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Cesium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Cesium is a member of the alkali group of metals. It is one of three metals that occur as a liquid at room temperature-the others are mercury and gallium. Cesium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Cesium is used as an oxygen "getter" in vacuum and electronic tubes and as a component of photoelectric cells. Atomic clocks use the microwave spectral line emitted by Cesium Isotope 133 for reference. Cesium chloride is an unproven treatment for cancer. Radioactive Cesium 137 is an artificial isotope produced that is an approved radiation source for cancer radiotherapy. Under pressure, Cesium hydride is stiffer than diamond. Laboratories use various cerium compounds for their ability to hydrogenate organic compounds.

Cesium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are

 

  Hydrogen                                 Helium
  Lithium Beryllium                     Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
  Sodium Magnesium                     Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
  Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
  Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
  Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
                                     
      Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium    
      Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawerencium    


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available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Cesium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Cesium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 6 element. The electronic configuration is [Xe] 6s1. In its elemental form cesium's CAS number is 7440-46-2. The cesium atom has a radius of 265.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.

All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Cesium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.

Cesium was first discovered by Fustov Kirchhoff in 1860.

French césium German Cesium Italian cesio Portuguese Césio Spanish cesio Swedish Cesium

Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of cesium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.

Isotope
Atomic Mass
% Abundance on Earth
Cs-133
132.905447
100

Safety Data. The safety data for cesium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for cesium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:

1st Ionization Energy
375.71 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy
2234.37 kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy
- kJ mol-1

Conductivity. As to cesium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 20 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 0.79. The thermal conductivity of cesium is 35.9 W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for cesium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.

Heat of Fusion
2.09 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization
66.5 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization
77.58 kJ mol-1

 
Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point
Boiling Point
Vanderwaals radius
Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
Cs 55 132.9054 g.mol -1 0.7 1.9 g.cm-3 at 20 °C 28.4 °C 669°C 200.pm 0.167 nm (+4); 0.06 nm (+6) 375.71 kJ.mol-1

PRODUCT CATALOG U.S. Operations Submicron & Nanopowder Tolling Ultra High Purity Sputtering Target Crystal Growth Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. Foil
 
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Recent Research & Development for Cesium

  • Roles of mitochondria and temperature in the control of intracellular calcium in adult rat sensory neurons. Cell Calcium. 2008 Apr;43(4):388-404. Epub 2007 Aug 23.

  • Competitive cesium-133 NMR spectroscopic study of complexation of different metal ions with dibenzo-21-crown-7 in acetonitrile-dimethylsulfoxide and nitromethane-dimethylsulfoxide mixtures. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2008 Apr;69(4):1265-70. Epub 2007 Jul 12.

  • Interpenetrated nano-capsule networks based on the alkali metal assisted assembly of p-carboxylatocalix[4]arene-O-methyl ether. Chem Commun (Camb). 2008 Mar 28;(12):1410-2. Epub 2008 Feb 19.

  • Reagent-controlled domino synthesis of skeletally-diverse compound collections. Chem Commun (Camb). 2008 Mar 14;(10):1211-1213. Epub 2008 Jan 4.

  • Role of Hog1 and Yaf9 in the transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to cesium chloride. Physiol Genomics. 2008 Mar 14;33(1):110-20. Epub 2008 Jan 15.

  • A study of mechanisms responsible for incorporation of cesium and radiocesium into fruitbodies of king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii). J Environ Radioact. 2008 Mar 13; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Chronic Contamination of Rats with (137)Cesium Radionuclide: Impact on the Cardiovascular System. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2008 Mar 8; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Pressure and temperature dependence of the chlorine NQR in caesium and sodium chlorates. Magn Reson Chem. 2008 Mar 7; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Anti-diabetic Effects of Cesium Aqua (N,N'-ethylene(salicylideneiminato)-5-sulfonato) Oxovanadium (IV) Dihydrate in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2008 Mar;121(3):226-32. Epub 2007 Oct 30.

  • Characterization of Salmonella bacteriophages isolated from swine lagoon effluent. Curr Microbiol. 2008 Mar;56(3):208-13. Epub 2007 Nov 10.

  • Calix[4]pyrrole: A New Ion-Pair Receptor As Demonstrated by Liquid-Liquid Extraction. J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Mar 1; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Quenching of Pyrene Fluorescence by Calix[4]arene and Calix[4]resorcinarenes. J Fluoresc. 2008 Mar;18(2):533-9. Epub 2007 Dec 23.

  • Evaluation of zeolite A for the sorptive removal of Cs+ and Sr2+ ions from aqueous solutions using batch and fixed bed column operations. J Hazard Mater. 2008 Mar 1;151(2-3):432-45. Epub 2007 Jun 8.

  • Neuro-inflammatory response in rats chronically exposed to (137)Cesium. Neurotoxicology. 2008 Mar;29(2):343-348. Epub 2008 Jan 16.

  • Transfer and behaviour of (137)Cs in two Finnish lakes and their catchments. Sci Total Environ. 2008 Feb 27; [Epub ahead of print]

  • (40)K/(137)Cs discrimination ratios to the aboveground organs of tropical plants. J Environ Radioact. 2008 Feb 26; [Epub ahead of print]

  • On the Role of the First Transmembrane Domain in Cation Permeability and Flux of the ATP-gated P2X2 Receptor. J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 22;283(8):5110-7. Epub 2007 Nov 29.

  • Marine methylotrophs revealed by stable-isotope probing, multiple displacement amplification and metagenomics. Environ Microbiol. 2008 Feb 18; [Epub ahead of print]

  • THE CHANGES IN THE CONTENTS OF 137CS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF SOME MASURIAN LAKES DURING 10-15 Y OBSERVATION (POLAND). Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2008 Feb 18; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Long-term investigations of post-Chernobyl radiocaesium in fallout and air in North Croatia. Environ Monit Assess. 2008 Feb 16; [Epub ahead of print]

 

 

 

 

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