Crab-Shell Biotemplated SnO2 Composite Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Title	Crab-Shell Biotemplated SnO2 Composite Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.
Authors	Son, S.Yeon; Hong, S.A.; Oh, S.Yeong; Lee, Y.C.; Lee, G.W.; Kang, J.Won; Huh, Y.Suk; Kim, I.Tae
Journal	J Nanosci Nanotechnol
DOI	10.1166/jnn.2018.15666
Abstract	SnO2 composite materials infiltrated into the hollow carbon channels of a crab-shell biotemplate were hydrothermally synthesized and utilized as anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Varying the reaction temperatures and times of the hydrothermal reaction yielded different SnO2 nanoparticle shapes, characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The materials prepared at 100 °C (sample S100) were spherical, amorphous in nature, and successfully infiltrated into the hollow carbon channels, while those prepared at 180 °C (sample S180) yielded many rod-like particles on the outer surfaces of the channels. The S100 electrode exhibited better cyclability, corresponding to a capacity of 298 mAh g-1 at 100 cycles, and high rate capability with a capacity retention of 54% at 3 A g-1. The enhanced electrochemical performance of S100 could be attributed to the configuration of the SnO2 particles infiltrating the carbon-coated hollow channels, which accommodated large volume changes during (de)lithiation.
Citation	Son, S.Yeon; Hong, S.A.; Oh, S.Yeong; Lee, Y.C.; Lee, G.W.; Kang, J.Won; Huh, Y.Suk; Kim, I.Tae.Crab-Shell Biotemplated SnO2 Composite Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries..

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Lithium

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See more Lithium products. Lithium (atomic symbol: Li, atomic number: 3) is a Block S, Group 1, Period 2 element with an atomic weight of 6.94. The number of electrons in each of Lithium's shells is [2, 1] and its electron configuration is [He] 2s¹. The lithium atom has a radius of 152 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 181 pm. Lithium was discovered by Johann Arvedson in 1817 and first isolated by William Thomas Brande in 1821. The origin of the name Lithium comes from the Greek wordlithose which means "stone." Lithium is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the highest specific heat and electrochemical potential of any element on the period table and the lowest density of any elements that are solid at room temperature. Compared to other metals, it has one of the lowest boiling points. In its elemental form, lithium is soft enough to cut with a knife its silvery white appearance quickly darkens when exposed to air. Because of its high reactivity, elemental lithium does not occur in nature. Lithium is the key component of lithium-ion battery technology, which is becoming increasingly more prevalent in electronics.