Irradiator System For Manganese Sulfate Bath Efficiency Measurements Using A Plutonium-Beryllium Neutron Source.

Title Irradiator System For Manganese Sulfate Bath Efficiency Measurements Using A Plutonium-Beryllium Neutron Source.
Authors F.S. Silva; M.M. Martins; C.C. Conti; S.P. Leite; E.S. Fonseca; K.C.S. Patrão; W.W. Pereira
Journal Radiat Prot Dosimetry
DOI 10.1093/rpd/ncy011
Abstract

This study describes the use of a neutron irradiator system based on a plutonium-beryllium neutron source for MnSO4 solution activation for use to determine the MSB system efficiency. Computational simulations using Monte Carlo code were performed to establish the main characteristics of the irradiator system. Among the simulated geometries and volumes, semi-cylindrical shape with 84.5 cm3 of MnSO4 solution yielded the best option to be built. Activity measurements were performed with a high-pure germanium detector to validate the new irradiation system. Results showed an average efficiency and uncertainty of the experimental standard deviation of the mean: 5.742 × 10-4 ± 0.036 × 10-4 (coverage factor k = 1), for MSB system. Efficiency value obtained shows good correlation to other published methods (i.e. a relative difference of 0.07%). This alternative metrological method demonstrated the utility of neutron sources for the irradiation of solutions in metrology laboratories providing a cost-efficient alternative to nuclear reactors or particle accelerators.

Citation F.S. Silva; M.M. Martins; C.C. Conti; S.P. Leite; E.S. Fonseca; K.C.S. Patrão; W.W. Pereira.Irradiator System For Manganese Sulfate Bath Efficiency Measurements Using A Plutonium-Beryllium Neutron Source.. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2018. doi:10.1093/rpd/ncy011

Related Elements

Beryllium

See more Beryllium products. Beryllium (atomic symbol: Be, atomic number: 4) is a Block S, Group 2, Period 2 element with an atomic weight of 9.012182. Beryllium Bohr ModelThe number of electrons in each of Beryllium's shells is [2, 2] and its electron configuration is [He] 2s2. The beryllium atom has a radius of 112 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 153 pm. Beryllium is a relatively rare element in the earth's crust; it can be found in minerals such as bertrandite, chrysoberyl, phenakite, and beryl, its most common source for commercial production. Beryllium was discovered by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin in 1797 and first isolated by Friedrich Wöhler and Antoine Bussy in 1828. Elemental BerylliumIn its elemental form, beryllium has a gray metallic appearance. It is a soft metal that is both strong and brittle; its low density and high thermal conductivity make it useful for aerospace and military applications. It is also frequently used in X-ray equipment and particle physics. The origin of the name Beryllium comes from the Greek word "beryllos," meaning beryl.

Manganese

See more Manganese products. Manganese (atomic symbol: Mn, atomic number: 25) is a Block D, Group 7, Period 4 element with an atomic weight of 54.938045. Manganese Bohr ModelThe number of electrons in each of Manganese's shells is [2, 8, 13, 2] and its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d5 4s2. The manganese atom has a radius of 127 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 197 pm. Manganese was first discovered by Torbern Olof Bergman in 1770 and first isolated by Johann Gottlieb Gahn in 1774. In its elemental form, manganese has a silvery metallic appearance. Elemental ManganeseIt is a paramagnetic metal that oxidizes easily in addition to being very hard and brittle. Manganese is found as a free element in nature and also in the minerals pyrolusite, braunite, psilomelane, and rhodochrosite. The name Manganese originates from the Latin word mangnes, meaning "magnet."

Sulfur

See more Sulfur products. Sulfur (or Sulphur) (atomic symbol: S, atomic number: 16) is a Block P, Group 16, Period 3 element with an atomic radius of 32.066. Sulfur Bohr ModelThe number of electrons in each of Sulfur's shells is 2, 8, 6 and its electron configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p4. In its elemental form, sulfur has a light yellow appearance. The sulfur atom has a covalent radius of 105 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 180 pm. In nature, sulfur can be found in hot springs, meteorites, volcanoes, and as galena, gypsum, and epsom salts. Sulfur has been known since ancient times but was not accepted as an element until 1777, when Antoine Lavoisier helped to convince the scientific community that it was an element and not a compound.

Related Forms & Applications