Cesium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
 Cesium is a member of the alkali group of metals. It is one of three metals that occur as a liquid at room temperature-the others are mercury and gallium. Cesium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Cesium is used as an oxygen "getter" in vacuum and electronic tubes and as a component of photoelectric cells. Cesium compounds are considered to be slightly toxic. Atomic clocks use the microwave spectral line emitted by Cesium Isotope 133 for reference. Cesium chloride is an unproven treatment for cancer. Radioactive Cesium 137 is an artificial isotope produced that is an approved radiation source for cancer radiotherapy. Under pressure, Cesium hydride is stiffer than diamond. Laboratories use various cerium compounds for their ability to hydrogenate organic compounds. Caesium is named for the vibrant blue lines in its spectrum.
Cesium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are
available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.
Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in  which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Cesium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.
Cesium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Cesium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 6s1. In its elemental form cesium's CAS number is 7440-46-2. The cesium atom has a radius of 265.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.
All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, thin fillm deposition using sputtering targets and evaporation materials, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology applications. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Cesium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.
Cesium was first discovered by Fustov Kirchhoff in 1860.
The word Caesium originates from the Latin word 'caesisus' meaning "sky blue".
 césium |
 Cesium |
 cesio |
 Césio |
 cesio |
 Cesium |
Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of cesium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
| Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
| Cs-133 |
132.905447 |
100 |
The following table shows the abundance of Cesium present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
| |
Typical Human Body |
Universe |
| by Weight |
20 ppb |
0.8 ppb |
| by Atom |
1 ppb |
0.1 ppb |
Safety Data and Biological Role. The safety data for cesium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Cesium compounds have no biological role.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for cesium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
| 1st Ionization Energy |
375.71 kJ mol-1 |
| 2nd Ionization Energy |
2234.37 kJ mol-1 |
| 3rd Ionization Energy |
- kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to cesium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 20 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 0.79. The thermal conductivity of cesium is 35.9 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for cesium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
| Heat of Fusion |
2.09 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Vaporization |
66.5 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Atomization |
77.58 kJ mol-1 |
Recent Research & Development for CesiumCrystal structure of Sa239 reveals the structural basis for the activation of ribokinase by monovalent cations.
Li J, Wang C, Wu Y, Wu M, Wang L, Wang Y, Zang J.
J Struct Biol. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22198595
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Radioactive pollution in Athens, Greece due to the Fukushima nuclear accident.
Kritidis P, Florou H, Eleftheriadis K, Evangeliou N, Gini M, Sotiropoulou M, Diapouli E, Vratolis S.
J Environ Radioact. 2011 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22197531
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Selected Trace Elements in the Sacramento River, California: Occurrence and Distribution.
Taylor HE, Antweiler RC, Roth DA, Alpers CN, Dileanis P.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22193863
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A laboratory experiment for determining both the hydraulic and diffusive properties and the initial pore-water composition of an argillaceous rock sample: A test with the Opalinus clay (Mont Terri, Switzerland).
Savoye S, Michelot JL, Matray JM, Wittebroodt Ch, Mifsud A.
J Contam Hydrol. 2012 Feb 1;128(1-4):47-57. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
PMID:
22192344
[PubMed - in process]
Controlling Cesium Cation Recognition via Cation Metathesis within an Ion Pair Receptor.
Kim SK, Vargas-Zúñiga GI, Hay BP, Young NJ, Delmau LH, Masselin C, Lee CH, Kim JS, Lynch VM, Moyer BA, Sessler JL.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Dec 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22191574
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
High affinity of water-soluble cryptophanes for cesium cations.
Brotin T, Montserret R, Bouchet A, Cavagnat D, Linares M, Buffeteau T.
J Org Chem. 2011 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22191454
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Improved Measurement of the Hydrogen 1S-2S Transition Frequency.
Parthey CG, Matveev A, Alnis J, Bernhardt B, Beyer A, Holzwarth R, Maistrou A, Pohl R, Predehl K, Udem T, Wilken T, Kolachevsky N, Abgrall M, Rovera D, Salomon C, Laurent P, Hänsch TW.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Nov 11;107(20):203001. Epub 2011 Nov 11.
PMID:
22181729
[PubMed - in process]
Enhanced field electron emission of graphene sheets by CsI coating after electrophoretic deposition.
Liu J, Zeng B, Wu Z, Sun H.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22175648
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A Study of the Hydration of the Alkali Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution.
Mähler J, Persson I.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22168370
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Can Infrared Spectroscopy Be Used to Measure Change in Potassium Nitrate Concentration as a Proxy for Soil Particle Movement?
Luleva MI, van der Werff H, Jetten V, van der Meer F.
Sensors (Basel). 2011;11(4):4188-4206. Epub 2011 Apr 7.
PMID:
22163843
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Inorganic-Organic Magnetic Nanocomposites for use in Preventive Medicine: A Rapid and Reliable Elimination System for Cesium.
Namiki Y, Namiki T, Ishii Y, Koido S, Nagase Y, Tsubota A, Tada N, Kitamoto Y.
Pharm Res. 2011 Dec 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22146802
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Production and Titering of Recombinant Adeno-associated Viral Vectors.
McClure C, Cole KL, Wulff P, Klugmann M, Murray AJ.
J Vis Exp. 2011 Nov 27;(57). pii: 3348. doi: 10.3791/3348.
PMID:
22143312
[PubMed - in process]
Estimation of the time-dependent radioactive source-term from the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident using atmospheric transport modelling.
Schöppner M, Plastino W, Povinec PP, Wotawa G, Bella F, Budano A, De Vincenzi M, Ruggieri F.
J Environ Radioact. 2011 Dec 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22137089
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Removal efficiency of water purifier and adsorbent for iodine, cesium, strontium, barium and zirconium in drinking water.
Sato I, Kudo H, Tsuda S.
J Toxicol Sci. 2011;36(6):829-34.
PMID:
22129747
[PubMed - in process]
Biosorption of cesium(I) from aqueous solution by a novel exopolymers secreted from Pseudomonas fluorescens C-2: equilibrium and kinetic studies.
Mao Y, Hu H, Yan Y.
J Environ Sci (China). 2011;23(7):1104-12.
PMID:
22125902
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Radiation measurements in the Chiba Metropolitan Area and radiological aspects of fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants accident.
Amano H, Akiyama M, Chunlei B, Kawamura T, Kishimoto T, Kuroda T, Muroi T, Odaira T, Ohta Y, Takeda K, Watanabe Y, Morimoto T.
J Environ Radioact. 2011 Nov 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22119284
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Variability of (137)Cs and (40)K soil-to-fruit transfer factor in tropical lemon trees during the fruit development period.
Velasco H, Cid AS, Anjos RM, Zamboni CB, Rizzotto M, Valladares DL, Juri Ayub J.
J Environ Radioact. 2012 Feb;103(2):64-70. Epub 2011 Nov 1.
PMID:
22115437
[PubMed - in process]
Use of natural radionuclides to determine the time range of the accidental melting of an orphan radioactive source in a steel recycling plant.
Cantaluppi C, Ceccotto F, Cianchi A.
J Environ Radioact. 2011 Nov 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22103976
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Membrane treatment of liquid wastes from radiological decontamination operations.
Svittsov AA, Khubetsov SB, Volchek K.
Water Sci Technol. 2011;64(4):854-60.
PMID:
22097071
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Deposition of aerosol particles in a model vitreous chamber.
G Lden O, Wiedmann TS.
Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2011 Nov 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22087844
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher] |
