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Rutherfordium

Rutherfordium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Rutherfordium is a synthetic and highly radioactive chemical element. There is no known application for Rutherfordium and very little is known about it.

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Rutherfordium is a P-Block, Group 4, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of Rutherfordium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 . In its elemental form RutherfRutherfordium Bohr Modelordium's CAS number is 53850-36-5.

Rutherfordium was first produced in small amounts in the early 1960’s in laboratories in the former Soviet Union (Dubna) and again in 1969 by an American group at Berkely (California).




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Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of Rutherfordium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
Isotope Atomic Mass % Abundance on Earth
Rf-255 255.1015 -
Rf-256 256.1012 -
Rf-257 257.1032 -
Rf-258 258.1035 -
Rf-259 259.1056 -
Rf-260 260.1065 -
Rf-261 261.10869 (22) -
Rf-262 262.1101 -
Rf-263 263.1125 -

The following table shows the abundance of Rutherfordium present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:

  Typical Human Body Universe
by Weight - -
by Atom - -


Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for Rutherfordium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
1st Ionization Energy kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy kJ mol-1


Conductivity. No data.

Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for Rutherfordium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
Heat of Fusion No data.
Heat of Vaporization No data.
Heat of Atomization No data.


Recent Research & Development for Rutherfordium
  • The race for rutherfordium. Garcia MA. Nat Chem. 2010 Jan;2(1):66. No abstract available. PMID: 21124383 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Fluoride complexation of element 104, rutherfordium. Haba H, Tsukada K, Asai M, Toyoshima A, Akiyama K, Nishinaka I, Hirata M, Yaita T, Ichikawa S, Nagame Y, Yasuda K, Miyamoto Y, Kaneko T, Goto S, Ono S, Hirai T, Kudo H, Shigekawa M, Shinohara A, Oura Y, Nakahara H, Sueki K, Kikunaga H, Kinoshita N, Tsuruga N, Yokoyama A, Sakama M, Enomoto S, Schädel M, Brüchle W, Kratz JV. J Am Chem Soc. 2004 Apr 28;126(16):5219-24.PMID: 15099106 [PubMed]

  • Designations of ds2p energy levels in neutral zirconium, hafnium, and rutherfordium (Z=104). Martin WC, Sugar J. Phys Rev A. 1996 Mar;53(3):1911-1914. No abstract available. PMID: 9913089 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Ground state electron configuration of Rutherfordium: Role of dynamic correlation. Eliav E, Kaldor U, Ishikawa Y. Phys Rev Lett. 1995 Feb 13;74(7):1079-1082. No abstract available. PMID: 10058929 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Spontaneous fission of rutherfordium isotopes. Somerville LP, Nurmia MJ, Nitschke JM, Ghiorso A, Hulet EK, Lougheed RW. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys. 1985 May;31(5):1801-1815. No abstract available. PMID: 9952719 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations

    Research updated 8/8/2011

    		•
     
    Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point Boiling Point Vanderwaals radius Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
    Rf 104 [ 261 ]     2100 °C 5500 °C      

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