu Y, Miller T, Chiang TC.
J Phys Condens Matter. 2011 Sep 14;23(36):365302. Epub 2011 Aug 25.
PMID:
21865634
[PubMed - in process]
Characterizing the Molecular Order of Phosphonic Acid Self-assembled Monolayers on Indium Tin Oxide Surfaces.
Losego MD, Guske J, Efremenko A, Maria JP, Franzen S.
Langmuir. 2011 Aug 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21863828
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Preparation and Characterization of Mono and Multilayer Films of Polymerizable 1,2 Polybutadiene Using the Langmuir-Blodgett Technique.
Hitrik M, Gutkin V, Lev O, Mandler D.
Langmuir. 2011 Aug 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21863826
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dynamically Modulating the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals.
Garcia G, Buonsanti R, Runnerstrom EL, Mendelsberg RJ, Llordes A, Anders A, Richardson TJ, Milliron DJ.
Nano Lett. 2011 Aug 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21859093
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Growth of CuInSe(2) and In(2)Se(3)/CuInSe(2) Nano-Heterostructures through Solid State Reactions.
Hsin CL, Lee WF, Huang CT, Huang CW, Wu WW, Chen LJ.
Nano Lett. 2011 Aug 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21859092
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Detection of Surface Antigens on Living Cells through Incorporation of Immunorecognition into the Distinct Positioning of Cells with Positive and Negative Dielectrophoresis.
Hatanaka H, Yasukawa T, Mizutani F.
Anal Chem. 2011 Aug 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21853980
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Development and application of an electrochemiluminescent flow-injection cell based on CdTe quantum dots modified electrode for high sensitive determination of dopamine.
Jinjin Z, Ming C, Caixia Y, Yifeng T.
Analyst. 2011 Aug 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21853173
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electron beam synthesis of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles using metal-organic frameworks as ordered precursors.
Jacobs BW, Houk RJ, Wong BM, Talin AA, Allendorf MD.
Nanotechnology. 2011 Sep 16;22(37):375601. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
PMID:
21852720
[PubMed - in process]
III-Nitride grating grown on freestanding HfO2 gratings.
Wang Y, Wu T, Hu F, Kanamori Y, Zhu H, Hane K.
Nanoscale Res Lett. 2011 Aug 18;6(1):497.
PMID:
21849084
[PubMed - in process]
CsTe(2)O(6-x): Novel Mixed-Valence Tellurium Oxides with Framework-Deficient Pyrochlore-Related Structure.
Siritanon T, Li J, Stalick JK, Macaluso RT, Sleight AW, Subramanian MA.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Jul 27. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21793494
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Isolation and characterization of an environmental cadmium and tellurite resistant Pseudomonas strain.
Chien CC, Jiang MH, Tsai MR, Chien CC.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2011 Jul 15. doi: 10.1002/etc.620. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21766319
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Procedure-Controlled Selective Synthesis of 5-Acyl-2-iminothiazolines and their Selenium and Tellurium Derivatives by Convergent Tandem Annulation.
Wang Y, Zhang WX, Wang Z, Xi Z.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Jul 14. doi: 10.1002/anie.201101948. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21761522
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis, structures and ab initio studies of selenium and tellurium bis(carbodithioates and carbothioates).
Kato S, Tani K, Ishida M, Nonogaki J, Ebihara M, Hayashi S, Nakanishi W, Niyomura O, Ando F, Koketsu J.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Aug 28;40(32):8156-69. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
PMID:
21750832
[PubMed - in process]
Organomercury(ii) and tellurium(ii) compounds with the "pincer" ligand 2,6-[O(CH(2)CH(2))(2)NCH(2)](2)C(6)H(3)- stabilization of an unusual organotellurium(ii) cationic species.
Beleaga A, Bojan VR, Pöllnitz A, Rat CI, Silvestru C.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Jul 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21743935
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tellurium tetrachloride and diphenyl ditelluride cause cytotoxicity in rat hippocampal astrocytes.
Roy S, Hardej D.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Jul 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21742007
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Physical Properties of Thallium-Tellurium Based Thermoelectric Compounds Using First-Principles Simulations.
Tao X, Jund P, Viennois R, Te´denac JC.
J Phys Chem A. 2011 Aug 11;115(31):8761-8766. Epub 2011 Jul 21.
PMID:
21736349
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Assembly of a family of mixed metal {Mo?:?V} polyoxometalates templated by TeO(3)(2-): {Mo(12)V(12)Te(3)}, {Mo(12)V(12)Te(2)} and {Mo(17)V(8)Te}.
Corella-Ochoa MN, Miras HN, Kidd A, Long DL, Cronin L.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Aug 21;47(31):8799-801. Epub 2011 Jul 6.
PMID:
21734990
[PubMed - in process]
Direct growth of tellurium nanorod arrays on Pt/FTO/glass through a surfactant-assisted chemical reduction.
Liu H, Zeng B, Jia F.
Nanotechnology. 2011 Jul 29;22(30):305608. Epub 2011 Jul 1.
PMID:
21719969
[PubMed - in process]
Synthesis and structure of A(4)V(6)[Te(2)(4+)Te(6+)]O(24) (A = K, Rb)-two new quaternary mixed-valent tellurium oxides.
Zhu T, Qin J, Halasyamani PS.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Jun 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21695319
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Liquid-liquid phase transformations and the shape of the melting curve.
Makov G, Yahel E.
J Chem Phys. 2011 May 28;134(20):204507.
PMID:
21639456
[PubMed - in process]
Optimization of a parallel hole collimator/CdZnTe gamma-camera architecture for scintimammography.
Robert C, Montémont G, Rebuffel V, Verger L, Buvat I.
Med Phys. 2011 Apr;38(4):1806-19.
PMID:
21626915
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Aeration Controls the Reduction and Methylation of Tellurium by the Aerobic, Tellurite-Resistant Marine Yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa.
Ollivier PR, Bahrou AS, Church TM, Hanson TE.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Jul;77(13):4610-7. Epub 2011 May 20.
PMID:
21602387
[PubMed - in process]
Poliovirus 3C proteinase inhibition by organotelluranes.
Gouvea IE, Santos JA, Burlandy FM, Tersariol IL, da Silva EE, Juliano MA, Juliano L, Cunha RL.
Biol Chem. 2011 Apr;392(6):587-91. Epub 2011 Apr 27.
PMID:
21521074
[PubMed - in process]
Evaluation of a CdTe semiconductor based compact gamma camera for sentinel lymph node imaging.
Russo P, Curion AS, Mettivier G, Esposito M, Aurilio M, Caracň C, Aloj L, Lastoria S.
Med Phys. 2011 Mar;38(3):1547-60.
PMID:
21520866
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Neutral tellurium rings in the coordination polymers [Ru(Te9)](InCl4)2, [Ru(Te8)]Cl2, and [Rh(Te6)]Cl3.
Günther A, Isaeva A, Baranov AI, Ruck M.
Chemistry. 2011 May 27;17(23):6382-8. doi: 10.1002/chem.201003558. Epub 2011 Apr 21.
PMID:
21520305
[PubMed - in process]
Coenzyme Q functionalized CdTe/ZnS quantum dots for reactive oxygen species (ROS) imaging.
Qin LX, Ma W, Li DW, Li Y, Chen X, Kraatz HB, James TD, Long YT.
Chemistry. 2011 May 2;17(19):5262-71. doi: 10.1002/chem.201003749. Epub 2011 Apr 18.
PMID:
21503990
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Determination of acrylamide in potato crisps by capillary electrophoresis with quantum dot-mediated LIF detection.
Chen Q, Zhao W, Fung Y.
Electrophoresis. 2011 May;32(10):1252-7. doi: 10.1002/elps.201000683. Epub 2011 Apr 18.
PMID:
21500217
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Capillary electrophoresis immunoassays with conjugated quantum dots.
Klepárník K, Vorácová I, Lisková M, Prikryl J, Hezinová V, Foret F.
Electrophoresis. 2011 May;32(10):1217-23. doi: 10.1002/elps.201000652. Epub 2011 Apr 18.
PMID:
21500216
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The production of [124I]iodine and [86Y]yttrium.
Schmitz J.
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011 May;38 Suppl 1:S4-9. Epub 2011 Apr 12. Review.
PMID:
21484376
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Zinc is a Block D, Group 12, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Zinc's shells is 2, 8, 18, 2, and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2. In its elemental form zinc's CAS number is 7440-66-6. The zinc atom has a radius of 133.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 139.pm. Combined with other elements as ores, Zinc is found in nature. Zinc is considered non-toxicin healthy doses but can cause nausea if taken in excess. Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous metal which we produce in Special High Grade (SHG) purities. It is brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable at 100 to 150 o C. It is a fair conductor of electricity, and burns in air at high red heat with evolution of white clouds of the oxide. 
It has unusual electrical, thermal, optical, and 
solid-state properties that have not been fully investigated. The metal is employed to form numerous alloys with other metals. Brass, nickel, silver, commercial bronze, soft solder, and aluminum solder are some of the more important alloys. Large quantities of zinc are used to produce die castings, which are used extensively by the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. Zinc is also used extensively togalvanize other metals such as iron to prevent corrosion. Zinc oxide is widely used in the manufacture of paints, rubber products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, floor coverings, plastics, printing inks, soap, storage batteries, textiles, electrical equipment, and other products. Zinc sulfide is used in making luminous dials, X-ray and TV screens, and fluorescent lights The chloride and chromate are also important compounds. Zinc is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Zinc was first discovered by Andreas Marggraf in 1746. The element name Zinc originates from the German word "zin" meaning tin. See Zinc research below.
Indium is a Block P, Group 13, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Indium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1. In its elemental form indium's CAS number is 7440-74-6. The indium atom has a radius of 162.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 193.pm. Indium is only slightly toxic. Indium has found application in semi-conductor materials and other electronic applications. 
It is used to make low-melting alloys, such as an alloy of 24% indium - 76% Indium is liquid at room temperature. It is used in making bearing alloys, germanium transistors, rectifiers, and photoconductors. It can be plated onto metal and 
evaporated onto glass, forming a mirror as good as that made with silver but with more resistance to atmospheric corrosion. Indium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Indium is also used in various metal alloys (See AE Alloys). Indium was first discovered by Ferdinand Reich in 1863. See Indium research below.
Tellurium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Tellurium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4. In its elemental form tellurium's CAS number is 13494-80-9. The tellurium atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 206.pm. Tellurium is a p-type semiconductor, and shows greater conductivity in certain directions, depending on alignment of the atoms. It is grown in crystalline form with other elements such as indium telluride. Its conductivity increases slightly with exposure to light which makes many tellurides candidates for solar energyapplications. Tellurium improves the machinability of copper and stainless steel, and its addition to lead decreases the corrosive action of sulfuric acid on lead and improves its strength and hardness. 
Tellurium is used as 
a basic ingredient in blasting caps, and is added to cast iron for chill control. Tellurium is used in ceramics. Bismuth telluride has been used in thermoelectric devices. Iron is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Tellurium was first discovered by Franz Muller von Reichenstein in 1782. The name Tellurium originates from the Greek word 'Tellus' meaning Earth. See Tellurium research below. 
