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Rubidium Bromide
Rubidium Perchlorate
Rubidium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Rubidium has various applications in medicine and in photoelectronics. Rubidium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is used in photo and detection cells production. Rubidium glass compositions have the highest room temperature conductivity. It has been used as a "getter" in vacuum tubes.

Rubidium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are

 

  Hydrogen                                 Helium
  Lithium Beryllium                     Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
  Sodium Magnesium                     Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
  Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Hydrogen Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
  Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
  Cesium Barium Cerium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
                                     
      Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium    
      Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawerencium    


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available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Rubidium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Rubidium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 5 element. The electronic configuration is [Kr] 5s1. In its elemental form rubidium 's CAS number is 7440-17-7. The rubidium atom has a radius of 247.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.

All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Rubidium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.

Rubidium was first discovered by Robert Wilhem Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in 1861.

French rubidium German Rubidium Italian rubidio Portuguese Rubídio Spanish rubidio Swedish Rubidium

Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of rubidium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.

Isotope
Atomic Mass
% Abundance on Earth
Rb-85
84.911789
72.17
Rb-87
86.909183
27.84

Safety Data. The safety data for rubidium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for rubidium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:

1st Ionization Energy
403.03 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy
2632.62 kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy
3859.44 kJ mol-1

Conductivity. As to rubidium 's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 12.5 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 0.82. The thermal conductivity of rubidium is 52.8 W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for rubidium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.

Heat of Fusion
2.2 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization
75.7 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization
82.17 kJ mol-1

 
Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point
Boiling Point
Vanderwaals radius
Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
Rb 37 9.0983 g.mol -1 0.8 1.53 g.cm-3 at 20 °C 39 °C 696 °C 200.pm 0.149 nm (+1) 403.03 kJ.mol-1

PRODUCT CATALOG U.S. Operations Submicron & Nanopowder Tolling Ultra High Purity Sputtering Target Crystal Growth Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. Foil
 
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Recent Research & Development for Rubidium

  • Polarization orthogonalizer for a pair of laser beams with nearly equal frequencies. Yim SH, Yoon TH, Cho D. Rev Sci Instrum. 2008 Dec;79(12):126104. PMID: 19123595 [PubMed - in process]

  • Relation of brain natriuretic peptide level to extent of left ventricular scarring in patients with chronic heart failure secondary to ischemic cardiomyopathy. Aktas MK, Allen D, Jaber WA, Chuang HH, Taylor DO, Yamani MH. Am J Cardiol. 2009 Jan 15;103(2):243-5. Epub 2008 Nov 7. PMID: 19121444 [PubMed - in process]

  • Magic frequencies for cesium primary-frequency standard. Flambaum VV, Dzuba VA, Derevianko A. Phys Rev Lett. 2008 Nov 28;101(22):220801. Epub 2008 Nov 26. PMID: 19113470 [PubMed - in process]

  • Relationship of coronary calcium and myocardial perfusion in individuals with chest pain. Assessed by integrated rubidium-82 PET-CT. Brown TL, Merrill J, Hill P, Bengel FM. Nuklearmedizin. 2008;47(6):255-260. PMID: 19057799 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Electronically excited rubidium atom in a helium cluster or film. Leino M, Viel A, Zillich RE. J Chem Phys. 2008 Nov 14;129(18):184308. PMID: 19045404 [PubMed - in process]

  • A new magneto-optical trap-target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy apparatus for ion-atom collisions and trapped atom studies. Blieck J, Fléchard X, Cassimi A, Gilles H, Girard S, Hennecart D. Rev Sci Instrum. 2008 Oct;79(10):103102. PMID: 19044697 [PubMed - in process]

  • Na/K-ATPase assay in the intact guinea pig liver submitted to in situ perfusion. Dos Santos Mda C, Burth P, Younes-Ibrahim M, Gonçalves CF, Santelli RE, Oliveira EP, de Castro Faria MV. Anal Biochem. 2009 Feb 1;385(1):65-8. Epub 2008 Nov 7. PMID: 19027708 [PubMed - in process]

  • Matched slow pulses using double electromagnetically induced transparency. MacRae A, Campbell G, Lvovsky AI. Opt Lett. 2008 Nov 15;33(22):2659-61. PMID: 19015700 [PubMed - in process]

  • Relative contribution of AtHAK5 and AtAKT1 to K+ uptake in the high-affinity range of concentrations. Rubio F, Nieves-Cordones M, Alemán F, Martínez V. Physiol Plant. 2008 Dec;134(4):598-608. PMID: 19000196 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Resonance beating of light stored using atomic spinor polaritons. Karpa L, Vewinger F, Weitz M. Phys Rev Lett. 2008 Oct 24;101(17):170406. Epub 2008 Oct 24. PMID: 18999728 [PubMed]

  • Rubidium Efflux as a Tool for the Pharmacological Characterisation of Compounds with BK Channel Opening Properties. McKay NG, Kirby RW, Lawson K. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;491:267-77. PMID: 18998100 [PubMed - in process]

  • Rubidium-82 PET-CT for quantitative assessment of myocardial blood flow: validation in a canine model of coronary artery stenosis. Lautamäki R, George RT, Kitagawa K, Higuchi T, Merrill J, Voicu C, Dipaula A, Nekolla SG, Lima JA, Lardo AC, Bengel FM. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008 Nov 5. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 18985343 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Lowering radiation dose for integrated assessment of coronary morphology and physiology: first experience with step-and-shoot CT angiography in a rubidium 82 PET-CT protocol. Javadi M, Mahesh M, McBride G, Voicu C, Epley W, Merrill J, Bengel FM. J Nucl Cardiol. 2008 Nov-Dec;15(6):783-90. Epub 2008 Sep 12. PMID: 18984453 [PubMed - in process]

  • Independent and incremental prognostic value of left ventricular ejection fraction determined by stress gated rubidium 82 PET imaging in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Lertsburapa K, Ahlberg AW, Bateman TM, Katten D, Volker L, Cullom SJ, Heller GV. J Nucl Cardiol. 2008 Nov-Dec;15(6):745-53. Epub 2008 Sep 12. PMID: 18984449 [PubMed - in process]

  • Metal induced structural changes observed in hexameric insulin. Sreekanth R, Pattabhi V, Rajan SS. Int J Biol Macromol. 2009 Jan 1;44(1):29-36. Epub 2008 Oct 14. PMID: 18977386 [PubMed - in process]

  • Classification of commercial wines from the Canary Islands (Spain) by chemometric techniques using metallic contents. Fri´as S, Conde JE, Rodri´guez-Bencomo JJ, Garci´a-Montelongo F, Pérez-Trujillo JP. Talanta. 2003 Feb 6;59(2):335-344. PMID: 18968916 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Flame atomic emission determination of rubidium in mineral and well waters using methane-air flame as excitation source. Kékedy-Nagy L, Cordos EA. Talanta. 2000 Jul 31;52(4):645-52. PMID: 18968022 [PubMed - in process]

  • Simultaneous detection of monovalent anions and cations using all solid-state contact PVC membrane anion and cation-selective electrodes as detectors in single column ion chromatography. Isildak I, Asan A. Talanta. 1999 Apr;48(4):967-78. PMID: 18967540 [PubMed - in process]

  • [Evaluation of ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease: role of Gated-PET] Alexánderson Rosas E. Arch Cardiol Mex. 2007 Oct-Dec;77 Suppl 4:S4-163-5. Spanish. PMID: 18938719 [PubMed - in process]

  • Photon echoes generated by reversing magnetic field gradients in a rubidium vapor. Hétet G, Hosseini M, Sparkes BM, Oblak D, Lam PK, Buchler BC. Opt Lett. 2008 Oct 15;33(20):2323-5. PMID: 18923610 [PubMed]

 

 

 

 

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