| Title | Strained Germanium Quantum Well PMOSFETs on SOI with Mobility Enhancement by External Uniaxial Stress. |
|---|---|
| Authors | Liu, Y.; Niu, J.; Wang, H.; Han, G.; Zhang, C.; Feng, Q.; Zhang, J.; Hao, Y. |
| Journal | Nanoscale Res Lett |
| DOI | 10.1186/s11671-017-1913-3 |
| Abstract |
Well-behaved Ge quantum well (QW) p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (pMOSFETs) were fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. By optimizing the growth conditions, ultrathin fully strained Ge film was directly epitaxially grown on SOI at about 450 °C using ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition. In situ Si2H6 passivation of Ge was utilized to form a high-quality SiO2/Si interfacial layer between the high-κ dielectric and channels. Strained Ge QW pMOSFETs achieve the significantly improved effective hole mobility μ eff as compared with the relaxed Si and Ge control devices. At an inversion charge density of Q inv of 2 × 10(12) cm(-2), Ge QW pMOSFETs on SOI exhibit a 104% μ eff enhancement over relaxed Ge control transistors. It is also demonstrated that μ eff of Ge pMOSFETs on SOI can be further boosted by applying an external uniaxial compressive strain. |
See more Germanium products. Germanium (atomic symbol: Ge, atomic number: 32) is a Block P, Group 14, Period 4 element with an atomic weight of 72.63. 
The number of electrons in each of germanium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 4 and its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2. The germanium atom has a radius of 122.5 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 211 pm. Germanium was first discovered by Clemens Winkler in 1886. In its elemental form, germanium is a brittle grayish white semi-metallic element. Germanium is too reactive to be found naturally on Earth in its native state. 
It is commercially obtained from zinc ores and certain coals. It is also found in argyrodite and germanite. It is used extensively as a semiconductor in transitors, solar cells, and optical materials. Other applications include acting an alloying agent, as a phosphor in fluorescent lamps, and as a catalyst. The name Germanium originates from the Latin word "Germania" meaning "Germany."