Title | Binding studies and biological evaluation of β-carotene as a potential inhibitor of human calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV. |
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Authors | Naz, H.; Khan, P.; Tarique, M.; Rahman, S.; Meena, A.; Ahamad, S.; Luqman, S.; Islam, A.; Ahmad, F.; Hassan, M.Imtaiyaz |
Journal | Int J Biol Macromol |
DOI | 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.024 |
Abstract |
Human calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMKIV), a member of Ser/Thr kinase family, is associated with cancer, cerebral hypoxia and neurodegenerative diseases. β-carotene is a colored organic compound, abundant in plants and fruits and is used in cancer prevention. Here, we report a strong binding affinity of β-carotene with CAMKIV using molecular docking, fluorescence binding and isothermal titration calorimetry methods. Furthermore, β-carotene also reduces the enzyme activity of CAMKIV moderately as observed during ATPase assay. To see the role of β-carotene on cell proliferation and apoptosis, cancerous cells (HeLa, HuH7and MCF-7) and normal (HEK-293-T) cell lines were used. Admirable anticancer activity of β-carotene was observed. We further performed propidium iodide and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) assays to understand the mechanism of anticancer activity of β-carotene at molecular level. Our findings provide a newer insight into the use of β-carotene in cancer prevention and protection via inhibition of CAMKIV by regulating the signaling pathways. |
Binding studies and biological evaluation of β-carotene as a potential inhibitor of human calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV.