Krypton information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
 Krypton is a Block P, Group 18, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Krypton's shells is 2, 8, 18, 8 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6. In its elemental form krypton's CAS number is 7439-90-9. The krypton atom has a radius of 88.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 202.pm. Krypton is not toxic.
Krypton was discovered by Sir William Ramsay and Morris W. Travers in 1898.
The origin of the name Krypton comes from the Greek word kryptos meaning "hidden".
 Krypton |
Krypton |
 cripto |
 Krípton |
 kriptón |
Krypton |
Krypton Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of krypton and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
| Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
| Kr-78 |
77.920386 |
0.35 |
| Kr-80 |
79.916378 |
2.25 |
| Kr-82 |
81.913485 |
11.6 |
| Kr-83 |
82.914136 |
11.5 |
| Kr-84 |
83.911507 |
57.0 |
| Kr-86 |
85.910610 |
17.3 |
The following table shows the abundance of Krypton present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
| |
Typical Human Body |
Universe |
| by Weight |
no data |
40 ppb |
| by Atom |
no data |
0.06 ppb |
Krypton Safety Data. The safety data for krypton metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Krypton compounds have no biological role.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for krypton (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
| 1st Ionization Energy |
1350.77 kJ mol-1 |
| 2nd Ionization Energy |
2350.39 kJ mol-1 |
| 3rd Ionization Energy |
3565.16 kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to krypton's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 şC is - µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is -. The thermal conductivity of krypton is 0.0095 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties of Krypton. The melting point and boiling point for krypton are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
| Heat of Fusion |
1.64 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Vaporization |
9.05 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Atomization |
0 kJ mol-1 |
Recent Research & Development for Krypton
Infrared Laser Ablation Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Mass Spectrometry.
Vaikkinen A, Shrestha B, Kauppila TJ, Vertes A, Kostiainen R.
Anal Chem. 2012 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22242626
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Comparison of Direct and Alternating Current Vacuum Ultraviolet Lamps in Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization.
Vaikkinen A, Haapala M, Kersten H, Benter T, Kostiainen R, Kauppila TJ.
Anal Chem. 2012 Jan 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22229729
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
RAD51 Plays a Crucial Role in Halting Cell Death Program Induced by Ionizing Radiation in Bovine Oocytes.
Kujjo LL, Ronningen R, Ross P, Pereira RJ, Rodriguez R, Beyhan Z, Goissis MD, Baumann T, Kagawa W, Camsari C, Smith GW, Kurumizaka H, Yokoyama S, Cibelli JB, Perez GI.
Biol Reprod. 2011 Dec 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22190703
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Thermodynamic properties and static structure factor for a Yukawa fluid in the mean spherical approximation.
Montes-Perez J, Cruz-Vera A, Herrera JN.
Interdiscip Sci. 2011 Dec;3(4):243-50. doi: 10.1007/s12539-011-0105-6. Epub 2011 Dec 18.
PMID:
22179758
[PubMed - in process]
Molecular Structure and Vibrational Spectra of Mixed MDyX(4) (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; X = F, Cl, Br, I) Vapor Complexes: A Computational and Matrix-Isolation Infrared Spectroscopic Study.
Groen CP, Kovács A, Varga Z, Hargittai M.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 2;51(1):543-56. Epub 2011 Dec 2.
PMID:
22136352
[PubMed - in process]
Simultaneous detection of surface coverage and structure of krypton films on gold by helium atom diffraction and quartz crystal microbalance techniques.
Danisman MF, Özkan B.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2011 Nov;82(11):115104.
PMID:
22129010
[PubMed - in process]
Rotational spectrum and internal dynamics of tetrahydrofuran-krypton.
Gou Q, Feng G, Evangelisti L, Maris A, Marchini M, Velino B, Caminati W.
Chemphyschem. 2012 Jan 16;13(1):221-5. doi: 10.1002/cphc.201100673. Epub 2011 Nov 23.
PMID:
22109993
[PubMed - in process]
Assessment of density functional theory for bonds formed between rare gases and open-shell atoms: a computational study of small molecules containing He, Ar, Kr and Xe.
Bertolus M, Major M, Brenner V.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2012 Jan 14;14(2):553-61. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
PMID:
22086328
[PubMed - in process]
Kr-PLIF for scalar imaging in supersonic flows.
Narayanaswamy V, Burns R, Clemens NT.
Opt Lett. 2011 Nov 1;36(21):4185-7. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.004185.
PMID:
22048359
[PubMed - in process]
Facile xenon capture and release at room temperature using a metal-organic framework: a comparison with activated charcoal.
Thallapally PK, Grate JW, Motkuri RK.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Jan 11;48(3):347-9. Epub 2011 Sep 29.
PMID:
21956410
[PubMed - in process]
A mass-selective variable-temperature drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometer for temperature dependent ion mobility studies.
May JC, Russell DH.
J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2011 Jul;22(7):1134-45. Epub 2011 May 5.
PMID:
21953095
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Synthesized light transients.
Wirth A, Hassan MT, Grguras I, Gagnon J, Moulet A, Luu TT, Pabst S, Santra R, Alahmed ZA, Azzeer AM, Yakovlev VS, Pervak V, Krausz F, Goulielmakis E.
Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):195-200. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
PMID:
21903778
[PubMed]
High-order harmonic generation enhanced by XUV light.
Buth C, Kohler MC, Ullrich J, Keitel CH.
Opt Lett. 2011 Sep 1;36(17):3530-2. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.003530.
PMID:
21886267
[PubMed]
Alkylation effects on the energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited naphthalene.
Hsu HC, Tsai MT, Dyakov YA, Ni CK.
Chem Asian J. 2011 Nov 4;6(11):3048-53. doi: 10.1002/asia.201100314. Epub 2011 Jul 20.
PMID:
21780292
[PubMed - in process]
Study of RgS- and RgS (Rg = Ne, Ar, and Kr) via slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy and ab initio calculations.
Garand E, Neumark DM.
J Chem Phys. 2011 Jul 14;135(2):024302.
PMID:
21766937
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Magnetic circular dichroism and absorption spectra of methylidyne in a krypton matrix.
Harrison JJ, Williamson BE.
J Phys Chem A. 2011 Aug 11;115(31):8643-9. Epub 2011 Jul 18.
PMID:
21721516
[PubMed]
Pattern formation in a complex plasma in high magnetic fields.
Schwabe M, Konopka U, Bandyopadhyay P, Morfill GE.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 May 27;106(21):215004. Epub 2011 May 27.
PMID:
21699308
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Effects of pulmonary inhalation on hyperpolarized krypton-83 magnetic resonance T1 relaxation.
Stupic KF, Elkins ND, Pavlovskaya GE, Repine JE, Meersmann T.
Phys Med Biol. 2011 Jul 7;56(13):3731-48. Epub 2011 May 31.
PMID:
21628780
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Single photon ionization and chemical ionization combined ion source based on a vacuum ultraviolet lamp for orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Hua L, Wu Q, Hou K, Cui H, Chen P, Wang W, Li J, Li H.
Anal Chem. 2011 Jul 1;83(13):5309-16. Epub 2011 Jun 2.
PMID:
21591696
[PubMed]
Unintentional fatal intoxications with mitragynine and O-desmethyltramadol from the herbal blend Krypton.
Kronstrand R, Roman M, Thelander G, Eriksson A.
J Anal Toxicol. 2011 May;35(4):242-7.
PMID:
21513619
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
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