FORMULA

The chemical formula is a mathematical representation of the molecular structure of a compound indicating each atomic element by its symbol with the number of atoms of that element in the compound indicated in subscript. For example, the formula for neodymium chloride is NdCl3 evidencing that the compound's molecule is composed of one neodymium atom and three chlorine atoms.

COMPOUND FORMULA

The compound formula or Hill notation (following the Hill system) provides a unique formula order commonly used by chemical databases such as the U.S. Patent Office.

CAS #

Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers or CAS Numbers are unique numerical identifiers assigned to every chemical described in the open scientific literature. Elements, metals, minerals, isotopes, organic and inorganic compounds, organometallics, alloys, coordination compounds, and salts; as well as compounds, standard mixtures, polymers; biological sequences including proteins & nucleic acids; nuclear particles, and nonstructurable materials are also included.

PUBCHEM SID #

The PubChem Substance Identification Number or Pubchem SID is a unique number identifier in the PubChem database.

PUBCHEM CID #

The PubChem Compound Identification Number or PubChem CID is a non-zero integer PubChem accession identifier for a unique chemical structure.

BEILSTEIN REGISTERY NUMBER

The Beilstein Registry Number is a unique number assigned to compounds as a method of identification, similar to the CAS registry number. It is the unique identifier for compounds in the Beilstein database.

APPEARANCE

Appearance provides the characteristics of a material that would be discernable upon visual inspection only. It does not include that viewable under a microscope or other visual aid unless otherwise indicated.

DENSITY

Density or true density is the measure of mass per unit of volume. The average density of an object equals its total mass divided by its total volume.

BULK DENSITY

Bulk density is the mass of many particles of the material divided by the total volume they occupy.

EXACT MASS

Exact mass is the calculated mass of an ion or molecule containing a single specified isotope of each atom.

MONOISOTOPIC MASS

The monoisotopic mass is the sum of the masses of the atoms in a molecule calculated using the mass of the most abundant naturally occurring isotope of each element.

AVERAGE PARTICLE SIZE

The average particle size is a concept established for comparing dimensions of solid, liquid, or gaseous particles. The particle size of a spherical object can be explicitly and quantitatively defined by its diameter.

SIZE RANGE

The size range (or particle diameter) typically ranges from nanometers (10-9 m) to micrometers (10-6 m). At the small end of the size range, nanoparticles are often referred to as clusters. Spheres, rods, fibers, and cups are just a few of the shapes that have been grown.

SPEC. SURFACE AREA

Surface area helps establish parameters such as how solids dissolve, burn, and react with other materials.

MORPHOLOGY

Particles take on real world shapes and are often named after the shapes they represent, for example, nanospheres, nanoboxes and nanoreefs. These morphologies sometimes arise spontaneously as an effect of templating or directing agent present in the synthesis or from the innate crystallographic growth patterns of the materials themselves.

CHARGE

Charge describes an object's ability to repel or attract other objects. Protons have positive charges while electrons have negative charges. Opposite charges, such as protons and electrons, attract one another while like charges repel each other.

CRYSTAL PHASE

SMILES IDENTIFIER

Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System or SMILES is a chemical line notation for entering and representing molecules.

IUPAC NAME

The IUPAC Name (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) is a systematic name for chemical compounds. Preferably, all organic compound should have a name from which an unambiguous structural formula can be drawn.

INCHI NAME

InChI names are freely usable and non-proprietary, can be computed from structural information and do not have to be assigned by an organization, and most of the information in an InChI is human readable.

INCHI KEY

The InChI Key was developed as an alternative to the lengthy full version. The InChIKeys consist of 14 characters resulting from a hash of the connectivity information of the InChI, followed by a hyphen, followed by 9 characters resulting from a hash of the remaining layers of the InChI, followed by a single character indication the version of InChI used, another hyphen, followed by single checksum character.

MOLECULAR WEIGHT / MOLAR MASS

Molecular weight or molar massis the ratio of the average mass of one molecule of an element or compound to one twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

PUBCHEM SUBSTANCE ID

PubChem’s substance database contains 75 million entries consisting of  complexes, extracts, mixtures, and uncharacterized substances. Each substance in the database has a unique registry ID called the PubChem Substance ID.

MDL NUMBER

For each reaction and variation, the Method Detection Limit or MDL number contains a distinctive identification number. The first letter indicates the reaction, the next three letters indicate which database contains the reaction record and these letters are followed by an 8-digit number.

EC NUMBER

Commercially available chemical substances are assigned a seven-digit code by the European Commission called the EC number. A list on substances available within the European Union containing an EC number is called the EC Inventory. The EC inventory is comprised of the EINECS, ELINCS and NPL numbers. The EC number begins with 3 numbers which identifies it as an EINECS, ELINCS or an NPL number followed by a dash, three more numbers, another dash, and one single number which represents a check digit.