Speciation of indium(iii) chloro complexes in the solvent extraction process from chloride aqueous solutions to ionic liquids.

Title Speciation of indium(iii) chloro complexes in the solvent extraction process from chloride aqueous solutions to ionic liquids.
Authors C. Deferm; B. Onghena; T.Vander Hoogerstraete; D. Banerjee; J. Luyten; H. Oosterhof; J. Fransaer; K. Binnemans
Journal Dalton Trans
DOI 10.1039/c7dt00618g
Abstract

Most metal extraction studies focus on the kinetics, the maximum loading and the extraction equilibrium, while structural information on the extracted complexes has been limited. This paper concerns the nature of the indium(iii) chloride complexes, present in the organic and aqueous phase during the solvent extraction of indium(iii) from an aqueous HCl solution by undiluted ionic liquids Cyphos(®) IL 101 and Aliquat(®) 336. In an aqueous HCl solution (0-12 M), indium(iii) exists as octahedral mixed complexes, [In(H2O)6-nCln](3-n) (0 ? n ? 6). EXAFS and (115)In NMR were used to characterize these species. The stoichiometric composition of the extracted complexes, which is estimated from viscosity and maximum loading studies and confirmed by EXAFS, is unaffected by the HCl concentration in the aqueous phase. Indium(iii) is present in the ionic liquid phase as the tetrahedral [InCl4](-) complex. Based on the speciation results an extraction mechanism is proposed.

Citation C. Deferm; B. Onghena; T.Vander Hoogerstraete; D. Banerjee; J. Luyten; H. Oosterhof; J. Fransaer; K. Binnemans.Speciation of indium(iii) chloro complexes in the solvent extraction process from chloride aqueous solutions to ionic liquids.. Dalton Trans. 2017. doi:10.1039/c7dt00618g

Related Elements

Indium

See more Indium products. Indium (atomic symbol: In, atomic number: 49) is a Block P, Group 13, Period 5 element with an atomic weight of 114.818. The number of electrons in each of indium's shells is [2, 8, 18, 18, 3] and its electron configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1. The indium atom has a radius of 162.6 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 193 pm. Indium was discovered by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter in 1863. Indium Bohr ModelIt is a relatively rare, extremely soft metal is a lustrous silvery gray and is both malleable and easily fusible. It has similar chemical properties to Elemental Indiumgallium such as a low melting point and the ability to wet glass. Fields such as optics and microelectronics that utilize semiconductor technology have wide uses for indium, especially in the form of Indiun Tin Oxide (ITO). Thin films of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) are used in high-performing solar cells. Indium's name is derived from the Latin word indicum, meaning violet.

Chlorine

Chlorine is a Block P, Group 17, Period 3 element. Its electron configuration is [Ne]3s23p5. The chlorine atom has a covalent radius of 102±4 pm and its Van der Waals radius is 175 pm. Chlorine ModelIn its elemental form, chlorine is a yellow-green gas. Chlorine is the second lightest halogen after fluorine. It has the third highest electronegativity and the highest electron affinity of all elements, making it a strong oxidizing agent. It is rarely found by itself in nature. Chlorine was discovered and first isolated by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774. It was first recognized as an element by Humphry Davy in 1808.

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