American Elements: Lutetium Supplier & Technical Information

Lutetium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Lutetium is the last member of the rare earth series. Lutetium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Unlike most rare earths it lacks a magnetic moment. It also has the smallest metallic radius of any rare earth. It is perhaps the least naturally abundant of the lanthanides. It is the ideal host for x-ray phosphors because it produces the densest known white material, lutetium tantalate (LuTaO4). It is utilized as a dopant in matching lattice parameters of certain substrate garnet crystals, such as indium-gallium-garnet (IGG) crystals due its lack of a magnetic moment.

Lutetium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are

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available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Lutetium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Lutetium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The electronic configuration is [Xe]4f¹⁵5d¹6s². In its elemental form lutetium's CAS number is 7439-94-3. The lutetium atom has a radius of 171.8.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Lutetium is the last member of the rare earth series. Lutetium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Unlike most rare earths it lacks a magnetic moment. It also has the smallest metallic radius of any rare earth.

All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Lutetium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.

Lutetium was first discovered by George Urbain in 1907.

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Lutetium Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of Lutetium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.

Isotope	Atomic Mass	% Abundance on Earth
Lu-175	174.941	97.41
Lu-176	175.943	2.59

Lutetium Safety Data. The safety data for Lutetium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for Lutetium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:

1^st Ionization Energy	523.52 kJ mol^-1
2nd Ionization Energy	1341.16 kJ mol^-1
3rd Ionization Energy	2022.29 kJ mol^-1

Conductivity. As to Lutetium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 79 µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1. The thermal conductivity of Lutetium is 16.4 W m^-1 K^-1.

Thermal Properties of Lutetium. The melting point and boiling point for Lutetium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.

Heat of Fusion	19.2 kJ mol^-1
Heat of Vaporization	428 kJ mol^-1
Heat of Atomization	427.37 kJ mol^-1

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