| Title | Resin-based Yttrium-90 microspheres for unresectable and failed first-line chemotherapy intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: preliminary results. |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jia, Z.; Paz-Fumagalli, R.; Frey, G.; Sella, D.M.; McKinney, M.; Wang, W. |
| Journal | J Cancer Res Clin Oncol |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00432-016-2291-4 |
| Abstract |
PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of resin-based yttrium-90 ((90)Y) radioembolization for unresectable and failed first-line chemotherapy (cisplatin plus gemcitabine) intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). METHODS: From February 2006 to September 2015, a retrospective study was conducted of all patients who underwent resin-based (90)Y therapy for unresectable and failed first-line chemotherapy ICC. Tumor response was assessed using modified RECIST criteria; side effects were assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03; survivals were calculated from the date of diagnosis of ICC, beginning of first-line chemotherapy and first (90)Y procedure, respectively; effects of factors on survival were analyzed by Cox regression model. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients (eight male and 16 female) were included in this study. Mean 5.6 ± 1.6 cycles of first-line chemotherapy were performed prior to (90)Y treatment. The mean delivered activity of (90)Y was 1.6 ± 0.4 GBq with a total of 27 treatments. Disease control rate was 81.8% at 3 months after (90)Y therapy, with partial response (n = 8, 36.4%), stable disease (n = 10, 45.5%) and progressive disease (n = 6, 18.2%). CA199 changes pre- and 1 month post-treatment were complete (n = 2), partial (n = 2), none (n = 5) and progression (n = 2), respectively. Side effects included fatigue (n = 21, 87.5%), anorexia (n = 19, 79.2%), nausea (n = 15, 62.5%), abdominal pain (n = 10, 58.3%), vomiting (n = 4, 16.7%) and fever (n = 3, 12.5%). Radiation-induced gastrointestinal ulcer was identified in one patient. The mean follow-up was 11.3 ± 6.6 months, and the median survivals from the time of diagnosis of ICC, beginning of first-line chemotherapy and first (90)Y procedure were 24.0, 16.0 and 9.0 months, respectively, and the 6-, 12-, 18-, 24- and 30-month survival after (90)Y therapy were 69.9, 32.6, 27.2, 20.4 and 20.4%, respectively. ECOG performance status (P = 0.002) and lymph node metastases (P = 0.019) had statistically significant influence on overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Resin-based (90)Y radioembolization can provide palliative control of unresectable and failed first-line chemotherapy ICC in a salvage setting with acceptable side effects. |
See more Yttrium products. Yttrium (atomic symbol: Y, atomic number: 39) is a Block D, Group 3, Period 5 element with an atomic weight of 88.90585. 
The number of electrons in each of yttrium's shells is [2, 8, 18, 9, 2] and its electron configuration is [Kr] 4d1 5s2. The yttrium atom has a radius of 180 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 219 pm. Yttrium was discovered by Johann Gadolin in 1794 and first isolated by Carl Gustav Mosander in 1840. In its elemental form, Yttrium has a silvery white metallic appearance. Yttrium has the highest thermodynamic affinity for oxygen of any element. 
Yttrium is not found in nature as a free element and is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals. While not part of the rare earth series, it resembles the heavy rare earths which are sometimes referred to as the "yttrics" for this reason. Another unique characteristic derives from its ability to form crystals with useful properties. The name yttrium originated from a Swedish village near Vaxholm called Yttbery where it was discovered.