Seaborgium (Sg) | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ®

About Seaborgium

Seaborgium, a transactinide, is the heaviest element that has been studied in aqueous solution. A synthetic element, it was first produced at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in the former Soviet Union in June of 1974. In September of that same year, a team at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory also succeeded in producing the element. Despite the Soviet team's priority for this discovery, the element was named after the American chemist Glenn Seaborg, a winner of the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the co-discoverer of 10 transuranic elements, as part of a compromise agreement concerning the naming of elements 104 through 108. Seaborg's actinide concept transformed the periodic table, and he served as chairman of the United States Atomic Energy Commission for 10 years. Later in life, he was an ardent supporter of science education and science literacy.

Few atoms of seaborgium have been produced, all isotopes with very short half-lives, making it one of the more challenging elements to study. The element has no practical applications.

Seaborgium Properties

Seaborgium Bohr Model Seaborgium is a D-Block, Group 6, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of Seaborgium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2 and its electron configuration is [Rn] 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d⁴. In its elemental form, Seaborgium's CAS number is 54038-81-2. Seaborgium's appearance is unknown but it is thought to be silvery, white or metallic gray. Seaborgium is a synthetic element and therefore is not naturally found in the environment. Little is known about the element and it has no known uses. Seaborgium was first created in 1974 at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the discovery was later confirmed in 1993 at the same institution.

Seaborgium information, including technical data, properties, and other useful facts are specified below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity, and thermal properties are included.

General Properties

Symbol:	Sg
Atomic Number:	106
Atomic Weight:	269
Element Category:	transition metal
Group, Period, Block:	6, 7, d
Color:	unknown (presumably metallic/ silvery white/ gray)
Other Names:	Seaborgio

Physical Properties

Melting Point:	N/A
Boiling Point:	N/A
Density:	35 (predicted)
Liquid Density @ Melting Point:	N/A
Density @ 20°C:	N/A
Density of Solid:	23200 (predicted) kg·m³
Specific Heat:	N/A
Superconductivity Temperature:	N/A
Triple Point:	N/A
Critical Point:	N/A
Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol^-1):	N/A
Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol^-1):	N/A
Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol^-1):	N/A
Thermal Conductivity:	N/A
Thermal Expansion:	N/A
Electrical Resistivity:	N/A
Tensile Strength:	N/A
Molar Heat Capacity:	N/A
Young's Modulus:	N/A
Shear Modulus:	N/A
Bulk Modulus:	N/A
Poisson Ratio:	N/A
Mohs Hardness:	N/A
Vickers Hardness:	N/A
Brinell Hardness:	N/A
Speed of Sound:	N/A
Pauling Electronegativity:	N/A
Sanderson Electronegativity:	N/A
Allred Rochow Electronegativity:	N/A
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:	N/A
Allen Electronegativity:	N/A
Pauling Electropositivity:	N/A
Reflectivity (%):	N/A
Refractive Index:	N/A

Chemical Properties

Electrons:	106
Protons:	106
Neutrons:	157
Electron Configuration:	[Rn] 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d⁴
Atomic Radius:	132 pm (predicted)
Atomic Radius, non-bonded (Å):	Unknown
Covalent Radius:	143 pm (predicted)
Covalent Radius (Å):	1.43
Van der Waals Radius:	N/A
Oxidation States:	6, 5, 4, 3 (only bolded oxidation states are known experimentally)
Phase:	Solid (predicted)
Crystal Structure:	N/A
Magnetic Ordering:	N/A
Electron Affinity (kJ·mol^-1)	Unknown
1^st Ionization Energy:	757.4 kJ·mol^-1 (estimated)
2^nd Ionization Energy:	1732.9 kJ·mol^-1 (estimated)
3^rd Ionization Energy:	2483.5 kJ·mol^-1 (estimated)

Identifiers

CAS Number:	34038-81-2
EC Number:	N/A
MDL Number:	N/A
Beilstein Number:	N/A
SMILES Identifier:	N/A
InChI Identifier:	N/A
InChI Key:	N/A
PubChem CID:	N/A
ChemSpider ID:	N/A

Abundance

Earth - Total:	N/A
Mercury - Total:	N/A
Venus - Total:	N/A
Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:	N/A
Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:	N/A
Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:	N/A
Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:	N/A
Sun - Total, ppb by weight:	N/A
Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:	N/A
Stream, ppb by weight:	N/A
Stream, ppb by atoms:	N/A
Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:	N/A
Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:	N/A
Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:	N/A
Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:	N/A
Universe, ppb by weight:	N/A
Universe, ppb by atom:	N/A

History

Discovered By:	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Discovery Date:	1974
First Isolation:	N/A

Seaborgium Isotopes

Seaborgium (Sg) is an artificial element. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes.

Nuclide	Isotopic Mass	Half-Life	Mode of Decay	Nuclear Spin	Magnetic Moment	Binding Energy (MeV)	Natural Abundance (% by atom)
²⁵⁸Sg	258.11317(45)#	3.3(10) ms [2.9(+13-7) ms]	a to ²⁵⁴Rf; SF	0+	N/A	1862.89	-
²⁵⁹Sg	259.11450(19)#	580(210) ms [0.48(+28-13) s]	a to ²⁵⁵Rf	1/2+#	N/A	1870.97	-
²⁶⁰Sg	260.11442(4)	3.8(8) ms	a to ²⁵⁶Rf	0+	N/A	1879.05	-
²⁶¹Sg	261.11612(14)#	230(60) ms	a to ²⁵⁷Rf; SF	7/2+#	N/A	1887.12	-
²⁶²Sg	262.1164(3)#	8(3) ms [6.9(+38-18) ms]	SF	0+	N/A	1895.2	-
²⁶³Sg	263.11832(13)#	1.0(2) s	a to ²⁵⁹Rf	9/2+#	N/A	1903.28	-
²⁶⁴Sg	264.11893(30)#	0.4# s	SF	0+	N/A	1911.36	-
²⁶⁵Sg	265.12111(6)	8(3) s	a to ²⁶¹Rf	3/2+#	N/A	1910.12	-
²⁶⁶Sg	266.12207(31)#	21(6) s	a to ²⁶²Rf; SF	0+	N/A	1918.2	-
²⁶⁷Sg	267.12443(29)#	19 ms	SF; a to ²⁶³Rf	N/A	N/A	1926.28	-
²⁶⁸Sg	268.12561(58)#	30# s	Unknown	0+	N/A	1934.36	-
²⁶⁹Sg	269.12876(70)#	35(23) s	a to ²⁶⁵Rf	N/A	N/A	1942.44	-
²⁷⁰Sg	270.13033(66)#	10# min	Unknown	0+	N/A	1941.2	-
²⁷¹Sg	271.13347(70)#	2.4(+43-10) min	a to ²⁶⁷Rf; SF	N/A	N/A	1949.28	-
²⁷²Sg	272.13516(82)#	1# h	Unknown	0+	N/A	1957.36	-
²⁷³Sg	273.13822(71)#	1# min	Unknown	N/A	N/A	1965.44	-