Protactinium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
 Protactinium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of Protactinium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2. In its elemental form protactinium's CAS number is 7440-13-3 The protactinium atom has a radius of 156.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Protactinium is toxic and radioactive.
Protactinium was discovered by Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner in 1917.
The name Protactinium originates from the Greek word 'Porots' which means first.
 protactinium |
 Protactinium |
 protoattinio |
 Protacnídio |
 protactinio |
 Protaktinium |
Protactinium Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of protactinium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
| Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
| Pa-231 |
231.035879 |
- |
Protactinium Safety Data. The safety data for protactinium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Protactinium compounds have no biological role.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for protactinium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
| 1st Ionization Energy |
568.30 kJ mol-1 |
| 2nd Ionization Energy |
- kJ mol-1 |
| 3rd Ionization Energy |
- kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to protactinium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 şC is 19.1 µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.5. The thermal conductivity of protactinium is 4.7 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties of Protactinium. The melting point and boiling point for protactinium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
| Heat of Fusion |
16.7 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Vaporization |
481 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Atomization |
607 kJ mol-1 |
Recent Research & Development for Protactinium
Probing the aromaticity of the [(H(t)Ac)(3)(µ(2)-H)(6)], [(H(t)Th)(3)(µ(2)-H)(6)],(+), and [(H(t)Pa)(3)(µ(2)-H)(6)] clusters.
Rami´rez-Tagle R, Alvarado-Soto L, Arratia-Perez R, Bast R, Alvarez-Thon L.
J Chem Phys. 2011 Sep 14;135(10):104506.
PMID:
21932909
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Thermodynamical and structural study of protactinium(V) oxalate complexes in solution.
Mendes M, Hamadi S, Le Naour C, Roques J, Jeanson A, Den Auwer C, Moisy P, Topin S, Aupiais J, Hennig C, Di Giandomenico MV.
Inorg Chem. 2010 Nov 1;49(21):9962-71.
PMID:
20883035
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Gas-phase energetics of actinide oxides: an assessment of neutral and cationic monoxides and dioxides from thorium to curium.
Marçalo J, Gibson JK.
J Phys Chem A. 2009 Nov 12;113(45):12599-606.
PMID:
19725530
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The determination of absolute intensity of 234mPa's 1001 keV gamma emission using Monte Carlo simulation.
Begy RC, Cosma C, Timar A, Fulea D.
J Radiat Res (Tokyo). 2009 May;50(3):277-9. Epub 2009 Apr 22.
PMID:
19384056
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Production of 230U/226Th for targeted alpha therapy via proton irradiation of 231Pa.
Morgenstern A, Lebeda O, Stursa J, Bruchertseifer F, Capote R, McGinley J, Rasmussen G, Sin M, Zielinska B, Apostolidis C.
Anal Chem. 2008 Nov 15;80(22):8763-70. Epub 2008 Oct 17.
PMID:
18925748
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Cross-sections of the reaction 232Th(p,3n)230Pa for production of 230U for targeted alpha therapy.
Morgenstern A, Apostolidis C, Bruchertseifer F, Capote R, Gouder T, Simonelli F, Sin M, Abbas K.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2008 Oct;66(10):1275-80. Epub 2008 Feb 20.
PMID:
18374585
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The applicability of MGA method for depleted and natural uranium isotopic analysis in the presence of actinides (232Th, 237Np, 233Pa and 241Am).
Yücel H.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2007 Nov;65(11):1269-80. Epub 2007 Jun 3.
PMID:
17606378
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Theoretical study on molecular property of protactinium(V) and uranium(VI) oxocations: why does protactinium(V) form monooxo cations in aqueous solution?
Toraishi T, Tsuneda T, Tanaka S.
J Phys Chem A. 2006 Dec 14;110(49):13303-9.
PMID:
17149850
[PubMed]
Oxidation of gas-phase protactinium ions, Pa+ and Pa2+: formation and properties of PaO2(2+)(g), protactinyl.
Santos M, de Matos AP, Marçalo J, Gibson JK, Haire RG, Tyagi R, Pitzer RM.
J Phys Chem A. 2006 May 4;110(17):5751-9.
PMID:
16640369
[PubMed]
Decay Data Evaluation Project (DDEP): evaluation of the main 233Pa decay characteristics.
Chechev VP, Kuzmenko NK.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2006 Oct-Nov;64(10-11):1403-11. Epub 2006 Mar 29.
PMID:
16574422
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Radiation protection potential of MOX-fuel doped with 231Pa and Cs radioisotopes.
Kryuchkov EF, Glebov VB, Apse VA, Shmelev AN.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2005;115(1-4):302-5.
PMID:
16381734
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
First structural characterization of a protactinium(V) single oxo bond in aqueous media.
Le Naour C, Trubert D, Di Giandomenico MV, Fillaux C, Den Auwer C, Moisy P, Hennig C.
Inorg Chem. 2005 Dec 12;44(25):9542-6.
PMID:
16323942
[PubMed]
Preliminary results on the immobilisation of radionuclides from waters with specific adsorbers based on phosphate salts.
Valentini Ganzerli MT, Maggi L, Crespi Caramella V, Berzero A.
Ann Chim. 2004 Nov;94(11):817-28.
PMID:
15626242
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Measurement of femtogram quantities of protactinium in silicate rock samples by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Regelous M, Turner SP, Elliott TR, Rostami K, Hawkesworth CJ.
Anal Chem. 2004 Jul 1;76(13):3584-9. Erratum in: Anal Chem. 2008 Jan 1;80(1):344.
PMID:
15228328
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Analysis of the 237Np-233Pa photon spectrum using the full response function method.
Shchukin G, Iakovlev K, Morel J.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2004 Feb-Apr;60(2-4):239-46.
PMID:
14987650
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Radioactive waste forms stabilized by ChemChar gasification: characterization and leaching behavior of cerium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, and neptunium.
Marrero TW, Morris JS, Manahan SE.
Chemosphere. 2004 Feb;54(7):873-85.
PMID:
14637345
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
[Study on pollution for the photoelectronic material InP].
Xu JC, Ding XP, Chen DQ.
Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2002 Aug;22(4):550-1. Chinese.
PMID:
12938361
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Measurement of attogram quantities of 231Pa in dissolved and particulate fractions of seawater by isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectroscopy.
Shen CC, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Moran SB, Edmonds HN, Hoff JA, Thomas RB.
Anal Chem. 2003 Mar 1;75(5):1075-9.
PMID:
12641225
[PubMed]
Age determination of highly enriched uranium: separation and analysis of 231Pa.
Morgenstern A, Apostolidis C, Mayer K.
Anal Chem. 2002 Nov 1;74(21):5513-6.
PMID:
12433081
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Gas-phase chemistry of bare and oxo-ligated protactinium ions: a contribution to a systematic understanding of actinide chemistry.
Gibson JK, Haire RG.
Inorg Chem. 2002 Nov 4;41(22):5897-906.
PMID:
12401099
[PubMed]
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