Removal of high concentration of sulfate from pigment industry effluent by chemical precipitation using barium chloride: RSM and ANN modeling approach.

Title Removal of high concentration of sulfate from pigment industry effluent by chemical precipitation using barium chloride: RSM and ANN modeling approach.
Authors N. Kartic; C.Aditya Narayana; M. Arivazhagan
Journal J Environ Manage
DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.017
Abstract

Sulfate ions pose a major threat and challenge in the treatment of industrial effluents. The sample of wastewater obtained from a pigment industry contained large quantities of sulfate in the form of sodium sulfate which resulted in high TDS. As the removal of sulfate from pigment industry effluent was not reported previously, this work was focused on removing the sulfate ions from the effluent by chemical precipitation using barium chloride. The efficiency of sulfate removal was nearly 100% at an excess dosage of barium chloride, which precipitates the dissolved sulfate ions in the form of barium sulfate. Optimization of the parameters was done using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). This work is the first attempt for modeling the removal of sulfate from pigment industry effluent using RSM and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Prediction by both the models was evaluated and both of them exhibited good performance (R2 value > 0.99). It was observed that the prediction by RSM (R2 value 0.9986) was closer to the experimental results than ANN prediction (R2 value 0.9955). The influence on the pH and conductivity of the solution by dosage of precipitant was also studied. The formation of barium sulfate was confirmed by characterization of the precipitate. Therefore, the sulfate removed from the effluent was converted into a commercially valuable precipitate.

Citation N. Kartic; C.Aditya Narayana; M. Arivazhagan.Removal of high concentration of sulfate from pigment industry effluent by chemical precipitation using barium chloride: RSM and ANN modeling approach.. J Environ Manage. 2018;206:6976. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.017

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Barium

See more Barium products. Barium (atomic symbol: Ba, atomic number: 56) is a Block S, Group 2, Period 6 element with an atomic weight of 137.27. The number of electrons in each of barium's shells is [2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2] and its electron configuration is [Xe] 6s2. Barium Bohr ModelBarium is a member of the alkaline-earth metals. The barium atom has a radius of 222 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 268 pm. Barium was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1772 and first isolated by Humphry Davy in 1808. Elemental BariumIn its elemental form, barium is a soft, silvery-gray metal. Industrial applications for barium include acting as a "getter," or unwanted gas remover, for vacuum tubes, and as an additive to steel and cast iron. Barium is also alloyed with silicon and aluminum in load-bearing alloys. The main commercial source of barium is the mineral barite (BaSO4); it does not occur naturally as a free element . The name barium is derived from the Greek word "barys," meaning heavy.

Chlorine

Chlorine is a Block P, Group 17, Period 3 element. Its electron configuration is [Ne]3s23p5. The chlorine atom has a covalent radius of 102±4 pm and its Van der Waals radius is 175 pm. Chlorine ModelIn its elemental form, chlorine is a yellow-green gas. Chlorine is the second lightest halogen after fluorine. It has the third highest electronegativity and the highest electron affinity of all elements, making it a strong oxidizing agent. It is rarely found by itself in nature. Chlorine was discovered and first isolated by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774. It was first recognized as an element by Humphry Davy in 1808.

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